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Emendatio ex 18:53, 26 Octobris 2020

Socolata nigra solida (70%-85% solidis cacao)
Valor nutritivus per 100 g
Vis nutritivus	598 kJ
Carbohydrata	45.9 g
Sacchara	23.99 g
Fibrum	10.9 g
Pingue	42.63 g
: saturatum	24.489
: trans	0.03
: monoinsaturatum	12.781
: polyinsaturatum	1.257
Cholesterol	3 mg )
Proteinum	7.79 g
Aqua	1.37 g
Vitaminum A equiv.	2 μg (0%)
Thiaminum	0.034 mg (3%)
Riboflavinum	0.078 mg (5%)
Niacinum	1.054 mg (7%)
Vitaminum B6	1.054 mg (81%)
Vitaminum B12	0.28 μg (12%)
Vitaminum E	0.59 mg (4%)
Vitaminum K	7.3 μg (7%)
Calcium	73 mg (7%)
Ferrum	11.9 mg (95%)
Magnesium	228 mg (62%)
Phosphorus	308 mg (44%)
Kalium	715 mg (15%)
Natrium	20 mg (1%)
Zincum	3.31 mg (33%)
Valores per centum secundum normas CFA Fons: USDA Nutrient Database

Socolata^[1] seu chocolata^[2] est potio e tostis Theobromatis nucleis facta. Socolata etiam dicitur alimentum solidum aut amarum aut dulce ex eisdem nucleis tostis et contritis compactum. Patria socolatae est America Media. Conquisitatores Hispani usum potionis in Mexico apud Aztecos saeculo sexto decimo animadverterunt et in Europam introduxerunt.

Descriptio

Socolata, quia artífices suis cuiusque utuntur fabricationis praeceptis, haud semper eundem habet ubique saporem, eundem aspectum, eandem soliditatem. Secundum diversa fabricandi praecepta, potest misceri lacti, saccharo, pomis et nucibus, piperi aliisve condimentis. Secundum additionem praecipue lactis et sacchari socolata colore distinguitur, obscura, lactea, alba.

Socolata obscura vel amara, licet quadam temperetur condimentorum mixtura, est omnium tamen magis sincera. Socolata lactea, ut ipso indicatur nomine, magna ex parte, lacte fabricatur. Socolata vero alba, quae, uti aiunt periti, non est vera socolata, non ex theobromatis pulvere, sed ex socolateo butyro tantum fabricatur nimioque miscitur saccharo.

Beneficia socolatae amarae

Prodest cordi, quia aequum facit sanguinis fluxum.
Stimulat systema nervorum et cordis musculos.
Affert quendam commoditatis sensum, quia serotoninam liberat.

Notae

↑ Ebbe Vilborg, Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok, editio secunda, 2009. Vide etiam: Francisca Deraedt, "Socolata, num sit salubris", in Melissa 123 (2004): 4–5.
↑ Castelli, B. & Bruno, J.P. Lexicon medicum Graeco-Latinum (Lipsiae: F. Thomas, 1713); Hermann Menge, Langenscheidt Taschenwörterbuch Latein: Lateinisch–Deutsch, Deutsch–Lateinisch (Berolini: Langenscheidt, 2006. ISBN 3-468-11201-7). Aliis orthographiis "schocolata" (Langenscheidt), "chocolate, succolata" (Castelli). Vide insuper disputationem nostram

