Phytophaga

[[Fasciculus:

Communia Chrysomeloidea (laeva) et Curculionoidea (dextra)

|center|240px]]

Animalia — Arthropoda

Classis : Insecta
Ordo : Coleoptera
Subordo : Polyphaga
Infraordo : Cucujiformia

Subdivisiones: Superfamiliae

Phytophaga sunt cladus coleopterorum infraordinis Cucujiformium, quae in superfamiliis Chrysomeloideorum et Curculionoideorum consistunt, quae plantis proprie vescuntur et quorum tarsi sunt pseudotetramerosi vel cryptopentamerosi, ubi plerumque quartum segmentum tarsale a tertio segmento tarsali multum imminuitur vel celatur. Superfamilia Cucujioideorum est sororalis Phytophagorum grex.^[1]^[2] Nomen Phytophaga In aliquot litteris obsoletis solum ad Chrysomeloidea pertinebat.

Familiae inter Phytophaga

Phytophaga

Phylogenia phytophagorum.

Variatio specierum intra Phytophaga cum speciatione intra angiospermis consociare putatur. Usus plantarum consumendarum fortasse erat mutatio ab usibus sporarum microfungalium (in strobilis et cycadophilis) et plantarum saprotrophicarum.^[3] Phytophaga, inter quae digeruntur paene 125 000 species descriptae, sunt secunda a maxima insectorum stirpe post lepidoptera.^[4]

Nexus interni

↑ Zhang, Shao-Qian; Che, Li-Heng; Li, Yun; Dan Liang; Pang, Hong; Ślipiński, Adam; Zhang, Peng (2018). "Evolutionary history of Coleoptera revealed by extensive sampling of genes and species". Nature Communications 9 (1): 205 .
↑ Marvaldi, Adriana E.; Duckett, Catherine N.; Kjer, Karl M.; Gillespie, Joseph J. (2009). "Structural alignment of 18S and 28S rDNA sequences provides insights into phylogeny of Phytophaga (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea and Chrysomeloidea)". Zoologica Scripta 38: 63–77 .
↑ Farrell, B. D. (1998-07-24). ""Inordinate Fondness" Explained: Why Are There So Many Beetles?". Science 281 (5376): 555–59 .
↑ Haddad, Stephanie; McKenna, Duane D. (2016). "Phylogeny and evolution of the superfamily Chrysomeloidea (Coleoptera: Cucujiformia)". Systematic Entomology 41 (4): 697–716 .

Clark, Hamlet. 1866. A catalogue of Phytophaga. Londinii: Williams and Norgate.

Situs scientifici: • Encyclopedia of Life