Megachiroptera

Pteropus scapulatus

Animalia — Chordata

Classis : Mammalia
Ordo : Chiroptera
Subordo : Megachiroptera sive Yinpterochiroptera
Dobson, 1875
Familia : Pteropodidae
Gray, 1821

Palaeontologia

34–0 m.a.: Oligocaenum > Recens

Subdivisiones: Subfamiliae

*Nyctimeninae

Fox, insula Australiana, habetur locus maximae Megachiropterorum coloniae in continente.

Megachiropterum in Hortis Zoologicis Singaporanis.

Cynopterus brachyotis (Cynopterinae).

Harpyionycteris whiteheadi (Harpyonycterinae).

Macroglossus sobrinus (Macroglossinae).

Acerodon jubatus (Pteropodinae).

Pteropus conspicillatus (Pteropodinae).

Pteropus livingstonii (Pteropodinae).

Epomophorus gambianus (Epomophorinae).

Megachiroptera sunt subordo mammalium ordinis Chiropterorum et eius sola familia, Pteropodidae. Quae animalia volantia in regionibus tropicis subtropicisque Eurasiae, Africae, Oceaniae reperiuntur.^[1]^[2]^[3] Chiropteris insectivoris maiora sunt, atque echolocatione non navigant, nonnullis generibus exceptis. Herbivora sunt, qui ad cibum inveniendum visu odoratuque innituntur.^[4]

Index specierum[recensere | fontem recensere]

Familia Pteropodidarum in septem subfamilias digeritur, quibus sunt 186 species exstantes, in 44–46 generibus positae:

Familia Pteropodidae

Subfamilia Nyctimeninae
- Genus Nyctimene
  - Nyctimene aello
  - Nyctimene albiventer
  - Nyctimene cephalotes
  - Nyctimene celaeno
  - Nyctimene certans
  - Nyctimene cyclotis
  - Nyctimene draconilla
  - Nyctimene keasti
  - Nyctimene major
  - Nyctimene malaitensis
  - Nyctimene masalai
  - Nyctimene minutus
  - Nyctimene rabori
  - Nyctimene robinsoni
  - Nyctimene sanctacrucis († saeculo vicensimo ineunte)
  - Nyctimene vizcaccia
- Genus Paranyctimene
  - Paranyctimene raptor
  - Paranyctimene tenax
Subfamilia Cynopterinae
- Genus Aethalops
  - Aethalops aequalis
  - Aethalops alecto
- Genus Alionycteris
  - Alionycteris paucidentata
- Genus Balionycteris
  - Balionycteris maculata
- Genus Chironax
  - Chironax melanocephalus
- Genus Cynopterus
- Genus Dyacopterus
- Genus Haplonycteris
  - Haplonycteris fischeri
- Genus Latidens
  - Latidens salimalii
- Genus Megaerops
  - Megaerops ecaudatus
  - Megaerops kusnotoi
  - Megaerops niphanae
  - Megaerops wetmorei
- Genus Otopteropus
  - Otopteropus cartilagonodus
- Genus Penthetor
  - Penthetor lucasi
- Genus Ptenochirus
  - Ptenochirus jagori
  - Ptenochirus minor
- Genus Sphaerias
  - Sphaerias blanfordi
- Genus Thoopterus
  - Thoopterus nigrescens
Subfamilia Harpiyonycterinae
- Genus Aproteles
  - Aproteles bulmerae
- Genus Dobsonia
  - Dobsonia anderseni
  - Dobsonia beauforti
  - Dobsonia chapmani
  - Dobsonia crenulata
  - Dobsonia emersa
  - Dobsonia exoleta
  - Dobsonia inermis
  - Dobsonia minor
  - Dobsonia moluccensis
  - Dobsonia pannietensis
  - Dobsonia peroni
  - Dobsonia praedatrix
  - Dobsonia viridis
- Genus Harpyionycteris
  - Harpyionycteris celebensis
  - Harpyionycteris whiteheadi
Subfamilia Macroglossinae
- Genus Macroglossus
  - Macroglossus minimus
  - Macroglossus sobrinus
- Genus Melonycteris
- Genus Notopteris
  - Notopteris macdonaldi (Viti, Vanuatu)
  - Notopteris neocaledonica (Nova Caledonia))
- Genus Syconycteris
Subfamilia Pteropodinae
- Genus Acerodon
  - Acerodon celebensis
  - Acerodon humilis
  - Acerodon jubatus
  - Acerodon leucotis
  - Acerodon mackloti
- Genus Desmalopex
  - Desmalopex leucopterus
  - Desmalopex microleucopterus
- Genus Eidolon
  - Eidolon dupreanum
  - Eidolon helvum
- Genus Mirimiri
  - Mirimiri acrodonta
- Genus Neopteryx
  - Neopteryx frosti
- Genus Pteralopex
  - Pteralopex anceps
  - Pteralopex atrata
  - Pteralopex flanneryi
  - Pteralopex pulchra
  - Pteralopex taki
- Genus Pteropus
  - Grex specierum Pteropus alecto
    - Pteropus alecto
  - Grex specierum Pteropus caniceps
    - Pteropus caniceps
  - Grex specierum Pteropus chrysoproctus
    - Pteropus argentatus
    - Pteropus chrysoproctus
    - Pteropus cognatus
    - Pteropus fundatus
    - Pteropus rayneri
    - Pteropus rennelli
  - Grex specierum Pteropus conspicillatus
    - Pteropus conspicillatus
    - Pteropus P. ocularis
  - Grex specierum Pteropus livingstonii
    - Pteropus aruensis
    - Pteropus keyensis
    - Pteropus livingstonii
    - Pteropus melanopogon
  - Grex specierum Pteropus mariannus
    - Pteropus loochoensis
    - Pteropus mariannus
    - Pteropus pelewensis
    - Pteropus ualanus
    - Pteropus yapensis
  - Grex specierum Pteropus melanotus
    - Pteropus melanotus
  - Grex specierum Pteropus molossinus
  - Grex specierum Pteropus neohibernicus
    - Pteropus neohibernicus
  - Grex specierum Pteropus niger
    - Pteropus aldabrensis
    - Pteropus niger
    - Pteropus rufus
    - Pteropus seychellensis
    - Pteropus voeltzkowi
  - Grex specierum Pteropus personatus
  - Grex specierum Pteropus poliocephalus
    - Pteropus macrotis
    - Pteropus pohlei
    - Pteropus poliocephalus
  - Grex specierum Pteropus pselaphon
    - Pteropus insularis
    - Pteropus nitendiensis
    - Pteropus pilosus († saeculo XIX)
    - Pteropus pselaphon
    - Pteropus tokudae († annis 1970)
    - Pteropus tonganus
    - Pteropus tuberculatus
    - Pteropus vetulus
  - Grex specierum Pteropus samoensis
    - Pteropus anetianus
    - Pteropus samoensis
  - Grex specierum Pteropus scapulatus
    - Pteropus gilliardorum
    - Pteropus mahaganus
    - Pteropus scapulatus
    - Pteropus woodfordi
  - Grex specierum Pteropus subniger
    - Pteropus admiralitatum
    - Pteropus brunneus († saeculo XIX)
    - Pteropus dasymallus
    - Pteropus faunulus
    - Pteropus griseus
    - Pteropus howensis
    - Pteropus hypomelanus
    - Pteropus ornatus
    - Pteropus pumilus
    - Pteropus speciosus
    - Pteropus subniger († saeculo XIX)
  - Grex specierum Pteropus vampyrus
    - Pteropus giganteus
    - Pteropus intermedius
    - Pteropus lylei
    - Pteropus vampyrus
  - Incertae sedis
    - Pteropus allenorum († saeculo XIX)
    - Pteropus coxi († saeculo XIX)
- Genus Styloctenium
  - Styloctenium mindorensis
  - Styloctenium wallacei
Subfamilia Rousettinae
- Genus Eonycteris
  - Eonycteris major
  - Eonycteris spelaea
  - Eonycteris robusta**Genus Rousettus
  - Subgenus Boneia
    - Boneia bidens
  - Subgenus Rousettus
  - Subgenus Stenonycteris
    - R. (S.) lanosus
    - R. (S.) madagascariensis
Subfamilia Epomophorinae
- Tribus Epomophorini
  - Genus Epomophorus
    - Epomophorus angolensis
    - Epomophorus anselli
    - Epomophorus crypturus
    - Epomophorus gambianus
    - Epomophorus grandis
    - Epomophorus labiatus
    - Epomophorus minimus
    - Epomophorus minor
    - Epomophorus wahlbergi
  - Genus Epomops
    - Epomops buettikoferi
    - Epomops dobsoni
    - Epomops franqueti
  - Genus Hypsignathus
    - Hypsignathus monstrosus
  - Genus Micropteropus
    - Micropteropus intermedius
    - Micropteropus pusillus
  - Genus Nanonycteris
    - Nanonycteris veldkampii
- Tribuse Myonycterini
  - Genus Lissonycteris
    - Lissonycteris angolensis
  - Genus Megaloglossus
    - Megaloglossus woermanni
  - Genus Myonycteris
- Tribus Plerotini
  - Genus Plerotes
    - Plerotes anchietae
- Tribus Scotonycterini
  - Genus Casinycteris
    - Casinycteris argynnis
  - Genus Scotonycteris
    - Scotonycteris zenkeri
    - Scotonycteris ophiodon

