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[[Fasciculus:Chattalpalli Durga mandap at Deganga.jpg|thumb|[[Durga Puja|Durga]][[mandapa|mandap]] perenne ad Chattalpalli et [[pandal]] ad tempus a fronte. Aditus ad locum a [[Musulmanus|Musulmanis]] effodiebatur ad ingressionem [[Hinduismus|Hinduorum]] prohibendam.]] |
[[Fasciculus:Chattalpalli Durga mandap at Deganga.jpg|thumb|[[Durga Puja|Durga]][[mandapa|mandap]] perenne ad Chattalpalli et [[pandal]] ad tempus a fronte. Aditus ad locum a [[Musulmanus|Musulmanis]] effodiebatur ad ingressionem [[Hinduismus|Hinduorum]] prohibendam.]] |
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'''Iconoclasmus'''<ref>Ad verbum, 'fractio imaginum' (a [[Graeco]] εἰκών + κλάω = εἰκοκλάστης). [[Vocabulum]] autem Graecum quod ''iconoclasmo'' congruit est εἰκονοκλασία.</ref> est exitium [[icon]]um [[religio]]sarum et aliarum [[imago|imaginum]] vel [[monumentum|monumentorum]] ob rationes religiosas vel [[civilitas|civiles]]. [[Vocabulum]], plerumque formam [[nomen adiectivum|adiectivi]] habens, tandem hostilia dicta vel facta contra [[status quo|statum quo]] bene constitutum atttingere coepit. Iconoclasmus saepe pars est maiorum mutationum [[civilitas|civilium]] vel [[religio]]sarum; quod conceptum autem [[damnatio memoriae|damnationem memoriae]], praecipuum imaginum rectoris exitium post [[mors|mortem]] vel eversionem, usitate non amplectitur. Excidium iconum alius religionis a grege aliam religionem vel [[cultura]]m habente iconoclasmum plerumque non habetur. |
'''Iconoclasmus'''<ref>Ad verbum, 'fractio imaginum' (a [[Graeco]] εἰκών + κλάω = εἰκοκλάστης). [[Vocabulum]] autem Graecum quod ''iconoclasmo'' congruit est εἰκονοκλασία.</ref> est exitium [[icon]]um [[religio]]sarum et aliarum [[imago|imaginum]] vel [[monumentum|monumentorum]] ob rationes religiosas vel [[civilitas|civiles]]. [[Vocabulum]], plerumque formam [[nomen adiectivum|adiectivi]] habens, tandem hostilia dicta vel facta contra [[status quo|statum quo]] bene constitutum atttingere coepit. Iconoclasmus saepe pars est maiorum mutationum [[civilitas|civilium]] vel [[religio]]sarum; quod conceptum autem [[damnatio memoriae|damnationem memoriae]], praecipuum imaginum rectoris exitium post [[mors|mortem]] vel eversionem, usitate non amplectitur. Excidium iconum alius religionis a grege aliam religionem vel [[cultura]]m habente iconoclasmum plerumque non habetur. |
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==Christianitas tempore Reformationis== |
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[[Fasciculus:Beeldenstorm.jpg|thumb|Iconoclasmus in [[Nederlandia]] (1882).]] |
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Iconoclasmus [[saeculum 16|saeculi sexti decimi]] ad [[Reformatio]]nem secuta est. Iussu [[theologus|theologorum]] reformatorum ac magistratuum qui novam [[fides|fidem]] acceperant, imagines, [[sculptura]]e, vitrae imaginibus ornatae, et aliae [[pictura]]e [[Iesus|Iesum Christum]], [[Maria (mater Iesu)|Mariam]], vel [[Sancti|sanctos]] demonstrantes deletae, praeterea alia ecclesiarum artificia, [[vasa sacra]], et [[organum (instrumentum musicum)|organa]] ex ecclesiis amota sunt. Picturae artificiaque partim in manus privatorum venerunt, partim laesa vel destructa sunt. |
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Iconoclasmus in [[urbs|urbibus]] [[vicus|vicisque]] totius [[Europa]]e saeviebat, imprimis in [[Helvetia]], [[Sacrum Romanum Imperium|Sacro Romano Imperio]] (1522–1566), [[Scotia]] (1559), et [[Nederlandia]] (1566), postea etiam in [[Anglia]] (1642–1649), dum [[bellum civile]] furebat. |
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==Religio Islamica== |
