Formosa

Situs in Asia orientali

Formosa^[1]^[2] seu Calonnesus^[3] sive Taivania^[4]^[5] (Sinice 臺灣 Taiwan) est insula in Asia Orientali sita, quae 99 centesimas areae terrestris rei publicae Sinarum constitit. Urbs principalis et caput est Taipeia. Urbs Tainan ad oram occidentalem anno 1624 condita est.

Omnis insulae area geographica est 35 808 chiliometra quadrata, et insula 180 fere chiliometra ante meridianum et orientali Sinae continentalis litus per Fretum Formosanum iacet. Mare Sinense Orientale ad septentriones, Mare Philippinense ad orientem, Fretum Luconiense recte ad meridiem, et Mare Sinense Australe ad meridiem et occidentem versus patent.

Insula geologice est fault block^? proclinatum, cuius proprietas est comparatio inter duas partes orientales, quae plerumque in quinque iugis montanis e regione litoris orientis iacentibus consistunt, ac campestres leniterque volventis unius partis occidentalis planities, ubi maior incolarum pars habitat. Aliquot cacumina sunt plus quam 3500 metra alta; propter Yu Shan (3952 metra), altissimum horum montium, Formosa est quarta ab altissima orbis terrarum insula. Fines tectonici qui haec iuga genuerunt actuosi manent, et insula multos terraemotus patitur, quorum aliquot exitiales sunt; praeterea in Freto Formosano iacent aliquot montes igniferi submarini.

Clima insulana a climate hippali tropici in meridie ad clima humidum subtropicum in septentrionibus variat, et a magno hippalo Asiae Orientali regitur. Quattuor typhoni marini insulam peraeque quotannis afficiunt. Montes orientales, penitus silvosi, sunt naturalis pervariorum animalium habitatio, et homines terram in humilibus campestriis occidentalibus septentrionalibusque valde utuntur.

Flora et fauna[recensere | fontem recensere]

Flora[recensere | fontem recensere]

Ante homines in insulam adventos, vegetatio Formosana a silvis pluvialibus in terris humiles per silvas temperatas silvasque boreales, ad plantas alpinas in altitudine crescente variabat.^[6] Hodie autem plurimae planities et colles occidentales septentrionalesque agriculturae prosunt ex migrantibus saeculis septimo decimo et duodevicensimo adventis; silvae autem montanae iam variae nonnullas species endemicas, sicut Chamaecyparem formosensem et Abiem kawakamii, sustinent, et Cinnamomum camphora olim in altitudinibus humilioribus late crescebat.

Fauna[recensere | fontem recensere]

*Neofelis nebulosa.* Adumbratio anno 1862 edita.^[7]

*Capricornis swinhoei* est caprina in Formosa endemica.

Formosa est sedes endemismi avium.

Ante industrializationem institutam, regiones montanae nonnullas animalium species et subspecies sustinebant, sicut Lophuraa swinhoii, Urocissam caeruleam, Cervum nippon taiwanensem (Cervum nippon taiouanum), et Oncorhynchum masou formosanum, quarum aliquot sunt exstinctae, aliaeque in discrimen adducuntur.

Olim habitant in insula pauca carnivora: undecim species, quarum Neofelis nebulosa exstincta videtur, et lutra solum Kinmen in parva insula inventa.^[8] Maximum carnivorum est Selanarctos thibetanus formosanus, ursus niger, rara species, quae in discrimen adducitur.^[9]

Nexus interni

Notae[recensere | fontem recensere]

↑ Philippus Ferrarius, Lexicon Geographicum; in quo Universi Orbis Urbes, Provinciae, Regna, Maria, & Flumina recensentur, ed. Michael Antonius Baudrand Parisinus (Parisiis: apud Franciscum Muguet, 1670), 91: "Formosam Insulam versùs."
↑ Bunzō Hayata (1908), "Flora Montana Formosae: An Enumeration of the Plants found on Mt. Morrison, the Central Chain, and Other Mountainous Regions of Formosa at Altitudes of 3,000–13,000 ft.,"] Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, vol. 25. Biodiversity Heritage Library.
↑ "Calonnesus (l'isle Formosa)" (Textus apud Google Books).
↑ Confer "Exc.mus D.nus Joseph Cheng Tsai-fa, Episcopus Tainanensis (Tainan, Taivania)."
↑ "Taiwania" in nomine generis botanici, cf. Taiwania cryptomerioides.
↑ Tsukada 1966.
↑ Swinhoe, R. (1862). "On the Mammals of the Island of Formosa". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 348–65 .
↑ Otter Conservation in Kinmen. . Kinmen County Government
↑ Chiang, Po-Jen; Kurtis Jai-Chyi Pei; Michael R. Vaughan; Ching-Feng Li (2012). "Niche relationships of carnivores in a subtropical primary forest in southern Taiwan". Zoological Studies 51: 500–11 .

Bibliographia[recensere | fontem recensere]

Chun Lin, et Hans Hendrischke. 2002. The Territories of the People's Republic of China. Londinii: Europa Publications. ISBN 1-85743-149-9.
Knapp, Ronald G. 1999. "The shaping of Taiwan's landscapes." In Taiwan: A New History, ed. Murray A. Rubinstein, 1–26. Armonk Novi Eboraci: M. E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-1494-0.
Tsukada, Matsuo. 1966. "Late Pleistocene vegetation and climate of Taiwan (Formosa)." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 55 (3): 543–48. PMC 224184. PMID 16591341. doi:10.1073/pnas.55.3.543. Bibcode 1966PNAS...55..543T.
Williams, Jack Francis, et David Chang. 2008. Taiwan's Environmental Struggle: Toward a Green Silicon Island. Novi Eboraci: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-44723-2.

Nexus externi[recensere | fontem recensere]

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Formosam spectant.

Situs geographici et historici: Locus: 23°46′0″N 121°0′0″E • OpenStreetMap • GeoNames • Treccani • Большая российская энциклопедия

"Taiwan datums." Open Source Geospatial Foundation Wiki.
"National Parks of Taiwan." Construction and Planning Agency, Ministry of the Interior, Taiwan.
"Taiwan Pass." Tourism Bureau, Ministry of Transportation and communications, Taiwan.

[1] Philippus Ferrarius, Lexicon Geographicum; in quo Universi Orbis Urbes, Provinciae, Regna, Maria, & Flumina recensentur, ed. Michael Antonius Baudrand Parisinus (Parisiis: apud Franciscum Muguet, 1670), 91: "Formosam Insulam versùs."

[2] Bunzō Hayata (1908), "Flora Montana Formosae: An Enumeration of the Plants found on Mt. Morrison, the Central Chain, and Other Mountainous Regions of Formosa at Altitudes of 3,000–13,000 ft.,"] Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, vol. 25. Biodiversity Heritage Library.

[3] "Calonnesus (l'isle Formosa)" (Textus apud Google Books).

[4] Confer "Exc.mus D.nus Joseph Cheng Tsai-fa, Episcopus Tainanensis (Tainan, Taivania)."

[5] "Taiwania" in nomine generis botanici, cf. Taiwania cryptomerioides.

[6] Tsukada 1966.

[Swinhoe-7] Swinhoe, R. (1862). "On the Mammals of the Island of Formosa". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 348–65 .

[8] Otter Conservation in Kinmen. . Kinmen County Government

[9] Chiang, Po-Jen; Kurtis Jai-Chyi Pei; Michael R. Vaughan; Ching-Feng Li (2012). "Niche relationships of carnivores in a subtropical primary forest in southern Taiwan". Zoological Studies 51: 500–11 .

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