Bancocum

Urbis Krung Thep a flumine Mae Nam sub solis occasu despectus

Situs castelli Francorum Bancoq (in parte superiori imaginis) oppidique indigenarum Thonburi (infra) anno 1688 depictus

Bancocum, etiam Krung Thep (กรุงเทพ), est urbs circa 6 640 000 incolarum (anno 2005) et ab anno 1782 caput Regni Thailandiae.

Nomen

Rex Rama I, qui hanc urbem annis 1782-1786 aedificavit, nomine simplicissimo Krung thep info nuncupavit, verbo Thai Krung กรุง ("caput regni") adiectivum Pali deva เทพ ("divinum" seu "deorum") addens, quae pronuntiatione indigenarum thep sonat. Hodie nomen productius Krung thep mahanakhon info ubique recipitur, appellatione Pali addita มหานคร mahānāgara ("urbs magna"). Nomen autem completum rex Mongkut sic decrevit: กรุงเทพมหานครอมรรัตนโกสินทร์ มหินทรายุธยามหาดิลกภพ นพรัตน์ราชธานี บุรีรมย์อุดมราชนิเวศน์ มหาสถานอมรพิมานอวตารสถิต สักกะทัตติยะวิษณุกรรมประสิทธิ์ (Thai krung + Pali devamahānāgarāmararatanakosindra mahindrayudhyā mahātilakabhava navaratanarājadhānī purīramyotamarājanivēsana mahāsthānāmaravimānāvatārasthitya shakrasdattiya vishnukarmaprasiddhi) quod pronuntiatione indigenarum sic sonat: Krung thep mahanakhon amon rattanakosin mahinthara yuthaya mahadilok phop noppharat ratchathani burirom udomratchaniwet mahasathan amon piman awatan sathit sakkathattiya witsanukam prasit info. Discipulis scholarum nomen completum licet mente retinere; alii multi recitare possunt quia in carmine populari anno 1989 ab Asani et Wasan Chotikul canto includitur. Sententiam autem in verbis religiosis recelatam perpauci intellegunt. Hic circa annum 1688 mercatores Franci castellum posuerunt cui nomen locale Bancoq attribuerunt.

Tabula climatographica urbis Bancoci

Situs et clima

Urbs Bancocum, a litoribus Sinus Siamensis vel 30 chilometris distans, ad ripam sinistram fluminis Mae Nam (hodie titulo nobilitatis chao phraya nuncupati) inter paludes sita est, 2 metris tantum a superficie maris elevata, canalibus et fossis permeata.

Urbs in climate tropicali iacet, praecipitatione imbrium quotidiana media 1.498 mm. Inter menses monsonii, id est Maium et Octobrem, imbres maximi et crebrissimi defluunt, ita ut mense Septembri seu Octobri nonnullae partes urbis inundentur. Imbres mensuales maximi mense Septembri fiunt, usque ad 344, minimi autem mense Ianuario 9 millimetrorum nec plurium. Temperatura media annuatim 28,4° confitetur, per totum annum inter 26,1° et 30,4° varians, meridie quam maxime 34,9° attingens, diebus seu noctibus ventosissimis quam minime 20,8°. Mense Aprili aër stat calidissima; eo enim mense temperatura inter 34,9° et 26° variat. Mense Decembri stat frigidissima, inter 31° et 20,8° varians. Ergo tempora anni ordinantur siccum a mense Novembri Februarium usque, calidum a mense Marti Iunium usque, humidum a mense Iulio usque ad Octobrem.

Historia

Iuxta castello in ripa dextra eiusdem fluminis vicus sedebat indigenarum, nomine Thonburi. Urbe magna Aiuthia a Birmanis anno 1767 deleta, regno destructo, dux bellorum Taksin inimicos expulsit regnumque novum proclamavit et in vico Thonburi praesidium posuit. Eo autem post quindecim annos a ducibus Surasih et Chakri deiecto et interfecto, ipse Chakri regnum accepit novumque caput in ripa sinistra fluminis constituit ubi Franci olim sederant. Originem enim in eodem anno 1782 habent et familia regalis Chakri et urbs regia Bancocum, die 21 Aprilis 1782 rite constituta. A saeculo XIX medio peregrini multi ad negotia perficienda ibi habitaverunt. Viae et ferroviae iussu praecipue regum Mongkut et Chulalongkorn constructae sunt; Pons Memorialis quo Bancocum et Thonburi trans flumen Mae Nam iunguntur aedificatus est anno 1932, urbis necnon familiae regalis centesimo et quinquagesimo, et ad honorem regis Chakri dicatus.