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[[Alcoranus]] interdictum imaginum nescit; nihilominus, iam [[saeculum 8|saeculo octavo]] ineunte persuasio invenitur imagines ab hominibus fictas illicitas esse, quod solus [[Deus]] creator sit. Quaedam scholae iuris Islamici imagines Dei aut [[animal]]ium [[unitas|unitati]] Dei contradictoriae ducunt. Anno [[722]], [[calipha]] [[Yazîd II]] regnante, iconoclasmus facta est.<ref>Finster 2001.</ref> |
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==Videnda== |
==Videnda== |
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*Bevan, Robert. [[2006]]. ''The Destruction of Memory: Architecture at War.'' Reaktion Books. ISBN 9781861893192. |
*Bevan, Robert. [[2006]]. ''The Destruction of Memory: Architecture at War.'' Reaktion Books. ISBN 9781861893192. |
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*Boldrick, Stacy, Leslie Brubaker, et Richard Clay, eds. [[2014]]. ''Striking Images: Iconoclasms Past and Present.'' Ashgate. |
*Boldrick, Stacy, Leslie Brubaker, et Richard Clay, eds. [[2014]]. ''Striking Images: Iconoclasms Past and Present.'' Ashgate. |
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*Finster, Barbara. [[2001]]. Bilderverbot. In ''Kleines Islam-Lexikon: Geschichte - Alltag - Kultur,'' ed. Ralf Elger et Friederike Stolleis. Monaci: Beck. |
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*Freedberg, David. [[1977]]. The Structure of Byzantine and European Iconoclasm. In ''Iconoclasm: papers given at the ninth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, University of Birmingham,'' ed. Anthony Bryer et Judith Herrin, 165–177. University of Birmingham, Centre for Byzantine Studies. ISBN 9780704402263. [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/arthistory/faculty/Freedberg/Structure-byzantine-european-iconoclasm.pdf PDF.] |
*Freedberg, David. [[1977]]. The Structure of Byzantine and European Iconoclasm. In ''Iconoclasm: papers given at the ninth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, University of Birmingham,'' ed. Anthony Bryer et Judith Herrin, 165–177. University of Birmingham, Centre for Byzantine Studies. ISBN 9780704402263. [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/arthistory/faculty/Freedberg/Structure-byzantine-european-iconoclasm.pdf PDF.] |
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*Freedberg, David. [[1985]]. ''Iconoclasts and their Motives.'' Second Horst Gerson Memorial Lecture, University of Groningen. Gary Schwartz. ISBN 9789061790563. [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/arthistory/faculty/Freedberg/iconoclasts-and-their-motives.pdf PDF.] Reimpressus in ''Public'' (Toronti) 8:autumno. |
*Freedberg, David. [[1985]]. ''Iconoclasts and their Motives.'' Second Horst Gerson Memorial Lecture, University of Groningen. Gary Schwartz. ISBN 9789061790563. [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/arthistory/faculty/Freedberg/iconoclasts-and-their-motives.pdf PDF.] Reimpressus in ''Public'' (Toronti) 8:autumno. |
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Emendatio ex 15:47, 1 Decembris 2015
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Iconoclasmus[2] est exitium iconum religiosarum et aliarum imaginum vel monumentorum ob rationes religiosas vel civiles. Vocabulum, plerumque formam adiectivi habens, tandem hostilia dicta vel facta contra statum quo bene constitutum atttingere coepit. Iconoclasmus saepe pars est maiorum mutationum civilium vel religiosarum; quod conceptum autem damnationem memoriae, praecipuum imaginum rectoris exitium post mortem vel eversionem, usitate non amplectitur. Excidium iconum alius religionis a grege aliam religionem vel culturam habente iconoclasmum plerumque non habetur.
