Tactus
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Tactus (-ūs, m.) est sensus, accuratius facultas somatosensoria, quem systema sensorium cutis invisibile parit. Tactus manus scripturam Braille et quadrum tactile communicare potest.
In corporis humani cute ad singulas qualitates contactuum percipiendas varia receptoria respondent.
Receptoria tactus
[recensere | fontem recensere]Haec sunt praecipua cutis mechanoreceptoria quae informationem tactilem signis electricis transmittunt:
- Corpusculum Pacinianum (corpusculum lamellosum)
- Corpusculum bulboideum (sec. Gulielmum Krause)
- Cellula Merkeliana
- Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme Ruffinianum
- Corpusculum Meissnerianum[1] (corpusculum tactus)
De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus
[recensere | fontem recensere]Axones afferentes neuronum primi ordinis vel primariorum, quorum corpora in ganglionibus spinalibus iacent, in medullam per radices dorsales intrant ubi plures ramos collaterales proiciunt. Axones ascendentes per columnas dorsales usque ad truncum cerebri pergunt. Ibi synapsem faciunt sive in nucleo gracili si ex inferiore parte corporis proveniunt, sive in nucleo cuneato si ex superiore parte. Deinde ad latus oppositum transeunt (decussatio) ita ut hemisphaerium dextrum informationes tactiles laevae corporis partis curet et vice versa. Illi axones secundi ordinis (secundarii) viam lemnisci medialis usque ad thalamum sequuntur. Ibi in nucleo ventroso posteriore laterali (VPL) synapsem faciunt cum nervis tertii ordinis qui informationem ad corticem somesthesicum vel somatosensorium adducunt (I gyrum postcentralem II prope scissuram Sylvii) ubi integratur.
In capite neuronum primariorum corpora in ganglione Gasseriano iacent. Inde informationem intra truncum ad complexum sensorium trigemini ducunt unde per lemniscum trigemini ad nucleum ventrosum posteriorem medium (VPM) thalami pervenit.
Cortex somesthesicus primarius in gyro postcentrali quattuor areas Brodmannianas comprehendit: 1, 2, 3a, 3b. Neurones secundum ordinem somatotopicum sese in corticem proiciunt (hoc est area quaedam corticis cuique membro respondet). In homunculo ita descripto manus cum digitis et os partem ingentem occupant cum volumine membrorum comparatam. Item apud mures vibrissae cetera membra in cortice somesthesico multo superant.
Cortex somesthesicus non tantum tactiles informationes stricto sensu tractat sed etiam informationes proprioceptivas e mechanoreceptoriis in articulis tendinibusque positis provenientes necnon nociceptivas (dolorem) et temperaturam aut pruritum.
Notae
[recensere | fontem recensere]- ↑ Cauna N., Ross L. L. (1960). "The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers". The journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology 8: 467–82
Plura legere si cupis
[recensere | fontem recensere]
- Victoria E. Abrairal, David D. Ginty. "The Sensory Neurons of Touch", Neuron, 2013: 618-639
- Ian Darian Smith, "Touch in Primates", Annual Review of Psychology, 1982: 155-194
- "The Sense of Touch: Performance and Peripheral Neural Processes", Comprehensive Physiology, 1984: 739-788
- Matthew J. Hertenstein & Sandra J. Weiss (curatores). The handbook of touch : neuroscience, behavioral, and health perspectives, Springer, 2011 Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum Recensio critica
- Roland S. Johansson & J. Randall Flanagan. "Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks", Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2009: 345–359
- Roland S. Johansson, Åke B. Vallbo. "Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand", Trends in Neurosciences, 1983: 27-32
- Kenneth Johnson, "Neural Basis of Haptic Perception" in Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology vol.1, 2002: 537-583
- Jon H. Kaas, "The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates", Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger, 1993: 509-518
- J. Kaas, C. Collins. "The organization of somatosensory cortex in anthropoid primates", Advances in neurology, 2003: 57-67
- Lederman, S.J., Klatzky, R.L. "Haptic perception: A tutorial", Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 2009: 1439–1459
- Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur, "Implications des différents types de fibres nerveuses dans la sensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique et conséquences sur la douleur neuropathique périphérique", Neurophysiologie Clinique, 2019: 257
- David J. Linden, Touch: The Science of the Hand, Heart, and Mind, Penguin, 2015 Nonnullae paginae apud Guiglum librorum
- Sanjeev S. Ranade, Ruhma Syeda, Ardem Patapoutian. "Mechanically Activated Ion Channels", Neuron, 2015: 1162-1179
- Sanjeev S. Ranade, Seung-Hyun Woo, Adrienne E. Dubin, et alii. "Piezo2 is the major transducer of mechanical forces for touch sensation in mice", Nature, 2014(516): 121-125
- Hannes P. Saal, Sliman J. Bensmaia. "Touch is a team effort: interplay of submodalities in cutaneous sensibility", Trends in Neurosciences, 2014: 689-697
Nexus externi
[recensere | fontem recensere]- Vicimedia communia plura habent quae ad tactum spectant
Nexus interni
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