Administratio

Forma regionum urbanarum (khet) Bancoci

Urbs Bancocum provincia administrativa specialis civitatis Thailandiae anno 1971 ex unione provinciarum anteriorum Thonburi et Bancoci constituta est; in qua recognoscuntur quinquaginta regiones urbanae (khet เขต) et 169 vici (khwaeng แขวง). Regiones urbanae, in tabula pictae, sic enumerantur:

Phra Nakhon (พระนคร) Dusit (ดุสิต) Nong Chok (หนองจอก) Bang Rak (บางรัก) Bang Khen (บางเขน) Bang Kapi (บางกะปิ) Pathum Wan (ปทุมวัน) Pom Prap Sattru Phai (ป้อมปราบศัตรูพ่าย) Phra Khanong (พระโขนง) Minburi (มีนบุรี) Lat Krabang (ลาดกระบัง) Yan Nawa (ยานนาวา) Samphanthawong (สัมพันธวงศ์) Phaya Thai (พญาไท) Thonburi (ธนบุรี) Bangkok Yai (บางกอกใหญ่) Huai Khwang (ห้วยขวาง) Khlong San (คลองสาน) Taling Chan (ตลิ่งชัน) Bangkok Noi (บางกอกน้อย) Bang Khun Thian (บางขุนเทียน) Phasi Charoen (ภาษีเจริญ) Nong Khaem (หนองแขม) Rat Burana (ราษฎร์บูรณะ) Bang Phlat (บางพลัด)

Din Daeng (ดินแดง) Bueng Kum (บึงกุ่ม) Sathon (สาทร) Bang Sue (บางซื่อ) Chatuchak (จตุจักร) Bang Kho Laem (บางคอแหลม) Prawet (ประเวศ) Khlong Toei (คลองเตย) Suan Luang (สวนหลวง) Chom Thong (จอมทอง) Don Mueang (ดอนเมือง) Ratchathewi (ราชเทวี) Lat Phrao (ลาดพร้าว) Watthana (วัฒนา) Bang Khae (บางแค) Lak Si (หลักสี่) Sai Mai (สายไหม) Khan Na Yao (คันนายาว) Saphan Sung (สะพานสูง) Wang Thonglang (วังทองหลาง) Khlong Sam Wa (คลองสามวา) Bang Na (บางนา) Thawi Watthana (ทวีวัฒนา) Thung Khru (ทุ่งครุ) Bang Bon (บางบอน)

Universitas

Universitas Chulalongkorn anno 1917 condita est.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Bancocum spectant.

• Administratio metropolitana Bancoci (Thai, Anglice)
• Tabula Bancoci
• Tabula laophoriorum urbis Bancoci
• Tabula viarum urbanarum (Thai)
• Despectus e caelo
• "Bangkok" apud wikitravel.org (Anglice)
• "Bangkok" in Encyclopaedia Britannica
• Climatologia urbis Bancoci apud Hong Kong Observatory
• De mercatura portus Bancoci

Bibliographia

• Steve Van Beek, Bangkok Then and Now. AB Publications, Bancoci 2000, ISBN 974-87063-9-7
• Dirk Bronger, Manila-Bangkok-Seoul. Regionalentwicklung und Raumwirtschaftspolitik in den Philippinen, Thailand und Südkorea. Institut für Asienkunde, Hamburgi 1997, ISBN 3-88910-178-X
• Karl Husa, Helmut Wohlschlägel, "Booming Bangkok: eine Megastadt in Südostasien im Spannungsfeld von Metropolisierung und Globalisierung" in Karl Husa, Erich Pilz, Irene Stacher, Mega-Cities: Die Metropolen des Südens zwischen Globalisierung und Fragmentierung (Historische Sozialkunde, 12). Francofurti ad Moenum 1996, ISBN 3-86099-172-8.
• Frauke Kraas, "Bangkok: Ungeplante Megastadtentwicklung durch Wirtschaftsboom und soziokulturelle Persistenzen" in Geographische Rundschau vol. 48 (1996) pp. 89–96.
• Matthias Müth, Verkehrspolitik in Metropolen Südostasiens. Politische Entscheidungsprozesse im Spannungsfeld gesellschaftlicher Interessen: der Personennahverkehr in Singapur und Bangkok. Abera-Verlag, Hamburgi 2003, ISBN 978-3-934376-56-4.
• Peter Nitsch, Bangkok – Urban Identities. Rupa publishing, Monaci 2007, ISBN 978-3-9809430-7-9.
• Maryvelma O'Neil, Bangkok. A Cultural History. Oxford University Press, Novi Eboraci 2008, ISBN 978-0-19-534251-2.
• Barend Jan Terwiel, Through Travellers' Eyes: an approach to early nineteenth-century Thai history. Duang Kamol, Bancoci, 1989. ISBN 974-210-455-7.
• Roger Willemsen, Ralf Tooten, Bangkok Noir. Fischer, Francofurti ad Moenum 2009, ISBN 978-3-10-092106-2.