Civilizatio

Novum Eboracum Urbs. Urbes sunt necessariae civilizationis humanae res.

Civilizatio, Latino recepto humanus cultus et simpliciter humanitas, est societas humana vel cultura, usitate societas multiplex, quae agricultura utitur et in qua homines se in oppidis et urbibus conlocant.

Historia

Verbum civilizationis in scriptura populare academicaque saepe est synonyma latioris termini culturae. Omnis homo est particeps culturae, quae in universum est "artes, consuetudines, usus, . . . opiniones, aestimationes, mores, et usus materiales qui populi modus vivendi componunt." Nihilominus, sensu latissimo, civilizatio est nomen multiplicis culturae agriculturalis et urbanae. Civilizationes possunt distingui secundum eorum gradum complexitatis temporationisque socialis, et eorum gradum diversitatis actionum oeconomicarum et culturalium.

Sensu vetere sed iam saepe adhibito, terminus civilizationis potest adhiberi causa existimationis: ubi culturae multiplices et urbanae habentur meliores aliis culturis, "feris" vel "barbariis," notio civilizationis adhibetur pro "superioritate culturali (et saepe ethica) quorumdam gregum." Similiter, verbum civilizationis potest significare "elegantiam mentis, modorum, vel iudicii."

Praehistoria

Lunatus fertilis

Mundus Vetus

• Sumer
• Orientalis Propincuus Antiquus
  • Aegyptus Antiqua
  • Mesopotamia / Sumer
  • Levant^? / Canaan
  • Elam
• Civilizatio Minoana
• Civilizatio Vallis Indi
• Armenia Praehistorica
• Aevum Helladicum
• Sina Antiqua
• Corea Antiqua

Mundus Novus

• Norte Chico, Caral, vel Caral-Supe Civilizatio
• Olmec
• Toltec
• Imperium Incanum
• Civilizatio Zapoteca

Antiquitas classicalis

Praesidium apud Archaeoropolin (Hispanice; Machu Picchu), aedificatum a Quechuis et appellatum "amissa Incarum urbs," factum est inclutissimum civilizationis Tavantinsuius signum.

Caral, Norte Chico, antiquissima civilizatio in Hemisphaera Occidentali.

• Mediterraneae Aevi Classicalis Civilizationes
  • Graecia Antiqua et Hellenicae civilizatio
  • Phoenicia
  • Imperium Romanum
  • Illyria
  • La Tène Celti
• Civilizationes Mediae Orientalis
  • Civilizatio Persica post Achaemenides
  • Templum Alterum Iudaismus
  • Civilizatio Phoeniciana
  • Islamica Civilizationes
  • Georgiana et Armeniana Civilizationes
• Hinduistica et Buddhistica Civilizationes
  • Mauryana et Post-Mauryana Indica Civilizatio
  • Imperium Guptanum in India Septentrionali
  • Imperium Cholanum in India Meridionali
  • Civilizationes Ceylon^? Antiquae
• Civilizationes Asiae Orientalis
  • Civilizatio Serica
  • Civilitatio Coreana
  • Civilizatio Vietnamiensis
  • Civilizatio Iaponiensis
• Civilizationes Asiae Meridionalis et Orientalis
  • Funan et Chen-la
  • Angkor Cambodiae
  • Srivijaya, Singhasari, et Majapahit
  • Burmana, Thailandiensis, et Laoana
• Civilizatio Mediae Asiae
  • Tibetana Civilizatio
  • Turkica et Mongoliensis Civilizationes
• Civilizationes Europaeae
  • Christianitas Occidentalis
  • Byzantium et Christianitas Orientalis
  • Russica Civilizatio
• Civilizationes Meso-Americanae
  • Azteca civilizatio
  • Civilizatio maiensis

