Chemia

Lagoenae liquores chemicos continentes.

Condensatrum primitivum utile ad liquores purificandos.

Chemia (-ae, f.) est scientia multas in disciplinas divisa, quae atomos describendo explicat, quare et quomodo moleculae ex atomis formentur. Vinculum chemicum, quod atomos commitit, est idea fundamentalis chemiae, qua omnes res chemicae explicantur. Cum physica commutationem statuum physicorum materiae describit, tum chemia commutationem chemicam ad vincula chemica formanda rumpendaque refert.

Antiquitus omnes materiae putabantur ex elementis quattuor, nempe ex igne, terra, aqua, aëre provenire. Scientifici aetatis antiquae investigabant, quo modo elementa solvi et coagulari possent, ut novae substantiae medicinaeque crearentur. Medio aevo investigationes chemicae ab Arabibus continuabantur, quorum disciplina alchemia appellabatur. Chemia moderna ex alchemia medii aevi orta est.

Hodie scimus materiam ex elementis fere 114 provenire, ut hydrogenio, helio, lithio, carbonio, oxygenio, auro, plumbo, eqs. Systema periodicum omnium elementorum ordo est. In hoc systemate, nomina elementorum chemicorum saepe e lingua Latina derivata sunt.

Disciplinae

Chemiae sunt diversae disciplinae:

• Chemia organica
  • Chemia polymerica
• Chemia inorganica
  • Chemia status solidi
• Chemia organometallica sive Organica-inorganica
• Chemia physica
• Chemia theoretica
  • Chemia computatoria
  • Chemia mathematica
  • Chemica quantica
• Chemia analytica
• Biochemia sive chemia rerum viventium

Emissionis spectrum ferri

Chemia organica de moleculis e carbonio factis tractat; in composito organico est vinculum inter atomos carbonii, hydrogeni, oxygenii. Talia composita organica dicuntur quod omnia quae vivunt ex eis facta sunt.

Chemia inorganica de aliis compositis tractat, hoc est, de moleculis sine carbonio, ut metallis.

Sunt autem composita chemica in quibus sunt vincula inter atomum carbonii et atomum metallis. Chemia organometallica de talibus materiis tractat.

In chemia physica describuntur fundamenta physica systematum chemicorum.

Chemia theoretica methodis et organis mathematicae et physicae utitur ad processus chemicos explanandos.

Partes et compositiones materiarum sunt labores chemiae analyticae.

Biochemia est studium processorum chemicorum in cellulis animalium et plantorum.

Chemici clari

Hi viri feminaeque chemici sunt aut fuerunt. Inter hos sunt plures laureati Praemii Nobeliani Chemiae.

• Paulus Delos Boyer
• Maria Curie
• Democritus
• Richardus Heck
• Robertus Huber
• Antonius Laurentius Lavoisier
• Demetrius Mendeleev
• Ei-ichi Negishi
• Alfredus Nobel
• Ernestus Rutherford
• Akira Suzuki
• Fridericus Wöhler

Vide etiam

• Vicipaedia:Glossarium chemicum
• Systema periodicum
• Vinculum chemicum
• Hydroxydatum
• Polymerum
• Ammoniacum

Bibliographia

Libri populares

• André, Gilles, Valérie Dartiailh, Frédérique Maksud, Sophie Pak-Blanes, et Josette Fournier. 1994. Ecolo Chimie, chimie appliquée à l’environnement. Nantes: Association Cultures et Techniques. ISBN 978-2-9502444-4-4
• Atkins, P.W. 2003. Galileo's Finger: The Ten Great Ideas of Science Oxonii: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860941-8
• Atkins, P.W. 2003. Atkins' Molecules. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-82397-8
• Capon, Mady, Véronique Courilleau-Haverlant, Cécile Valette, 1993. Chimie des couleurs et des odeurs. Nantes: Association Cultures et Techniques. ISBN 978-2-9502444-2-0
• Crouzet-Deprost, Dominique, Karine Déprés-Homo, Sophie Sadou, et Josette Fournier. 1996. Chimie dans la maison. Nants: Association Cultures et Techniques. ISBN 2-95101 68-2-4
• Haurat-Bentolila, Sylvie, Emmanuelle Lecorgne, Olivier Leduc. 1995. Chimie-Tout: expériences commentées. Nantes: Association Cultures et Techniques. ISBN 978-2-9502444-6-8
• Hussey, Matt. 1999 Nod don Eolach: Gasaitéar Eolaíochta. Eblanae: An Gúm. ISBN 1857911032.
• Miller, Steve. 2012. The Chemical Cosmos: A Guided Tour. Novi Eboraci: Springer. ISBN 9781441984432.
• Kranz, Joachim, Manfred Kuballa. 2003. Chemie im Alltag. Berolini. ISBN 3-589-21692-1.
• Stwertka, Albert. 2012. A Guide to the Elements, editio tertia. Oxonii: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199832521.
• Terrien, Marie, Josette Fournier. 1998. Chimie du petit déjeuner. Nantes: Association Cultures et Techniques. ISBN 978-2-9510168-5-9