Christianitas tempore Reformationis
Iconoclasmus saeculi sexti decimi ad Reformationem secuta est. Iussu theologorum reformatorum ac magistratuum qui novam fidem acceperant, imagines, sculpturae, vitrae imaginibus ornatae, et aliae picturae Iesum Christum, Mariam, vel sanctos demonstrantes deletae, praeterea alia ecclesiarum artificia, vasa sacra, et organa ex ecclesiis amota sunt. Picturae artificiaque partim in manus privatorum venerunt, partim laesa vel destructa sunt.
Iconoclasmus in urbibus vicisque totius Europae saeviebat, imprimis in Helvetia, Sacro Romano Imperio (1522–1566), Scotia (1559), et Nederlandia (1566), postea etiam in Anglia (1642–1649), dum bellum civile furebat.
Religio Islamica
Alcoranus interdictum imaginum nescit; nihilominus, iam saeculo octavo ineunte persuasio invenitur imagines ab hominibus fictas illicitas esse, quod solus Deus creator sit. Quaedam scholae iuris Islamici imagines Dei aut animalium unitati Dei contradictoriae ducunt. Anno 722, calipha Yazîd II regnante, iconoclasmus facta est.[3]
Videnda
Notae
Legenda
Generalia
- Alloa, Emmanuel. 2013. Visual Studies in Byzantium. Journal of Visual Culture 12(1):3–29.
- Barasch, Moshe. 1992. Icon: Studies in the History of an Idea. University of New York Press. ISBN 0814711723.
- Besançon, Alain. 2009. The Forbidden Image: An Intellectual History of Iconoclasm. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226044149.
- Bevan, Robert. 2006. The Destruction of Memory: Architecture at War. Reaktion Books. ISBN 9781861893192.
- Boldrick, Stacy, Leslie Brubaker, et Richard Clay, eds. 2014. Striking Images: Iconoclasms Past and Present. Ashgate.
- Finster, Barbara. 2001. Bilderverbot. In Kleines Islam-Lexikon: Geschichte - Alltag - Kultur, ed. Ralf Elger et Friederike Stolleis. Monaci: Beck.
- Freedberg, David. 1977. The Structure of Byzantine and European Iconoclasm. In Iconoclasm: papers given at the ninth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, University of Birmingham, ed. Anthony Bryer et Judith Herrin, 165–177. University of Birmingham, Centre for Byzantine Studies. ISBN 9780704402263. PDF.
- Freedberg, David. 1985. Iconoclasts and their Motives. Second Horst Gerson Memorial Lecture, University of Groningen. Gary Schwartz. ISBN 9789061790563. PDF. Reimpressus in Public (Toronti) 8:autumno.
- Gamboni, Dario. 1997. The Destruction of Art: Iconoclasm and Vandalism since the French Revolution. Reaktion Books. ISBN 9781861893161.
- Goody, jack. 1997. Representations and Contradictions: Ambivalence Towards Images, Theatre, Fiction, Relics and Sexuality. Londinii: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 0631205268.
- Gwynn, David M. 2007. From Iconoclasm to Arianism: The Construction of Christian Tradition in the Iconoclast Controversy. Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 47:225–251.
- Ivanovic, Filip. 2010. Symbol and Icon: Dionysius the Areopagite and the Iconoclastic Crisis. Pickwick. ISBN 9781608993352.
- Karahan, Anne. 2014. Byzantine Iconoclasm: Ideology and Quest for Power. In Iconoclasm from Antiquity to Modernity, ed. K. Kolrud et M. Prusac, 75–94. Farnhamiae Surreiae: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 9781409470335.
- Lambourne, Nicola. 2001. War Damage in Western Europe: The Destruction of Historic Monuments during the Second World War. Edimburi: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0748612858.
- Skemp, Kerry. 2009. "Design as Social Agent at the ICA," Bostonist, 5 Aprilis.
- Teodoro lo Studita. 2013. Antirrheticus Adversus Iconomachos. Confutazioni contro gli avversari delle sante icone, ed. Antonio Calisi. Bari: Chàrisma Edizioni. ISBN 9788890855900.
- Velikov, Yuliyan (2011). Image of the Invisible. Image Veneration and Iconoclasm in the Eighth Century. Veliko Turnovo University Press. ISBN 9789545247798.
