Cyprinus carpio
Classis : Actinopterygii
Subclassis : Neopterygii
Infraclassis : Teleostei
Superordo : Ostariophysi
Ordo : Cypriniformes
Superfamilia : Cyprinioidea
Familia : Cyprinidae
Subfamilia : Cyprininae
Genus : Cyprinus
Species : Cyprinus carpio
Linnaeus, 1758
Cyprinus carpio est divulgatus aquae dulcis species piscium subfamiliae Cyprininarum ordinis Cypriniformium, qui aquas eutrophicas in lacubus magnisque fluminibus in Europa et Asia petit.[2][3] Multitudines ferae habentur exstinctione vulnerabiles ab International Union for Conservation of Nature,[1] sed species domita est, atque in circumiecta per paene totum orbem terrarum introducta est (vide "aquaculturam"), et saepe habetur species invasiva,[2] unde in indice centum mundi specierum maxime invasivarum perscribitur. Familia Cyprinidarum ex eo appellatur.
Taxinomia[recensere | fontem recensere]
Speciei sunt duae subspecies.
- Cyprinus carpio carpio in multo Europae (praesertim in fluminibus Danuvio et Rha) endemicus est.[2][4]
- Cyprinus carpio yilmaz in Anatolia in Turcia (praesertim circa Çorum).
Tertia subspecies, Cyprinus carpio haematopterus (carpio Amurensis), in Asia Orientali endemicus, olim agnoscebatur,[4] sed auctoritates eum separatam tractant speciem nomine Cyprinus rubrofuscus.[1][5] Cyprinus carpio et varii cognati Asiani morphologice puri meristica separari possunt, et genetice inter se differunt, sed progenies inter se gignunt.[1][6] Cyprinus carpio cum Carassio aurato progenies gignere potest.[7][8]
Historia[recensere | fontem recensere]
Cyprinus carpio in Europa et Asia endemicus est, et in omnes orbis terrarum regiones praeter polos introductus est. Ei sunt tertius a piscibus saepissimis introductis,[9] et temporibus Imperii Romani in piscinis iam colebantur.[10] Carpiones cibo in multis regionibus prosunt, sed etiam pestes in aliis regionibus habentur.[11] Carpiones primitivi in interiori fluminis Danuvi delta abhinc annorum 2000 fere habitabant.[12] Regio ubi primum inveniebantur etiam ad Pontem Euxinum, Mare Caspium, et Lacum Oxianum extendebatur.
Notae[recensere | fontem recensere]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 IUCN (vide situs scientificos)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Fishbase: Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758.
- ↑ Arkive: Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) Formula:Webarchive.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Jian Feng Zhou, Qing Jiang Wu, Yu Zhen Ye & Jin Gou Tong (2003), "Genetic divergence between Cyprinus carpio carpio and Cyprinus carpio haematopterus as assessed by mitochondrial DNA analysis, with emphasis on origin of European domestic carp." Genetica 119: 93–97.
- ↑ Craig 2015: 297.
- ↑ Zhou et al. 2004.
- ↑ Taylor et Mahon 1977.
- ↑ Photo of goldfish x common carp hybrid Formula:Webarchive in Melton Hill Reservoir, ex Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency.
- ↑ Courtenay et Welcomme 1989: 520.
- ↑ Balon, Eugene K. (1974), "Probable Origin of Domestication", Domestication of the carp Cyprinus caprio L., Royal Ontario Museum, pp. 16–18.
- ↑ "Common Carp: Aliens Among Us." N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Octobris 2014. <http://alienspecies.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/eng/species/common-carp>Formula:Dead link.
- ↑ "Balon, E. K. (2004), "About the oldest domesticates among fishes," Journal of Fish Biology 65 (Supplement A): 1–27. In Carp Fishing Science".
Bibliographia[recensere | fontem recensere]
- Courtenay, Walter R., et R. L. Welcomme. 1989. ""International Introductions of Inland Aquatic Species." Copeia 1989, no. 2 (23 Maii): 520. doi:10.2307/1445460. ISSN 0045-8511. JSTOR 1445460.
- Craig, J. F., ed. 2015. Freshwater Fisheries Ecology. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-118-39442-7.
- Smith, Peter J., et S. Margaret McVeagh. 2005. Genetic Analysis of Carp, Goldfish and Carp-Goldfish-Hybrids in New Zealand. DOC Research and Development Series 29. New Zealand Department of Conservation.
- Taylor, J., et R. Mahon. 1977. "Hybridization of Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus, the first two exotic species in the lower Laurentian Great Lakes." Environmental Biology of Fishes 1 (2): 205-208.
- Zhou, J., Q. Wu, Z. Wang, et Y. Ye. 2004. "Molecular Phylogenetics of Three Subspecies of Common carp Cyprinus Carpio, based on sequence analysis of cytochrome b and control region of mtDNA." Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 42 (4): 266–69.
Nexus externi[recensere | fontem recensere]
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Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Cyprinum carpionem spectant. |
- Cyprinus carpio. Archivum.