Notae[recensere | fontem recensere]

↑ "Our European Bats," BatLife Europe, accessum 24 Aprilis 2017
↑ Kenneth Cody Luzynski, Emily Margaret Sluzas, et Megan Marie Wallen, Pteropodidae: Old World fruit bats. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan.
↑ Smith, Charles H.. "PTEROPODIDAE(FruitBats/Flying Foxes)". MAMMFAUN. Western Kentucky University (includes range map).
↑ Gerhard Neuweiler, The Biology of Bats (Oxoniae: Oxford University Press, 2000), ISBN 978-0-19-509950-8, accessum 28 Martii 2015.

Bibliographia[recensere | fontem recensere]

Leroy, E. M., B/ Kumulungui, X. Pourrut, P. Rouquet, A. Hassanin, P. Yaba, A. Délicat, J. T. Paweska, J. P. Gonzalez, et R. Swanepoel. 2005. Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus. Nature 438(7068): 575–76. PMID 16319873.l doi:10.1038/438575a. Bibcode 2005Natur.438..575L.
Myers, P. 2001. Pteropodidae. Animal Diversity Web. html. Accessum 26 Decembris 2006.
Raabe, Emily. 2003. Flying foxes. Novi Eboraci: PowerKids Press. ISBN 0823963241.
Teeling, E. C., M. S. Springer, O. Madsen, P. Bates, S. J. O'Brien, et W. J. Murphy. 2005. A molecular phylogeny for bats illuminates biogeography and the fossil record. Science 307(5709): 580–84. PMID 15681385. doi:10.1126/science.1105113. Bibcode 2005Sci...307..580T.

Nexus externi[recensere | fontem recensere]

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Pteropodidas spectant.

[1] "Our European Bats," BatLife Europe, accessum 24 Aprilis 2017

[LuzynskiEtAl-2] Kenneth Cody Luzynski, Emily Margaret Sluzas, et Megan Marie Wallen, Pteropodidae: Old World fruit bats. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan.

[Smith-3] Smith, Charles H.. "PTEROPODIDAE(FruitBats/Flying Foxes)". MAMMFAUN. Western Kentucky University (includes range map).

[Neuweiler2000-4] Gerhard Neuweiler, The Biology of Bats (Oxoniae: Oxford University Press, 2000), ISBN 978-0-19-509950-8, accessum 28 Martii 2015.

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