Bibliographia

Fontes antiquiores

1516 : Petri Martyris Decades de Orbe Novo p. 348 ("Cacai arbores ex quibus moneta fit" in indice)
circa 1540 : Toribius Motolinia, Historia de los Indios de la Nueva España pp. 193-194 editionis 1914 etc.
ante 1542 : Codex Mendoza (liber pictus, c. 1534/1542) ff. 19r, 68r etc.; cf. Frances Berdan, Patricia Anawalt, The Essential Codex Mendoza (Berkeleiae, 1997) pp. 32-33, 218-219 etc.
ante 1581 : Didacus Duran, Historia de las Indias de Nueva-España y islas de Tierra Firme (Mexicopoli, 1867-1880) vol. 1 pp. 176, 186, 223-228, 241, 307, 461 etc.
ante 1584 : Bernardus Díaz del Castillo, La historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España (manuscriptum, ante 1584) cap. 46, 91-92, 155 etc., 214 pp. 144, 285, 292-293, 614 etc., 1012 editionis interretialis Serés
ante 1585 : Bernardinus de Sahagun, Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España (manuscriptum, ante 1585) lib. 10 f. 71v textus
1590 : José de Acosta, Historia natural y moral delas Indias (Sevilla) pp. 250-253; The naturall and moral historie of the East and West Indies (Londinii, 1604) pp. 270-273
1605 : Clusii Exoticorum Libri Decem, lib. II, cap. 28 "Cacao fructus" ("Cacao, cacavate -is")
1609 : Juan Barrios, Libro en el cual se trata del chocolate. Mexicopoli (citatio verificanda)
1618 : Bartolomé Marradón, Diálogos del uso del tabaco y los daños que causa ... y del chocolate y otras bebidas. Sevilla: Gabriel Ramos Versio Francogallica imperfecta, 1643
1624 : Santiago Valverde Turices, Un Discurso del chocolate. Seville (citatio verificanda)
1636 : Antonio de León Pinelo, Question moral si el chocolate quebranta el ayuno eclesiástico. Matriti Textus
1631 : Antonius Colmenero de Ledesma, Curioso tratado de la naturaleza y calidad del chocolate. Matriti (Textus apud Google Books); Diego de Vades-forte [i.e. John Wadsworth], interpr., A curious treatise of the nature and quality of chocolate. Londinii: J. Okes, 1640 Textus (Textus apud Google Books); René Moreau, interpr., Du chocolate: discours curieux. Parisiis: Sebastien Cramoisy, 1643 textus; Marcus Aurelius Severinus Tarsensis, interpr., Chocolata inda: opusculum de qualitate et natura chocolatae. Sevilla, 1644 textus alibi
1648 : Thomas Gage, A New survey of the West India's: or, The English American his Travails by Sea and Land. Londinii: John Sweeting (ed. Thompson (1958) p. 145)
1652 : James Wadsworth, Chocolate: or, An Indian Drinke. Londinii: John Dakins, 1652
1655 : Olaus Wormius, Museum Wormianum, cap. 24, p. 191 ("Sed usum potissimum in potu habet, quem ex illo conficiunt Chocolate dicto")
1661 : Simon Paulli (titulus verificandus); Robert James, interpr., A Treatise on Tobacco, Coffee, Tea, and Chocolate. Londinii: T. Osborne, 1746
1662 : Henry Stubbe, The Indian Nectar, or a Discourse Concerning Chocolata. Londinii Textus
1664 : Cardinalis Brancatii De Chocolatis Potu Diatribe (vide etiam duo poemata in fine libri, ubi etiam invenitur e.g. IN LAVDEM POTIONIS Chocolaticæ.)
1671 : Philippe Sylvestre Dufour, De l'Usage du caphé, du thé, et du chocolate. Lugduni: J. Girin, B. Riviere (Textus apud Google Books); John Chamberlayne, interpr., The Manner of Making Coffee, Tea, and Chocolate, as it is Used in Most Parts of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. Londinii: Christopher Wilkinson, 1685
1672 : William Hughes, The American Physitian, or, A Treatise of the Roots, Plants, Trees, Shrubs, Fruit, Herbs, &c. Growing in the English Plantations in America. Londinii: William Crook
1682 : John Chamberlayne, The Natural History of Coffee, Thee', Chocolate, Tobacco. Londinii: Christopher Wilkinson
1685 : Philippe Sylvestre Dufour, Traitez nouveaux et curieux du café, du thé et du chocolate. Lugduni: J. Girin, B. Riviere Textus Editio 1693
1687 : Nicolas de Blegny, Le Bon Usage du thé, du caffé, et du chocolat. Lugduni: T. Amaulry Textus
1689 : Strozae carmen "De mentis potu, sive De cocolatis opificio" in libro Poemata varia (Cŏcŏlātes -is m., cacaum -i n.)
1704 : Ioannes Iacobus Mangetus, Bibliotheca Pharmaceutico-Medica ("Allata ex America in Europam Chocolata, usus illius in Hispania ita invaluit, ut carere extrema putetur miseria)
1722 : Ioannes Franciscus Ulpius, "De Chocolata" (Haec ad delicias nostrisque ad gaudia gustus / venit ab occiduis usque petita plagis. / Ut patuit primum coepit Chocolata vocari / Et simili semper nomine gaudet adhuc.)

