Immanuel Kantius

Immanuel Kantius
Immanuel Kant
Pictura
Natus	22 Aprilis 1724 Regiomontii
Obiit	12 Februarii 1804 ibidem

Immanuel Kantius (Theodisce: Immanuel Kant) fuit philosophus Germanicus, Regiomontii in Borussia natus die 22 Aprilis 1724 et ibidem mortuus 12 Februarii 1804. Kantius celebri modo numquam urbe natali exivit. Hodie Regiomontium est Russiae pars, nomine Calininopolis; Kantii vero temporibus fuit magnitudine secunda Borussiae urbs.

Kantius fuit ultimus hodiernae Europae philosophus potens in sequentia classica epistemologiae per Aetatem Humanitatem (Anglice: Age of Enlightenment) quae initium habuit in operibus philosophorum Ioannis Locke, Georgii Berkeley, et David Hume.

Kantius in libro Kritik der reinen Vernunft (Critica rationis purae) scripsit nostram cognitionem finitam esse. Sunt logica iudicia quae "analytici iudicia a priori" vel "dialectica transcendentalis" ac vel "antinomia" appellantur. Sunt quoque "synthetica iudicia a posteriori," id est iudicia de experimentis. Sunt autem alia iudicia, quae "syntheticia iudicia a priori" appellantur: iudicia arithmeticae, geometriae, physicae, denique metaphysicae ac dignitatis personalitatis. Quomodo potest homo synthetica iudicia a priori dicare?

Sententiae celeberrimae

• "Illuminatio est, qua homines exeunt e procuratura, quam ipsi sibi imposuerunt. Procuratura est ratione sua uti non posse nisi praeceptore quodam gubernante."
• Imperativus ille categoricus sive fundamentum ethicae Kantianae: "Age ita, ut maxima voluntatis tuae propositio esse principio possit legislaturae generali."
• "Pax perpetua" est pax mundi, idea sublima per abrogatione militis perpetui a iure naturale et iure gentium apud suo scripto "De pace perpetua" (anno 1795)

Opus

• Immanuelis Kantii Opera ad philosophiam criticam Latine vertit Fredericus Gottlob Born (Lipsiae: E. B. Schwickert, 1796-98).

Vide etiam

• A priori
• Antinomia
• Cultura
• Personalitas
• Moralitas
• Ius naturale
• Humanitarium belli ius
• Cosmopolitanismus
• Rechtsstaat

Bibliographia

Introductiones generales ad eius cogitata

• Broad C. D. Kant: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, 1978. ISBN 0-521-21755-5, ISBN 0-521-29265-4
• Gardner, Sebastian Kant and the Critique of Pure Reason. Routledge, 1999. ISBN 0-415-11909-X
• Martin, Gottfried. Kant's Metaphysics and Theory of Science. Greenwood Press, 1955 ISBN 978-0-8371-7154-8 (This study elucidates Kant's most fundamental concepts in their historical context.)
• Perez, D. O. Kant e o problema da significação. Curitiba: Editora Champagnat, 2008.
• Palmquist, Stephen. Kant's System of Perspectives: An architectonic interpretation of the Critical philosophy. University Press of America, 1993. ISBN 0-8191-8927-8
• Seung, T. K. 2007. Kant: Guide for the Perplexed. London: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-8580-4
• Uleman, Jennifer. An Introduction to Kant's Moral Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-521-13644-0

Biographia contextus historicus

• Beck, Lewis White. Early German Philosophy: Kant and his Predecessors. Harvard University Press, 1969. Survey of Kant's intellectual background
• Beiser, Frederick C. The Fate of Reason: German Philosophy from Kant to Fichte. Harvard University Press, 1987.
• Beiser, Frederick C. German Idealism: The Struggle against Subjectivism, 1781-1801. Harvard University Press, 2002
• Cassirer, Ernst. Kant's Life and Thought. Translation of Kants Leben und Lehre. Trans., Jame S. Haden, intr. Stephan Körner. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1981.
• Chamberlain, Houston Stewart. Immanuel KantFormula:Ndash a study and a comparison with Goethe, Leonardo da Vinci, Bruno, Plato and Descartes, the authorised translation from the German by Lord Redesdale, with his 'Introduction', The Bodley Head, London, 1914, (2 volumes).
• Gulyga, Arsenij. Immanuel Kant: His Life and Thought. Trans., Marijan Despaltović. Boston: Birkhäuser, 1987.
• Kuehn, Manfred. Kant: A Biography. Cambridge University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-521-49704-3. Now the standard biography of Kant in English
• Lehner, Ulrich L., Kants Vorsehungskonzept auf dem Hintergrund der deutschen Schulphilosophie und -theologie (Leiden: 2007) (Kant's Concept of Providence and its background in German School Philosophy & Theology)
• Pinkard, Terry. German philosophy, 1760-1860: The Legacy of Idealism. Cambridge, 2002.
• Sassen, Brigitte. ed. Kant's Early Critics: The Empiricist Critique of the Theoretical Philosophy, 2000.

