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Emendatio ex 20:49, 29 Iunii 2020

Cave: notitiae huius paginae nec praescriptiones nec consilia medica sunt.

COVID-19^[1] sive morbus coronarii viri anni 2019^[2] est morbus contagiosus, propagatus contagione viri SARS-CoV-2 causa, imprimis systema respiratorium atque renes afficiens cum periculis pneumoniae, insufficientiae renalis et meningitis. Imprimis senibus velut iam aegrotis morbus COVID-19 onera periculosiora imponit.

Transmissio virorum propinquitate hominibus iam COVID-19 aegrotis emanet, qua guttulae respiratoriae ab hominibus tussientibus ad alios transferantur^[3].

Tempus incubationis, ab contagione ad symptomata prima, est circiter quinque (2-14) dies^[4]. Symptomata sunt febris, tussis cum dyspnoea; rarius dolor in faucibus, rhinorrhoea, sternumentum observantur^[5]. Pericula augescunt tum morbis respiratoriis (ut asthmate bronchiali), prae functionibus systematis immunitatis deminutis), cum morbis cardiovascularibus (ut atherosclerosi). Generatim COVID-19 ingravescit quotiens accidit una cum morbis inflammationis systemicae afferentibus.

Adhuc vaccinum abest, quamquam possibilia medicamenta investigantur. Fabricatio medicamentorum utilium ad morbum sanandum exspectatur, donec providentur omnes rationes ad morbum vitandum (e.g. insulatio, una cum omnium publicorum, ac privatorum conventuum prohibitione), et per levamenta ac respiratra electronica tractantur sola huius morbi symptomata (e.g. febris, tussis, spirandi impedimentum).

Hygiene maximum momentum ad praeventionem habet. Ordo mundi sanitarius providentia lavationes manus frequentiores, distantiam plus quam 1 m (3 ft.) ab hominibus (tussientis cum febre) suspicatis, deviationem oculos, nasum, os tangendi, et hygienen respiratoriam commendat.

Pericula contagionis iam mature, finibus mensis Decembris 2019, ab ophthalmologo Sinico Li Wenliang cognita sunt. Ordo mundi sanitarius die 31 Decembris 2019 nuntiavit eruptionem, quae deinde epidemia, ab die 11 Martii 2020 denique pandemia SARS-CoV-2 annorum 2019–2020^[6] concepta est.

Virus SARS-CoV-2

Conferatur pagina principalis SARS-CoV-2.

SARS-CoV-2, vulgo coronavirus novum, est virus biologicum cum ARN substantia genetica. In virologia, ut influenza A virus, phylo negarnaviricotorum attributum est. Superficie eius permultae spinae locatae sunt. Licet, ut non solum virus SARS-CoV-1^[7], sed etiam SARS-CoV-2 spinis his^[8] enzymum angiotensinum convertens 2 attingant. Adhuc duo typi SARS-CoV-2, L et S nominati, noti sunt.

Natura COVID-19

Periodus incubationis

Tempus inter contagionem et symptomata prima circicter quinque dies, plerumque inter duo dies et hebdomades duas, rarius ad viginti quattuor dies^[9] complectitur.

Symptomata

Primum febris, fatigatio, et tussis sicca oriuntur, non raro una cum myalgia (dolor musculorum) corporis generali. Postea pneumonia (inflammatio pulmonum vel partium illorum) observari potest.

Diagnosis

Criteria diagnosin confirmandi (OMS)

Ad diagnosin confirmandam Ordo mundi sanitarius (OMS) definitiones casuum suspecti, probabilis, confirmati divulgavit:

Casus suspectus

Insanitas respiratoria acuta (febre, tussi, dyspnoea) una cum historia proficiscendi in regionem cum hominibus contagiosis COVID-19 intra 14 dies antecedentes vel
Insanitas respiratoria acuta una cum aliquo nexu hominis contagiosi COVID-19 intra 14 dies antecedentes vel
Insanitas respiratoria acuta (febre, tussi, dyspnoea atque in nosocomio capto) sine nulla diagnose, quae symptomata plane explicat.

Casus probabilis

Examen laboratorii medici incertum restat vel
Casus suspectus, quo examen laboratorii aliis causis applicitum est.

Casus confirmatus

Adest confirmatio laboratorii contagionis COVID-19
Non valent symptomata vel signa clinica

Examen radiologicum pulmonum

Imagio radiologica (CT) pneumoniae bilateralis per COVID-19 contractae.

Examen radiologicum per CT factum, saepe opacitates bilaterales ostendit. Imprimis partes pulmonum periphericae et posteriores affectae videntur^[10].