De origine et archaeologia

Si plus cognoscere vis, vide etiam Theobroma cacao#Bibliographia.

De historia

Almond, Steve (2004). Candyfreak: A Journey Through the Chocolate Underbelly of America. Algonquin Books. ISBN 1-56512-421-9
Edmund Valentine Campos, "Thomas Gage and the English Colonial Encounter with Chocolate" in Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies vol. 39 (2009) pp. 183–200
Coe, Sophie D., Michael D. Coe. 1996. The True History of Chocolate. Londinii: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-01693-3
Meredith L. Dreiss, Sharon Greenhill. 2008. Chocolate: Pathway to the Gods. University of Arizona Press. ISBN 9780816524648 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
Grivetti, Louis E., Howard-Yana Shapiro, edd. 2009. Chocolate: History, Culture, and Heritage. Wiley.
McNeil, Cameron L., ed. 2006. Chocolate in Mesoamerica: a cultural history of cacao. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
Norton, Marcy. 2008. Sacred Gifts, Profane Pleasures: A History of Tobacco and Chocolate in the Atlantic World. Cornell University Press.
Rosenblum, Mort. 2006. Chocolate: A Bittersweet Saga of Dark and Light. North Point Press. ISBN 978-0-86547-730-8
Young, Allen M. 2007. The Chocolate Tree: A Natural History of Cacao. University Press of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-3044-9
Sonia Zarrill et al., "The use and domestication of Theobroma cacao during the mid-Holocene in the upper Amazon" in Nature: Ecology & Evolution (Octobri 2018)

De commercio et usu

Off, Carol (2008). Bitter Chocolate: The Dark Side of the World's Most Seductive Sweet. New Press. ISBN 978-1-59558-330-7
Ryan, Órla. 2011. Chocolate Nations: Living and Dying for Cocoa in West Africa. Zed Books. ISBN 978-1-84813-005-0

De nutritione et medicina

Franz H. Messerli, "Chocolate Consumption, Cognitive Function, and Nobel Laureates" in New England Journal of Medicine (10 Octobris 2012)
Astrid Nehlig, "The neuroprotective effects of cocoa flavanol and its influence on cognitive performance" in British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology vol. 75 (2013) pp. 716–727
Gordon Parker et al., "Mood state effects of chocolate" in Journal of Affective Disorders (2006)
Ronald Ross Watson, Victor R. Preedy, Sherma Zibadi, Chocolate in Health and Nutrition. Novi Eboraci: Humana Press, 2012 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
S. Y. Wong, P. L. Lua, "Effects of Dark Chocolate Consumption on Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms and Health-related Quality of Life Status among Cancer Patients" in Health and the Environment Journal vol. 3 (2012) pp. 27-35

Nexus interni

Nexus externi

Tria praecipua socolatae genera: lactea, obscura vel amara et alba.

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad socolatam spectant.

"Early editions 1550-1800" apud Cacaosophy
David Stuart, "The Chocolatier’s Dog" (2014) at Maya Decipherment: monthly archives

[1] Ebbe Vilborg, Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok, editio secunda, 2009. Vide etiam: Francisca Deraedt, "Socolata, num sit salubris", in Melissa 123 (2004): 4–5.