Conlectiones commentarium

• Guyer, Paul. ed. The Cambridge Companion to Kant. Cambridge University Press, 1992. ISBN 0-521-36587-2, ISBN 0-521-36768-9. Excellent collection of papers that covers most areas of Kant's thought
• Förster, Eckart ed. "Kant's Transcendental Deductions: The Three 'Critiques' and the 'Opus Postumum.'" Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989. Includes an important essay by Dieter Henrich'
• Cohen, Ted and Paul Guyer eds. Essays in Kant's Aesthetics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982. Essays on Kant's Critique of Judgment
• Firestone, Chris L. and Stephen Palmquist (eds.). Kant and the New Philosophy of Religion. Indiana University Press, 2006. ISBN 0-253-21800-4
• Mohanty, J.N. and Robert W. Shahan. eds. Essays on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1982. ISBN 0-8061-1782-6
• Phillips, Dewi et al. Kant and Kierkegaard on Religion. Palgrave Macmillian, 2000, ISBN 0-312-23234-9 Collection of essays about Kantian religion and its influence on Kierkegaardian and contemporary philosophy of religion.
• Proceedings of the International Kant Congresses. Several Congresses (numbered) edited by various publishers.
• Iohannes Rawls. Kantian Constructivism in Moral Theory, 1980
• Giovanni B. Sala, La Cristologia nella "Religione nei limiti della semplice ragione" di Kant, in "Rivista di Filosofia Neo-Scolastica", 96, 2-3, 2004, pp. 235-305.

Philosophia theoretica

• Allison, Henry. Kant’s Transcendental Idealism. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983, 2004. ISBN 0-300-03629-9, ISBN 0-300-03002-9. Very influential defense of Kant's idealism, recently revised
• Ameriks, Karl. Kant's Theory of Mind: An Analysis of the Paralogisms of Pure Reason. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982. One of the first detailed studies of the Dialectic in English
• Banham, Gary. Kant's Transcendental Imagination London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006: "has an unrivalled ability to make Kant our contemporary and to show that the critical philosophy still contains untapped resources and even surprises".
• Farias, Vanderlei de Oliveira. Kants Realismus und der Aussenweltskeptizismus. OLMS. Hildesheim, Zürich, New York. 2006.
• Deleuze, Gilles. Kant's Critical Philosophy. Trans., Hugh Tomlinson and Barbara Habberjam. University of Minnesota Press, 1984. ISBN 0-8166-1341-9, ISBN 0-8166-1436-9
• Gram, Moltke S. The Transcendental Turn: The Foundation of Kant's Idealism. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1984. ISBN 0-8130-0787-9
• Greenberg, Robert. Kant's Theory of A Priori Knowledge, Penn State Press, 2001 ISBN 0-271-02083-0
• Guyer, Paul. Kant and the Claims of Knowledge. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. Modern defense of the view that Kant's theoretical philosophy is a "patchwork" of ill-fitting arguments
• Heidegger, Martin. Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics, Indiana University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-253-21067-4
• Henrich, Dieter. The Unity of Reason: Essays on Kant’s Philosophy. Edited and with an introduction by Richard L. Velkley; translated by Jeffrey Edwards… [et al.]. Harvard University Press, 1994. ISBN 0-674-92905-5
• Kemp Smith, Norman. A Commentary to Kant's ‘Critique of Pure Reason. London: Macmillan, 1930. Somewhat dated, but influential commentary on the first Critique, recently reprinted
• Kitcher, Patricia. Kant's Transcendental Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
• Longuenesse, Béatrice. Kant and the Capacity to Judge. Princeton University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-691-04348-5. Argues that the notion of judgment provides the key to understanding the overall argument of the first Critique
• Melnick, Arthur. Kant's Analogies of Experience. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973. Important study of Kant's Analogies, including his defense of the principle of causality
• Sgarbi, Marco. La Kritik der reinen Vernunft nel contesto della tradizione logica aristotelica, Hildesheim, Olms 2010
• Paton, H. J. Kant’s Metaphysic of Experience: A Commentary on the First Half of the Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Two volumes. London: Macmillan, 1936. Extensive study of Kant's theoretical philosophy
• Pippin, Robert B.. Kant's Theory of Form: An Essay on the Critique of Pure Reason. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982. Influential examination of the formal character of Kant's work
• Sala, Giovanni. Kant, Lonergan und der christliche Glaube (Nordhausen: Bautz, 2005), ed. by Ulrich L. Lehner and Ronald K. Tacelli
• Schopenhauer, Arthur. Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung. Erster Band. Anhang. Kritik der Kantischen Philosophie. F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1859 (In English: Arthur Schopenhauer, New York: Dover Press, Volume I, Appendix, "Criticism of the Kantian Philosophy", ISBN 0-486-21761-2)
• Seung, T. K. Kant's Transcendental Logic. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969.
• Strawson, P.F. The Bounds of Sense: an essay on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. Routledge, 1989. Work that revitalized the interest of contemporary analytic philosophers in Kant
• Wolff, Robert Paul. Kant's theory of mental activity: A commentary on the transcendental analytic of the Critique of Pure Reason. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1963. Detailed and influential commentary on the first part of the Critique of Pure Reason
• Yovel, Yirmiyahu. Kant and the Philosophy of History. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989.

