Cortex praefrontalis

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Cortex praefrontalis

Cortex praefrontalis in lobi frontalis parte anteriori locatus. Numeri areas secundum BRODMANN indicant.

Par cortex praefrontalis est pars anterior lobi frontalis cerebralis. Attributae sunt cortici praefrontali areae BRODMANNianae haec: BA8, BA9, BA10, BA11, BA12, BA13, BA14, BA24, BA25, BA32, BA44, BA45, BA46, atque BA47. Recipit afferentes fibras praecipue a nucleo mediodorsali thalami. Interagit cum apparatibus et motorico et sensitivo velut systemate nervoso autonomico.

Uterque cortex praefrontalis ad actiones relatus est. Eis munera cognitionis^[1], voluntatis et morum sunt^[2]. Functiones executivae dictae cortici praefrontali apponuntur^[3]^[4].

In dementia frontotemporalis partes corticis praefrontalis damnum ostendit.

Anatomia

Anatomia macroscopica

Subdividitur cortex praefrontalis in:

corticem praefrontalem dorsolateralem et
corticem praefrontalem ventrolateralem.

Anatomia microscopica

Cortex praefrontralis est pars corticis cerebri, isocortex cum laminis sex designatur.

Physiologia

In cortice praefrontali plasticitas synaptica cum neuronalium conexionum mutationibus et flexibilibus et non remittentibus inter neurones momentum maius habet^[5]. Idcirco formatio multiplicium camporum cognitivorum in cerebrum capi potest, quibus mores, iudicium, sententiae oriuntur. Nimirum perturbationes et mala plasticitatis physiologicae cum morbis mentis iuncta sunt^[6].

Neurotransmissores

Neurotransmissores principales sunt excitatori: glutamatum (GLU), noradrenalinum (sive norepinephrinum, NE), dopaminum (DA), serotoninum (sive 5-hydroxy-tryptaminum, 5-HT), acetylcholinum (ACh); at inhibitorius GABA. Corticis praefrontalis generaliter dictum, neurotransmissores excitatori de origine cerebri regionum aliarum sunt, neurotransmissor inhibitorius de origine locali - interneuronorum inhibitoriorum localium sunt.

Indita

Cortex praefrontalis indita ab nucleo mediodorsali thalami recipit.

Functio memoriae

Memoria episodica, quae ad eventuum et biographiae cognitionem refert, interactiones inter corticem praefrontalem et hippocampum uti solet^[7].

Pathophysiologia

In autismo supercrescentia corticis praefrontalis in utero observata est, causa incremento numeri neuronorum^[8].

Notae

↑ Goldman-Rakic P. S. (Oct 1996). "The prefrontal landscape: implications of functional architecture for understanding human mentation and the central executive". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 351 (1346): 1445-53
↑ Cummings J. L. (1993). "Frontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior". Archives of neurology 50 (8): 873-80
↑ Saver J. L., Damasio A. R. (1991). "Preserved Access and Processing of Social Knowledge in a Patient With Acquired Sociopathy Due to Ventromedial Frontal Damage". Neuropsychologia 29 (12): 1241-9
↑ Cristofori I., Cohen-Zimerman S., Grafman J. (2019). "Executive functions". Handbook of clinical neurology 163: 197-219
↑ Kuboshima-Amemori S., Sawaguchi T. (Iun 2007). "Plasticity of the primate prefrontal cortex". The neuroscientist 13 (3): 229-40
↑ Goto Y., Yang C. R., Otani S. (Feb 2010). "Functional and dysfunctional synaptic plasticity in prefrontal cortex: roles in psychiatric disorders". Biological Psychiatry 67 (3): 199-207
↑ Eichenbaum H. (Sep 2017). "Prefrontal-hippocampal interactions in episodic memory". Nature reviews neuroscience 18 (9): 547-58 doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.74
↑ Courchesne E., Mouton P. R., Calhoun M. E., Semendeferi K., Ahrens-Barbeau C., Hallet M. J., Carter Barnes C. C., Pierce K. (Nov 2011). "Neuron number and size in prefrontal cortex of children with autism". JAMA 306 (18): 2001-10 doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1638

Bibliographia

Fuster J. M.: The prefrontal cortex. Academic Press, London

Nexus interni

[1] Goldman-Rakic P. S. (Oct 1996). "The prefrontal landscape: implications of functional architecture for understanding human mentation and the central executive". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 351 (1346): 1445-53

[2] Cummings J. L. (1993). "Frontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior". Archives of neurology 50 (8): 873-80

[3] Saver J. L., Damasio A. R. (1991). "Preserved Access and Processing of Social Knowledge in a Patient With Acquired Sociopathy Due to Ventromedial Frontal Damage". Neuropsychologia 29 (12): 1241-9

[4] Cristofori I., Cohen-Zimerman S., Grafman J. (2019). "Executive functions". Handbook of clinical neurology 163: 197-219

[5] Kuboshima-Amemori S., Sawaguchi T. (Iun 2007). "Plasticity of the primate prefrontal cortex". The neuroscientist 13 (3): 229-40

[6] Goto Y., Yang C. R., Otani S. (Feb 2010). "Functional and dysfunctional synaptic plasticity in prefrontal cortex: roles in psychiatric disorders". Biological Psychiatry 67 (3): 199-207

[7] Eichenbaum H. (Sep 2017). "Prefrontal-hippocampal interactions in episodic memory". Nature reviews neuroscience 18 (9): 547-58 doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.74

[8] Courchesne E., Mouton P. R., Calhoun M. E., Semendeferi K., Ahrens-Barbeau C., Hallet M. J., Carter Barnes C. C., Pierce K. (Nov 2011). "Neuron number and size in prefrontal cortex of children with autism". JAMA 306 (18): 2001-10 doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1638

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