[Castelli1713-2] Castelli, B. & Bruno, J.P. Lexicon medicum Graeco-Latinum (Lipsiae: F. Thomas, 1713); Hermann Menge, Langenscheidt Taschenwörterbuch Latein: Lateinisch–Deutsch, Deutsch–Lateinisch (Berolini: Langenscheidt, 2006. ISBN 3-468-11201-7). Aliis orthographiis "schocolata" (Langenscheidt), "chocolate, succolata" (Castelli). Vide insuper disputationem nostram

[1]

[2]

@@ Linea 1: / Linea 1: @@
 [[Fasciculus:Mujer vertiendo chocolate - Codex Tudela.jpg|thumb|Mulier Azteca socolatam transfundit. [[Codex Tudela]] ([[Museum Americae (Matritum)|Museum Americae]] [[Matritum|Matritense]])]]
+{{Valor nutritivus
-{{nutritionalvalue
-| name=Socolata nigra (70%-85% solidis cacao)
+| name=Socolata nigra solida (70%-85% solidis cacao)
 | kJ=598
 | protein=7.79 g
@@ Linea 54: / Linea 54: @@
 [[Fasciculus:The Indian nectar.jpg|thumb|Henrici Stubbe ''[[The Indian Nectar]]'' anno [[1662]] divulgatum]]
 ; Fontes antiquiores
+* 1516 : [[Petrus Martyr Anglerius|Petri Martyris]] ''Decades de Orbe Novo'' p. 348 ("Cacai arbores ex quibus moneta fit" in indice)
 * circa 1540 : [[Toribius Motolinia]], ''[[Historia de los Indios de la Nueva España]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/historiadelosind00moto#page/192/mode/2up pp. 193-194 editionis 1914] etc.
 * ante 1542 : ''[[Codex Mendoza]]'' (liber pictus, c. 1534/1542) ff. 19r, 68r etc.; cf. Frances Berdan, Patricia Anawalt, ''The Essential Codex Mendoza'' (Berkeleiae, 1997) pp. 32-33, 218-219 etc.
@@ Linea 60: / Linea 61: @@
 * ante 1585 : <span id="Sahagún (ante 1585)"></span>[[Bernardinus de Sahagun]], ''[[Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España]]'' (manuscriptum, ante 1585) lib. 10 f. 71v [https://www.wdl.org/es/item/10621/ textus]
 * 1590 : [[Iosephus de Acosta|José de Acosta]], ''[[Historia natural y moral delas Indias]]'' (Sevilla) [https://archive.org/stream/historianaturaly00acos_2#page/250/mode/2up pp. 250-253]; ''The naturall and moral historie of the East and West Indies'' (Londinii, 1604) [https://archive.org/stream/naturallmoralhis00acos#page/n297/mode/2up pp. 270-273]
+* 1605 : [[Carolus Clusius Atrebas|Clusii]] ''Exoticorum Libri Decem'', lib. II, cap. 28 "''Cacao fructus''" ("Cacao, cacavate -is")
 * 1609 : Juan Barrios, ''Libro en el cual se trata del chocolate''. Mexicopoli (citatio verificanda)
 * 1618 : Bartolomé Marradón, ''Diálogos del uso del tabaco y los daños que causa ... y del chocolate y otras bebidas''. Sevilla: Gabriel Ramos [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31822031019177;view=1up;seq=65 Versio Francogallica imperfecta, 1643]
 * 1624 : Santiago Valverde Turices, ''Un Discurso del chocolate''. Seville (citatio verificanda)
 * 1636 : Antonio de León Pinelo, ''Question moral si el chocolate quebranta el ayuno eclesiástico''. Matriti [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009285452 Textus]
-* 1631 : [[Antonius Colmenero de Ledesma]], ''Curioso tratado de la naturaleza y calidad del chocolate''. Matriti {{Google Books|1vhmAAAAcAAJ}}; Diego de Vades-forte [i.e. John Wadsworth], interpr., ''A curious treatise of the nature and quality of chocolate''. Londinii: J. Okes, 1640 [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A19160.0001.001?view=toc Textus] {{Google Books|UWRpAAAAcAAJ}}; René Moreau, interpr., ''Du chocolate: discours curieux''. Parisiis: Sebastien Cramoisy, 1643 [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010746929 textus]; Marcus Aurelius Severinus Tarsensis, interpr., ''Chocolata inda: opusculum de qualitate et natura chocolatae''. Sevilla, 1644 [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009281759 textus]