Vide etiam

• Archaeologia
• Cultura
• Historia mundi
• Scala Kardashev

Bibliographia

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• Brinton, Crane, et al. 1984. A History of Civilization: Prehistory to 1715. Editio sexta. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-389866-0.
• Casson, Lionel. 1994. Ships and Seafaring in Ancient Times. Londinii: British Museum Press. ISBN 0-7141-1735-8.
• Chisholm, Jane, et Anne Millard. 1991. Early Civilization. Illustratus ab Ian Jackson. Londinii: Usborne. ISBN 1-58086-022-2.
• Collcutt, Martin, Marius Jansen, et Isao Kumakura. 1988. Cultural Atlas of Japan. Novi Eboraci: Facts on File. ISBN 0-8160-1927-4.
• Drews, Robert. 1993. The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe ca. 1200 B.C. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-04811-8.
• Edey, Maitland A. 1974. The Sea Traders. Novi Eboraci: Time-Life Books. ISBN 0-7054-0060-3.
• Fairservis, Walter A., Jr. 1975. The Threshold of Civilization: An Experiment in Prehistory. Novi Eboraci: Scribner. ISBN 0-684-12775-X.
• Fernández-Armesto, Felipe. 2000. Civilizations. Londinii: Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-90171-1.
• Ferrill, Arther. 1985. The Origins of War: From the Stone Age to Alexander the Great. Novi Eboraci: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-25093-6.
• Fitzgerald, C. P. 1969. The Horizon History of China. Novi Eboraci: American Heritage. ISBN 0-8281-0005-5.
• Freud, Sigmund. 1929 Das Unbehagen in der Kultur
• Fuller, J. F. C. 1954–1957. A Military History of the Western World. 3 vols. Novi Eboraci: Funk & Wagnalls.
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• Gowlett, John. 1984. Ascent to Civilization. Londinii: Collins. ISBN 0-00-217090-6.
• Hawkes, Jacquetta. 1968. Dawn of the Gods. Londinii: Chatto & Windus. ISBN 0-7011-1332-4.
• Hawkes, Jacquetta, cum David Trump. 1976). The Atlas of Early Man. London: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 0-312-09746-8.
• Hicks, Jim. 1974. The Empire Builders. Novi Eboraci: Time-Life Books.
• Hicks, Jim. 1975. The Persians. Novi Eboraci: Time-Life Books.
• Jensen, Derrick. 2006. Endgame. Novi Eboraci: Seven Stories Press. ISBN 978-1-58322-730-5.
• Johnson, Paul. 1987. A History of the Jews. Londinii: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-79091-9.
• Keppie, Lawrence. 1984. The Making of the Roman Army: From Republic to Empire.' Totowa, N.J.: Barnes & Noble. ISBN 0-389-20447-1.
• Korotayev, Andrey. 2004. World Religions and Social Evolution of the Old World Oikumene Civilizations: A Cross-Cultural Perspective.' Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 0-7734-6310-0.
• Kradin, Nikolay. 2006. "Archaeological Criteria of Civilization." Social Evolution & History 5():89–108. ISSN 1681-4363.
• Lansing, Elizabeth. 1971. The Sumerians: Inventors and Builders. Novi Eboraci: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-036357-9.
• Lee, Ki-Baik. 1984. A New History of Korea. Convertit Edward W. Wagner, cum Edward J. Shultz. Cantabrigiae: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-61575-1.
• McGaughey, William. 2000. Five Epochs of Civilization. Thistlerose Publications. ISBN 0-9605630-3-2.
• Nahm, Andrew C. 1983. A Panorama of 5000 Years: Korean History. Elizabeth, N.J.: Hollym International. ISBN 0-930878-23-X.
• Oliphant, Margaret. 1992. The Atlas of the Ancient World: Charting the Great Civilizations of the Past. Londinii: Ebury. ISBN 0-09-177040-8.
• Rogerson, John. 1985. Atlas of the Bible. Novi Eboraci: Facts on File. ISBN 0-8160-1206-7.
• Sandall, Roger. 2001. The Culture Cult: Designer Tribalism and Other Essays. Boulder, Colo.: Westview. ISBN 0-8133-3863-8.
• Sansom, George. 1958. A History of Japan: To 1334. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-0523-2.
• Southworth, John Van Duyn. 1968. The Ancient Fleets: The Story of Naval Warfare Under Oars, 2600 B.C.–1597 A.D. Novi Eboraci: Twayne.
• Thomas, Hugh. 1981. An Unfinished History of the World. Rev. ed. Londinii: Pan. ISBN 0-330-26458-3.
• Yap, Yong, et Arthur Cotterell. 1975. The Early Civilization of China. Novi Eboraci: Putnam. ISBN 0-399-11595-1.
• Yurdusev, A. Nuri. 2003. International Relations and the Philosophy of History: A Civilizational Approach. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Nexus externi

• Historicae civilizationum tabulae
• BBC de civilizatione

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