Iudaismus et Christianismus
- Lexikon der christlichen Ikonographie. 8 vol. Herder, Friburgi Brisgoviae 1994, ISBN 3451225689.
- Friedrich Christoph Schlosser: Geschichte der bilderstürmenden Kaiser des oströmischen Reichs. Mit einer Übersicht der Geschichte der frühern Regenten desselben. Varrentrapp, Francoforti 1812.
- Ign. Heinr. v. Wessenberg: Die christlichen Bilder, ein Beförderungsmittel des christlichen Sinnes. 2 vol. Wallis, Constantiae 1845.
- Claus Bachmann: Vom unsichtbaren zum gekreuzigten Gott. Die Karriere des biblischen Bilderverbots im Protestantismus, in: Zeitschrift für Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie Band 47 (2005), p.1-34.
- Clemens Lüdtke: Die Bilderverehrung und die bildlichen Darstellungen in den ersten christlichen Jahrhunderten. Eine dogmatische und kunstgeschichtliche Programm-Abhandlung. Herder, Friburgi Brisgoviae 1874.
- Christoph Dohmen: Das Bilderverbot. Seine Entstehung und seine Entwicklung im Alten Testament. 2. ed. Athenäum, Francoforti 1987, ISBN 3610091002 (Bonner biblische Beiträge 62), (Item: Bonnae, Univ., Diss., 1984/85).
- Michael J. Rainer, Hans-Gerd Janßen et al. (Ed.): Bilderverbot. Lit, Monasterii 1997, ISBN 3-8258-2795-X (Jahrbuch politische Theologie 2).
- Ingo Baldermann (Ed.): Die Macht der Bilder. Neukirchener Verlag, Neukirchen-Vluyn 1999, ISBN 3-7887-1685-1 (Jahrbuch für biblische Theologie 13).
- Kalman P. Bland: The Artless Jew. Medieval and Modern Affirmations and Denials of the Visual. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 2000, ISBN 0691010439.
- Jérôme Cottin: Le regard et la parole. Une théologie protestante de l'image. Labor et Fides, Genavae 1994.
- Eckhard Nordhofen (Ed.): Bilderverbot. Die Sichtbarkeit des Unsichtbaren. Schöningh, Paderbronnae et al. 2001, ISBN 3-506-73784-8.
- Günter Frankenberg, Peter Niesen (Ed.): Bilderverbot. Recht, Ethik und Ästhetik der öffentlichen Darstellung. Lit, Monasterii 2004 ISBN 3825869865 (Commentatio 5. Vol. 1).
- Tallay Ornan: The Triumph of the Symbol. Pictorial Representation of Deities in Mesopotamia and the Biblical Image Ban. Academic Press et al., Friburgi et al. 2005, ISBN 3727815191. Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis, 213.
- Matthias Krieg, Martin Rüsch, Johannes Stückelberger, Matthias Zeindler (Ed.): Das unsichtbare Bild. Zur Ästhetik des Bilderverbots. Theologischer Verlag, Turici 2005, ISBN 3290173658.
- Andreas Wagner et al. (Ed.): Gott im Wort – Gott im Bild. Bilderlosigkeit als Bedingung des Monotheismus? Neukirchener-Verlag, Neukirchen-Vluyn 2005, ISBN 3788721111.
- Jan Assmann: Was ist so schlimm an den Bildern? In: Bildersturm. Sammelband der Vorträge des „Studium Generale“ an der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg im Wintersemester 2003/2004. Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelbergae 2006, ISBN 3825351726, p. 117–133.
Islam
- Paret, Rudi. 1968. Das islamische Bilderverbot und die Schia. In: Festschrift Werner Caskel: Zum 70. Geburtstag, 5. März 1966, ed. Erwin Gräf. Lugduni: Brill 224–232.
- Paret, Rudi. 1981. Schriften zum Islam: Volksroman, Frauenfrage, Bilderverbot, ed. Josef van Ess. Stutgardiae: Kohlhammer. ISBN 3170059815.
Nexus externi
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Vide iconoclasmum in Victionario. |
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Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad iconoclasmum spectant (iconoclams, Iconoclasm). |
- Iconclasmus in Anglia, web.archive.org (Collegium Sanctae Crucis, Britanniarum Regnum)