Philosophia pragmatica

• Allison, Henry, Kant's theory of freedom Cambridge University Press 1990.
• Banham, Gary. Kant's Practical Philosophy: From Critique to Doctrine Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
• Michalson, Gordon E. Fallen Freedom: Kant on Radical Evil and Moral Regeneration. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
• Michalson, Gordon E. Kant and the Problem of God. Blackwell Publishers, 1999.
• Paton, H. J. The Categorical Imperative; a study in Kant's moral philosophy University of Pennsylvania Press 1971.
• Rawls, John. Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy. Cambridge, 2000.
• Seung, T.K. Kant's Platonic Revolution in Moral and Political Philosophy. Johns Hopkins, 1994.
• Wolff, Robert Paul. The Autonomy of Reason: A Commentary on Kant's Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals. New York: HarperCollins, 1974. ISBN 0-06-131792-6.
• Wood, Allen. Kant's Ethical Thought New York: Cambridge University Press: 1999.

Aesthetica

• Allison, Henry. Kant's Theory of Taste: A Reading of the Critique of Aesthetic Judgment. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
• Banham, Gary. Kant and the Ends of Aesthetics. London and New York: Macmillan Press, 2000.
• Crawford, Donald. Kant's Aesthetic Theory. Wisconsin, 1974.
• Guyer, Paul. Kant and the Claims of Taste. Cambridge, MA and London, 1979.
• Hammermeister, Kai. The German Aesthetic Tradition. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
• Immanuel Kant entry in Kelly, Michael (Editor in Chief) (1998) Encyclopedia of Aesthetics. New York, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
• Makkreel, Rudolf, Imagination and Interpretation in Kant. Chicago, 1990.
• McCloskey, Mary. Kant's Aesthetic. SUNY, 1987.
• Schaper, Eva. Studies in Kant's Aesthetics. Edinburgh, 1979.
• Zammito, John H. The Genesis of Kant's Critique of Judgment. Chicago and London: Chicago University Press, 1992.
• Zupancic, Alenka. Ethics of the Real: Kant and Lacan. Verso, 2000.

Philosophia religionis

• Palmquist, Stephen. Kant's Critical Religion: Volume Two of Kant's System of Perspectives. Ashgate, 2000. ISBN 0-7546-1333-X
• Perez, D. O. . Religión, Política y Medicina en Kant: El Conflicto de las Proposiciones. Cinta de Moebio. Revista de Epistemologia de Ciencias Sociales., v. 28, p. 91-103, 2007. Uchile.cl

Alia opera

• Braver, Lee. A Thing of This World: a History of Continental Anti-Realism. Northwestern University Press: 2007. ISBN 978-0-8101-2380-9 (This study covers Kant and his contribution to the history of Continental Anti-Realism)
• Caygill, Howard. A Kant Dictionary. Oxford, UK; Cambridge, Mass., USA: Blackwell Reference, 1995. ISBN 0-631-17534-2, ISBN 0-631-17535-0
• Derrida, Jacques. Mochlos; or, The Conflict of the Faculties. Columbia University, 1980.
• Mosser, Kurt. Necessity and Possibility; The Logical Strategy of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. Catholic University of America Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-8132-1532-7
• Perez, D. O. . Os significados dos conceitos de hospitalidade em Kant e a problemática do estrangeiro. Revista Philosophica (Chile), v. 31, p. 43-53, 2007. Também em Konvergencias, 2007, nro. 15. UCV.cl, Konvergencias.net
• Perez, D. O. A loucura como questão semântica:uma interpretação kantiana. Trans/Form/Ação, São Paulo, 32(1): 95-117, 2009. Scielo.br

Philosophia hodierna a Kantio mota

• Herman, Barbara. The Practice of Moral Judgement. Harvard University Press, 1993.
• Korsgaard, Christine. Creating the Kingdom of Ends. Cambridge; New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-521-49644-6, ISBN 0-521-49962-3 (pbk.) Not a commentary, but a defense of a broadly Kantian approach to ethics
• McDowell, John. Mind and World. Harvard University Press, 1994. ISBN 0-674-57609-8. Offers a Kantian solution to a dilemma in contemporary epistemology regarding the relation between mind and world
• Parfit, Derek. Climbing the Mountain
• Pinker, Steven. The Stuff of Thought. Viking Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-670-06327-7. Chapter 4 - Cleaving the Air - discusses Kant's anticipation of modern cognitive science
• Wood, Allen. Kant's Ethical Thought. Cambridge; New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-521-64836-X. Comprehensive, in depth study of Kant's ethics, with emphasis on formula of humanity as most accurate formulation of the categorical imperative (according to similar arguments as Korsgaard)
• Giovanni Sala, La Cristologia nella Religione nei limiti della semplice ragione di Kant, in Rivista de Filosofia Neo-Scolastica, 96 (2004, 2-3, pp. 235-305.

Nexus externus

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Immanuelem Kantium spectant.

Notae

Signum Immanuelis Kantii in Regiomontii Russiae

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