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Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum

E Vicipaedia
Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum in horto botanico urbis Tucson Arizonae
Eudicotyledones 
Asteridae 
Ordo : Solanales 
Familia : Solanaceae 
Genus : Capsicum 
Species : Capsicum annuum 
Varietas : var. glabriusculum 
(Dunal)[1] Heiser & Pickersgill[2]
   

Chiltecpin est capsicorum varietas silvestris cui nomen botanicum Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum attribuitur. Fructus parvi rotundi humore calidissimi sunt (Sco. 70 000-75 000). In Mexico, Novo Mexico, Texia usitantur. Vulgo interdum chiltepin seu chile piquin nuncupantur, in Texia etiam malagueta sive amomo.

Varietas a Michaele Felice Dunal anno 1852 rite descripta est. Ille sub C. hispido ordinavit (specie a se primum nominata, hodie oblita).[1] Recentius Carolus Bixler Heiser cum discipula Barbara Pickersgill sub C. annuo posuerunt sicut varietas prisca speciei celebris quae in formis plurimis fere ubique colitur.[2]

Chiltecpin siccatum

Hanc varietatem, in Texia endemicam, Samuel Brown anno 1812 Thomae Ieffersonio misit,[3] qui eam anno insequenti apud villam suam Monticello coluit[4] amicisque Ioanni Shecut et Bernardo M'Mahon(en) transmisit.[5][6]

Mariscos al chiltepin (embractum e capsicis silvestribus) in provincia Tabasca inlatum

Samuel Brown fructus huius varietatis apud Hispanos indigenasque Texanos tantum usitatum esse "quantum sal apud Civitatum Foederatarum incolas".[3] Usum medicinalem contra morbum digestivum relatum est.[5] Saeculo XIX hi fructus in Texia et Novo Mexico ad capsicum e carne aliaque tamalium farcimina temperanda adhibebantur.[7]

Primae descriptiones

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Bartholomeus Casaus primus omnium linguis Europaeis scribentium varietatem silvestrem Capsici anno circiter 1536 rettulit: "tertia species minutissima est sicut piper nobis cognitum: haec species omnino silvestris est ut quae in montibus a nemine sata nascatur" (La tercera es menudita como la pimienta que conoscemos, y ésta es toda silvestre que nasce sin sembralla en los montes).[8] Franciscus Hernandez, medicus Hispanus in Mexico versatus, talia inter varietatum enumerationes scripsit:

Secundum genus chiltecpin dictum, a culicibus [sed re vera a pulicibus] quos parvitate et colore videntur imitari, ab aliis vocatur totocuitlatl, quod est passerinum stercus, ob parvitatem et colorem, ab Haitinis vero (ut audio) huarahuae. Quod licet aliquando videatur praedicto virentius, citius tamen colorem amittit. At tres videas huius generis differentias natali solum loco, et tempore quo leguntur, distinctas. Prior vulgaris est, altera priori similis, sed solis ratione in atrum inclinans colorem, atque ideo dicta tlalchilli, quod est chilli nigrum. Tertia demum minor est omnibus, et post praecedentem fructum media. Omnes enim huius plantae species triferae apud Indos [scil. Americanos] sunt. Primus fructus maior est, postremus minimus, et natu medius mediocris quoque est magnitudinis. Seritur Septembris mense, et à Decembri ad Kalendas usque Aprilis colligitur.[9]

Usus culinarius

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Ignatius Pfefferkorn primus recentiorum de hac varietate silvatica scripsit:

Wilder Pfeffer. Auf vielen Bergen wächst eine Art von wildem Pfeffer, den die Einwohner Tschiltipin nennen. Er wächset an einem etwa Ehlen hohen und dichten Gesträuche; gleichet an Gestalt und Größe den dicken Wachholder-Beeren, ausgenommen, daß er, wenn er zeitig ist, nicht schwarz, sondern, wie der spanische Pfeffer, ganz roth ist. Er übertrift selben noch an beißender Schärfe: dannoch ist er den amerikanischen Zungen ein Manna; und wird bei allen Speisen gebraucht, womit er sich immer vertragen kann. Man sezt ihn ungestoßen in einem Salzfasse auf den Tisch; und jeder Liebhaber nimmt so viel davon, als er glaubet bestreiten zu können. Er zerreibet ihn mit den fingern, und mischt ihn unter die Speisen. In der Suppe, bei gekochten Erbsen, Linsen, Bohnen, und dergleichen, wo der spanische Pfeffer keinen Platz findet, ist der Tschiltipin die beste Spezerei. Die Amerikaner schwören darauf, daß er ungemein gesund, und zur Beförderung der Verdauung sehr dienlich sey. Wer ihnen glaubt, daß der spanische Pfeffer kühl und erfrischend sei, wird ihnen dieses noch weniger in Zweifel ziehen.[10]

Die 13 Iunii 1813 Samuel Brown haec ad Ieffersonium de usu coquinario eiusdam varietatis talia scripsit:

Americani, qui hoc fructu uti didicerunt, condituram de siliquis viridibus e sale acetoque faciunt atque cum lactuca, oryza, piscibus, bubulae frustis, aliis ferculis fere omnibus. Amplum cocleare unum harum siliquarum saporem capsici gustu meo idoneum communicabit ad eam quantitatem aceti qua sex menses uti potero (The Americans who have learned to use it make a pickle of the green pods with salt and vinegar which they use with lettuce, rice, fish, beefstake and almost every other dish. A single table spoonful will communicate, to as much vinegar as I can use in six months, as strong a taste of capsicum as I find agreeable).[11]

Recenter Iacobus Campbell praeceptum embammatis de fructubus huius varietatis e suco lumiarum confecti scripsit.[12]

Notae

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dunal (1852)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Heiser et Pickersgill (1975)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Mr Poindexter has obligingly offered to carry you ... a species of Capsicum indigenous in the provence of Taxas ... It grows in very great abundance in the prairies west of the Sabine ... it is with the Spaniards and Savages an article in as great use as common salt is among the inhabitants of the U. S. ... The roots are perennial and in your climate would only require protection from the most severe frost: Ieffersonius ed. Betts p. 490, cf. p. 514. De Samuele Brown; item
  4. ↑ They were exactly in time for sowing ... I dibbled them however in a pot to give them their best chance. As being the production of a more northerly climate than those we cultivate I am in hopes they will be hardier, and, if so, more valuable: Ieffersonius ed. Betts p. 508, cf. p. 522
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 ... a little of the fruit of a Capsicum I have just received from the province of Texas, where it is indigenous and perennial, and is used as freely as salt by the inhabitants. It is new to me. It differs from your Capsicum Minimum in being perennial and probably hardier; perhaps, too, in it's size, which would claim the term of Minutissimum. This stimulant being found salutary in a visceral complaint known on the seacoast, the introduction of a hardier variety may be of value: Ieffersonius ed. Betts p. 516, cf. pp. 515, 518. De Ioanne Shecut
  6. ↑ The other kinds cultivated with us, coming from still warmer climates, are difficult of cultivation. My expectation is that this, being indigenous so much nearer our latitudes, may be easier raised ... I have sowed a few seeds in a pot, and reserve others for the spring; they will be more likely however to be preserved in your hands: Jefferson to ad McMahon, 15 Iunii 1813, in J. Jefferson Looney, ed., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Retirement Series vol. 6 (Princetoniae: Princeton University Press, 2009) pp. 195–196
  7. ↑ Tolbert (1972)
  8. ↑ Las Casas (c. 1536)
  9. ↑ Recchus (ante 1595)
  10. ↑ Pfefferkorn (1794); cf. Ignaz Pfefferkorn; Theodore E. Treutlein, interpr., Sonora: a description of the province (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1990) p. 50
  11. ↑ Ieffersonius ed. Betts; Dalby (2022) p. 102
  12. ↑ James D. Campbell, Mr Chilehead: adventures in the taste of pain (Toronti: ECW Press, 2003) p. 43

Bibliographia

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Fontes antiquiores
Eruditio

Nexus externi

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