+* 1631 : [[Antonius Colmenero de Ledesma]], ''Curioso tratado de la naturaleza y calidad del chocolate''. Matriti {{Google Books|1vhmAAAAcAAJ}}; Diego de Vades-forte [i.e. John Wadsworth], interpr., ''A curious treatise of the nature and quality of chocolate''. Londinii: J. Okes, 1640 [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A19160.0001.001?view=toc Textus] {{Google Books|UWRpAAAAcAAJ}}; René Moreau, interpr., ''Du chocolate: discours curieux''. Parisiis: Sebastien Cramoisy, 1643 [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010746929 textus]; Marcus Aurelius Severinus Tarsensis, interpr., ''Chocolata inda: opusculum de qualitate et natura chocolatae''. Sevilla, 1644 [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009281759 textus] [https://archive.org/details/chocolataindaopu00colm/page/n6 alibi]
 * 1648 : [[Thomas Gage]], ''A New survey of the West India's: or, The English American his Travails by Sea and Land''. Londinii: John Sweeting (ed. Thompson (1958) p. 145)
 * 1652 : James Wadsworth, ''Chocolate: or, An Indian Drinke''. Londinii: John Dakins, 1652
@@ Linea 70: / Linea 72: @@
 * 1661 : Simon Paulli (titulus verificandus); Robert James, interpr., ''A Treatise on Tobacco, Coffee, Tea, and Chocolate''. Londinii: T. Osborne, 1746
 * 1662 : [[Henricus Stubbe|Henry Stubbe]], ''[[The Indian Nectar]], or a Discourse Concerning Chocolata''. Londinii [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A61881.0001.001?view=toc Textus]
+* 1664 : [[Franciscus Maria Brancatius|Cardinalis Brancatii]] ''[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31822031022437;view=1up;seq=7 De '''Chocolatis''' Potu Diatribe]'' ''(vide etiam duo poemata in fine libri, ubi etiam invenitur e.g. ''IN LAVDEM POTIONIS '''Chocolaticæ'''''.)
 * 1671 : Philippe Sylvestre Dufour, ''De l'Usage du caphé, du thé, et du chocolate''. Lugduni: J. Girin, B. Riviere {{Google Books|Ed0EPN_iakUC}}; John Chamberlayne, interpr., ''The Manner of Making Coffee, Tea, and Chocolate, as it is Used in Most Parts of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America''. Londinii: Christopher Wilkinson, 1685
 * 1672 : William Hughes, ''The American Physitian, or, A Treatise of the Roots, Plants, Trees, Shrubs, Fruit, Herbs, &c. Growing in the English Plantations in America''. Londinii: William Crook
@@ Linea 75: / Linea 78: @@
 * 1685 : Philippe Sylvestre Dufour, ''Traitez nouveaux et curieux du café, du thé et du chocolate''. Lugduni: J. Girin, B. Riviere [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_XDU97KHMFu4C Textus] [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009349246 Editio 1693]
 * 1687 : Nicolas de Blegny, ''Le Bon Usage du thé, du caffé, et du chocolat''. Lugduni: T. Amaulry [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009281765 Textus]
+* 1689 : [[Thomas Stroza|Strozae]] carmen "De mentis potu, sive De cocolatis opificio" in libro ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ek0sAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false Poemata varia]'' ('''Cŏcŏlātes''' ''-is m.'', '''cacaum''' ''-i n.'')
 * 1704 : [[Ioannes Iacobus Mangetus]], [http://books.google.com/books?id=ihfSWRCAaWkC&lpg=PA443&ots=eCZr5ofBX_&dq=%22mangeti%22%20chocolata&pg=PA443#v=onepage&q=chocolata&f=false ''Bibliotheca Pharmaceutico-Medica''] ("Allata ex America in Europam Chocolata, usus illius in Hispania ita invaluit, ut carere extrema putetur miseria)
 * 1722 : [[Ioannes Franciscus Ulpius]], "De Chocolata" (Haec ad delicias nostrisque ad gaudia gustus / venit ab occiduis usque petita plagis. / Ut patuit primum coepit ''Chocolata'' vocari / Et simili semper nomine gaudet adhuc.)
@@ Linea 120: / Linea 124: @@
 [[Categoria:Socolata|!]]
 {{1000 paginae}}