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Emendatio ex 22:03, 15 Septembris 2014
Neuropathia peripheralis (a Graeco neuro- + pathia) est damnum vel morbus nervos adficiens, qui sensus motum, functionem glandulae vel organi, vel alios salutis aspectus imminuere potest, secundum genus nervorum adfectum. Causae usitate sunt morbi systemici (sicut diabetes mellitus et lepra), defectus vitaminorum, medicamenta (e.g., chemiotherapia), noxa traumatica, nimia alcoholis consumptio, morbus systematis immunitatis, vel infectio, aut hereditate excipi potest (ortu praesens).[1][2][3] Vocabulum neuropathia sine mutatore neuropathiam perpheralem plerumque usu medico usitato significat.
Neuropathia quae solum unum nervum adficit mononeuropathia appellatur, et neuropathia quae multos nervos comprehendit in iisdem fere regionibus in ambobus corporis lateribus polyneuropathia symmetrica vel simpliciter polyneuropathia appellatur. Cum duo vel plures (usitate pauci, sed aliquando multi) nervi separati in variis corporis regionibus afficerentur, morbus mononeuritis multiplex, neuropathia multifocalis, vel mononeuropathy multiplex appellatur.[1][2][3]
Neuropathia peripheralis chronica aut acuta esse potest. Neuropathiae acutae diagnosim urgentem postulant. Nervi motorici (qui musculis moderantur), nervi sensorii, vel nervi autonomici (qui rationibus automatariis moderantur, sicut proportio cordis, temperatura corporis, et respiratio), adfici possunt. Plus quam unum nervorum genus eodem tempore adfici potest. Neuropathiae peripherales per genus nervorum praecipue adfectorum digeri possunt, vel per causam primam. Neuropathia ex causa ignota oriens idiopathica appellatur.[1][2][3]
Neuropathia spasmos dolorosos, fasciculationes (velicationes musculorum tenuium), damnum musculorum, degenerationem ossium, ac mutationes cutis, capillorum, et unguium efficere potest. Praeterea, neuropathia motorica aequilibrium et coniunctionem copulativam, vel saepissime debilitatem musculorum, imminuere potest; neuropathia sensoria efficere potest torporem tactus et vibratus, proprioceptionem imminutam (coordinationen et aequilibrium exilem efficientem), imminutam mutationis temperaturae et doloris sensibilitatem, formicationem automatam vel dolorem ardentem, vel allodyniam cutis; et ac neuropathia autonomica varia indicia efficere potest de glandulis et organis affectis dependens, sed indicia communia sunt exilis vesicae ordinatio, enormis sanguinis pressio vel pulsus proportio, et imminuta sudandi soliti facultas.[1][2][3]
Classificatio
Neuropathia peripheralis classificari potest per numerum et distributionem nervorum affectorum (mononeuropathia, mononeuritis multiplex, vel polyneuropathia), praevalens [[cellula|rum nervorum genus affectum (motoricum, sensorium, autonomicum), vel ratio quae nervos adficit; e.g., inflammatio (neuritis), compressio (neuropathia compressionis), chemotherapia (neuropathia peripheralis a chemotherapis inducta).
Neuritis
Neuritis est generale inflammationis nervorum nomen[4] vel generalis systematis nervosi perpheralis inflammatio. Signa de nervis implicatis dependent, sed comprehendere possunt dolorem, paraesthesiam, paresim, hypoesthesiam, anaesthesiam, paralysim, tabem, et exitum reflexuum?. Inter causas sunt:
- Iniuria corporea
- Infectio
- Herpes simplex
- Herpes zoster (etiam zona appellatus)
- Lepra
- Morbus Lymensis
- Vulnus chemicum
- Radiatio
- Status primi neuritem loci efficientes (unum nervum adficientes):
- Diphtheria
- Noxa loci
- Diabetes mellitus
- Condiciones primae polyneuritem efficientes:
- Defectus vitamini B1 (beriberi)
- Defectus vitamini B12
- Nimium vitamini B6[5]
- Morbi metabolici
- Diabetes mellitus
- Morbus celiacus?[6]
- Herpes zoster
- Hypothyroidismus
- Porphyria
- Infectiones, bacteriales et/aut virale
- Morbus autoimmunis, praecipue sclerosis multiplex et syndroma Guillain-Barrianum
- Cancer
- Alcoholismus
- Neuropathia sensoris migratoria Wartenbergiana
Inter genera neuritis sunt:
- Neuritis arsenici
- Neuritis brachialis
- Neuritis cranii, ut paralysis Belliana se saepe praebens
- Neuritis optica
- Neuritis vestibularis
- Polyneuritis vel neuritis multiplex (non confundenda cum sclerosi multiplice)
Notae
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Richard A. C. Hughes, "Clinical Review: Peripheral Neuropathy," British Medical Journal, 23 Februarii 2002, 324:466, doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7335.466
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Janet M. Torpy, Jennifer L. Kincaid, et Richard M. Glass, "Patient Page: Peripheral Neuropathy," Journal of the American Medical Association, 21 Aprilis 2010, 303(15). doi:10.1001/jama.303.15.1556 .
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 [http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/peripheralneuropathy/detail_peripheralneuropathy.htm Peripheral Neuropathy Fact Sheet (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 19 Septembris 2012).
- ↑ Formula:DorlandsDict.
- ↑ Rosenbloom, Mark; Tarabar, Asim; Adler, Robert A. "Vitamin Toxicity". Medscape Reference. Medscape.
- ↑ Chin, R. L., et N. Latov, "Peripheral Neuropathy and Celiac Disease," Current Treatment Options in Neurology, Ianuario 2005, 7(1):43–48. PMID 15610706. doi:10.1007/s11940-005-0005-3.
Bibliographia
- Bassetti, Claudio, et Marco Mumenthaler. 2012. Neurologische Differenzialdiagnostik: Neurologische Symptome und Zeichen richtig bewerten, abklären und einordnen. Georg Thieme Verlag. ISBN 3131577967.
- Committee on Standards and Practice Parameters, American Society of Anesthesiologists. 2011. Practice advisory for the prevention of perioperative peripheral neuropathies: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on prevention of perioperative peripheral neuropathies. Anesthesiology 114(4):1168–1182. PMID 10754638.
- Latov, Norman. 2007. Peripheral Neuropathy: When the Numbness, Weakness, and Pain Won't Stop. Novi Eboraci: American Academy of Neurology Press Demos Medical. ISBN 193260359X.