Historia chemiae

• Aftalion, Fred. 1988. Histoire de la chimie. Lutetiae: Masson. ISBN 978-2-225-81420-4
• Califano, Salvatore. 2010. Storia della chimica. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri. ISBN 9788833921570
• Elmir, François. 2005. La chimie: son passé, son présent et son avenir. Lutetiae: Siress. ISBN 9782952058858
• Gavroglu, Kostas, et Ana Simöes. 2012. Neither Physics nor Chemistry: A History of Quantum Chemistry. Cantabrigiae: MIT Press. ISBN 9780262016186
• Greenberg, Arthur. 2000. A Chemical History Tour: Picturing Chemistry from Alchemy to Modern Molecular Science. Novi Eboraci: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-35408-2
• Morris, Richard. 2003. The Last Sorcerers: The Path from Alchemy to the Periodic Table. Vasingtoniae: Joseph Henry Press. ISBN 0309089050.
• Solov'ev, I. J. 1976. L'Evoluzione del pensiero chimico - Dal '600 ai giorni nostri. Mondadori.
• Volke, Klaus. 2009. Chemie im Altertum: unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Mesopotamiens und der Mittelmeerländer. Freiberg: TU Bergakademie Freiberg. ISBN 9783860123768.

Libri scholastici, inferiores

• Atkins, P.W., Overton, T., Rourke, J., Weller, M. et Armstrong, F. 2006 Shriver and Atkins: Inorganic Chemistry, editio quarta. Oxonii: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199264636.
• Chang, Raymond. 1998. Chemistry, editio sexta. Bostoniae: James M. Smith, 1998. ISBN 0-07-115221-0.
• Clayden, Jonathan, Greeves, Nick, Warren, Stuart, et Wothers, Peter 2001. Organic Chemistry. Oxonii: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-850346-0.
• Malone, Leo J. 2004. Basic Concepts of Chemistry. New York: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-21522-6.
• Stephenson, G. 1973. Mathematical Methods for Science Students. Reading: Addison Wesley Longman. ISBN 0-582-44416-0
• Voet, Donald et Judith Voet. 2010 Biochemistry, editio quarta. Novo Eboraco: Wiley. ISBN 978-0470570951.

Libri scholastici, superiores

• Atkins, P.W., et Julio de Paula. 2010. Physical Chemistry, editio nona. Novi Eboraci: W. H. Freeman. ISBN 978-1429218122
• Atkins, P.W., et Ronald Friedman. 2010. Molecular Quantum Mechanics, editio quinta. Oxonii: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199541423.
• Berg, Jeremy Mark. 2012. Biochemistry, editio septima. Novi Eboraci: W. H. Freeman. ISBN 9781429229364
• Brown, William Henry. 2011. Introduction to Organic Chemistry, editio quarta. Hoboken: Wiley. ISBN 9780470129234
• McWeeny, Roy, et C. A. Coulson. 1979. Coulson's Valence. Oxonii: Oxford Science Publications. ISBN 0-19-855144-4
• Pauling, Linus. 1960. The Nature of the Chemical Bond and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals. Ithacae: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-0333-2
• Pauling, Linus, et E. Bright Wilson, Jr. 1935. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics with Applications to Chemistry, reeditio 1985. Novo Eboraco: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-64871-0
• Smart, Leslie E., et Elaine A. Moore. 2005. Solid State Chemistry: An Introduction. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall. ISBN 0-412-40040-5

Nexus externus

• Bibliotheca chemico curiosa: seu rerum ad alchemiam pertinentium ..., Band 2 Von Jean-Jacques Manget
• Societas chemica Americana
• Societas chemica regia Regni Uniti
• Societas chemica Iaponiae
• Societas Europaeana pro scientiis chemicis et molecularibus
• Ioci ad chemiam pertinentes, apud "Science Jokes" (Anglice)

Viciversitas (Anglica) libros habet qui de chemia tractant.

Systema Periodicum

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