Differentia

Differentia inter COVID-19, influentiam, et gravedinem:

Symptomata	COVID-19	Influentia	Gravedo
Capitis dolor	nonnumquam	saepe	raro
Diarrhoea	rarius	nonnumquam (infantibus)	raro
Dyspnoea	nonnumquam	non	non
Fatigatio	nonnumquam	saepe	nonnumquam
Febris	saepe	saepe	raro
Myalgia	nonnumquam	saepe	saepe
Rhinitis	raro	nonnumquam	saepe
Sternumentum	non	non	saepe
Tussis	saepe (sicca)	saepe (sicca)	leniter

Tractatio

Adhuc therapia ignota est, nunc etiam vaccinum abest. Conata sunt medicamenta ut Hydroxychloroquinum^[11], Lopinavirum/Ritonavirum ^[12], inhibitores nucleotidorum^[13].

Cum insufficientia respiratoria liquida diligenter applicanda sint, quare oneratio erythrocytorum oxygenio minuatur. Saturatio oxygenii peripherica (SpO₂) in sanguine supra 90% metienda sit. Cum hypoxaemia graviore (pressione partialis arteriali oxygenii PaO₂ sub normalem) mature intubatio trachealis et ventilatio mechanica commendantur.

Providentia

OMS suadet^[14]:

manus frequenter et diligenter lavari alcoholo vel sapone cum aqua.
distantiam plus quam 1 m (3 ft) ab homine contagionis suspecto sustineri
devitationem oculos^[15] (tropismus ocularis^[16]), nasum, os tangendi
hygienen "respiratoriam", quia guttae virus divulgant. Qui tussit sternuitve, os et nasum tegito, ne vira sublime volent.

Notae

↑ Nominatio ab Ordine mundi sanitario die 11 Februarii 2020 facta.
↑ Haec appellatio a Vicipaediano e lingua indigena in sermonem Latinum conversa est. Extra Vicipaediam huius locutionis testificatio vix inveniri potest.
↑ Ordo mundi sanitarius: [https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses Quaestiones responsaque de coronaviris}. (Anglice)
↑ Li Q., Guan X., Wu P., Wang X., Zhou L., Tong Y., Ren R., Leung K. S. M., Lau E. H. Y., Wong J. Y. (Ian 2020). "Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia". New England Journal of Medicine: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001316
↑ Huang C., Wang Y., Li X., Ren L., Zhao J., Hu Y., Zhang L., Fan G., Xu J., et al. (Feb 2020). "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China". Lancet 395 (10223): 497-506
↑ Oratio directoris Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesi de pandemia (die 11 Martii 2020).
↑ Li W., Moore M. J., Vasilieva N., Sui J., Wong S. K., Berne M. A., Somasundaran M., Sullivan J. L., Luzuriaga K., Greenough T. C., Choe H., Farzan M. (Nov 2003). "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus". Nature 426 (6965): 450-4
↑ Xu X., Chen P., Wang J., Feng J., Zhou H., Li X., Zhong W., Hao P. (Mar 2020). "Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission". Science China. Life sciences. 63 (3): 457-60
↑ Bai Y., Yao L., Wei T., Tian F., Jin D. Y., Chen L., Wang M. (Feb 2020). "Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission of COVID-19". JAMA: 10.1001/jama.2020.2565
↑ Salehi S., Abedi A., Balakrishnan S., Gholamrezanezhad A. (2020 2020). "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Imaging Findings in 919 Patients". American journal of roentgenology 14: 1-7
↑ Gautret P., Lagier J. C., Parola P., Hoang V. T., Meddeb L., Mailhe M., Doudier B., Courjon J., Giordanengo V., et al. (Mar 2020). "Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical Trial". International journal of antimicrobial agents: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949
↑ Cao B., Wang Y., Wen D., Liu W., Wang J., Fan G., Ruan L., Song B., et al. (Mar 2020). "A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19". New England Journal of Medicine: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001282
↑ Elfiky A. A. (May 2020). "Anti-HCV, nucleotide inhibitors, repurposing against COVID-19". Life sciences 284: 117477
↑ Commendationes hygienes Generales contra contagionem.
↑ Lu C. W., Liu X. F., Jia Z. F. (Feb 2020). "2019-nCoV transmission through the ocular surface must not be ignored". Lancet 395 (10224): e39
↑ Belser J. A., Rota P. A., Tumpey T. M. (Mar 2013). "Ocular tropism of respiratory viruses". Microbiology and molecular biology reviews 77 (1): 144-154

Nexus interni

Nexus externi

Ordo mundi sanitarius

[1] Nominatio ab Ordine mundi sanitario die 11 Februarii 2020 facta.

[2] Haec appellatio a Vicipaediano e lingua indigena in sermonem Latinum conversa est. Extra Vicipaediam huius locutionis testificatio vix inveniri potest.

[3] Ordo mundi sanitarius: [https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses Quaestiones responsaque de coronaviris}. (Anglice)

[4] Li Q., Guan X., Wu P., Wang X., Zhou L., Tong Y., Ren R., Leung K. S. M., Lau E. H. Y., Wong J. Y. (Ian 2020). "Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia". New England Journal of Medicine: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001316

[5] Huang C., Wang Y., Li X., Ren L., Zhao J., Hu Y., Zhang L., Fan G., Xu J., et al. (Feb 2020). "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China". Lancet 395 (10223): 497-506

[6] Oratio directoris Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesi de pandemia (die 11 Martii 2020).

[7] Li W., Moore M. J., Vasilieva N., Sui J., Wong S. K., Berne M. A., Somasundaran M., Sullivan J. L., Luzuriaga K., Greenough T. C., Choe H., Farzan M. (Nov 2003). "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus". Nature 426 (6965): 450-4

[8] Xu X., Chen P., Wang J., Feng J., Zhou H., Li X., Zhong W., Hao P. (Mar 2020). "Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission". Science China. Life sciences. 63 (3): 457-60

[9] Bai Y., Yao L., Wei T., Tian F., Jin D. Y., Chen L., Wang M. (Feb 2020). "Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission of COVID-19". JAMA: 10.1001/jama.2020.2565

[10] Salehi S., Abedi A., Balakrishnan S., Gholamrezanezhad A. (2020 2020). "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Imaging Findings in 919 Patients". American journal of roentgenology 14: 1-7

[11] Gautret P., Lagier J. C., Parola P., Hoang V. T., Meddeb L., Mailhe M., Doudier B., Courjon J., Giordanengo V., et al. (Mar 2020). "Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical Trial". International journal of antimicrobial agents: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949

[12] Cao B., Wang Y., Wen D., Liu W., Wang J., Fan G., Ruan L., Song B., et al. (Mar 2020). "A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19". New England Journal of Medicine: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001282

[13] Elfiky A. A. (May 2020). "Anti-HCV, nucleotide inhibitors, repurposing against COVID-19". Life sciences 284: 117477

[14] Commendationes hygienes Generales contra contagionem.

[15] Lu C. W., Liu X. F., Jia Z. F. (Feb 2020). "2019-nCoV transmission through the ocular surface must not be ignored". Lancet 395 (10224): e39

[16] Belser J. A., Rota P. A., Tumpey T. M. (Mar 2013). "Ocular tropism of respiratory viruses". Microbiology and molecular biology reviews 77 (1): 144-154

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@@ Linea 2: / Linea 2: @@
 [[Fasciculus:COVID-19 Outbreak World Map.svg|thumb|[[Carta geographica]] mundi de numero incolarum COVID-19 victimarum]]
 [[Fasciculus:"Cover Coughs, Cover Sneezes" - NARA - 514081.jpg|thumb|Quamquam imago haec ante tempus COVID-19 facta, informatio eius maximum momentum habet, quia morbus per tussem, sternumentum, appellare propagat.]]
-'''COVID-19'''<ref>Nominatio ab [[Ordo mundi sanitarius|Ordine mundi sanitario]] die [[11 Februarii]] [[2020]] facta.</ref> sive '''morbus coronaviri anni 2019'''{{convertimus}} est [[morbus]] contagiosus, propagatus [[contagio]]ne [[virus biologicum|viri]] ''[[SARS-CoV-2]]'' causa, imprimis [[systema respiratorium]] atque [[ren]]es afficiens cum periculis [[pneumonia]]e, [[insufficientia renalis|insufficientiae renalis]] et [[meningitis]]. Imprimis senibus velut iam aegrotis morbus COVID-19 onera periculosiora imponit.
+'''COVID-19'''<ref>Nominatio ab [[Ordo mundi sanitarius|Ordine mundi sanitario]] die [[11 Februarii]] [[2020]] facta.</ref> sive '''morbus coronarii viri anni 2019'''{{convertimus}} est [[morbus]] contagiosus, propagatus [[contagio]]ne [[virus biologicum|viri]] ''[[SARS-CoV-2]]'' causa, imprimis [[systema respiratorium]] atque [[ren]]es afficiens cum periculis [[pneumonia]]e, [[insufficientia renalis|insufficientiae renalis]] et [[meningitis]]. Imprimis senibus velut iam aegrotis morbus COVID-19 onera periculosiora imponit.
 Transmissio virorum propinquitate hominibus iam COVID-19 aegrotis emanet, qua guttulae respiratoriae ab hominibus tussientibus ad alios transferantur<ref>Ordo mundi sanitarius: [https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses Quaestiones responsaque de coronaviris}. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref>.