Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum

Capsicum annuum

Plantae — Angiospermae

Eudicotyledones
Asteridae
Ordo : Solanales
Familia : Solanaceae
Genus : Capsicum
Species : Capsicum annuum
Varietas : var. glabriusculum
(Dunal)^[1] Heiser & Pickersgill^[2]

Chiltecpin est capsicorum varietas silvestris cui nomen botanicum Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum attribuitur. Fructus parvi rotundi humore calidissimi sunt (Sco. 70 000-75 000). In Mexico, Novo Mexico, Texia usitantur. Vulgo interdum chiltepin seu chile piquin nuncupantur, in Texia etiam malagueta sive amomo.

Varietas a Michaele Felice Dunal anno 1852 rite descripta est. Ille sub C. hispido ordinavit (specie a se primum nominata, hodie oblita).^[1] Recentius Carolus Bixler Heiser cum discipula Barbara Pickersgill sub C. annuo posuerunt sicut varietas prisca speciei celebris quae in formis plurimis fere ubique colitur.^[2]

Hanc varietatem, in Texia endemicam, Samuel Brown anno 1812 Thomae Ieffersonio misit,^[3] qui eam anno insequenti apud villam suam Monticello coluit^[4] amicisque Ioanni Shecut et Bernardo M'Mahon^(en) transmisit.^[5]^[6]

Samuel Brown fructus huius varietatis apud Hispanos indigenasque Texanos tantum usitatum esse "quantum sal apud Civitatum Foederatarum incolas".^[3] Usum medicinalem contra morbum digestivum relatum est.^[5] Saeculo XIX hi fructus in Texia et Novo Mexico ad capsicum e carne aliaque tamalium farcimina temperanda adhibebantur.^[7]

Notae[recensere | fontem recensere]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Dunal (1852)
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Heiser et Pickersgill (1975)
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Mr Poindexter has obligingly offered to carry you ... a species of Capsicum indigenous in the provence of Taxas ... It grows in very great abundance in the prairies west of the Sabine ... it is with the Spaniards and Savages an article in as great use as common salt is among the inhabitants of the U. S. ... The roots are perennial and in your climate would only require protection from the most severe frost: Ieffersonius ed. Betts p. 490, cf. p. 514. De Samuele Brown; item
↑ They were exactly in time for sowing ... I dibbled them however in a pot to give them their best chance. As being the production of a more northerly climate than those we cultivate I am in hopes they will be hardier, and, if so, more valuable: Ieffersonius ed. Betts p. 508, cf. p. 522
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ... a little of the fruit of a Capsicum I have just received from the province of Texas, where it is indigenous and perennial, and is used as freely as salt by the inhabitants. It is new to me. It differs from your Capsicum Minimum in being perennial and probably hardier; perhaps, too, in it's size, which would claim the term of Minutissimum. This stimulant being found salutary in a visceral complaint known on the seacoast, the introduction of a hardier variety may be of value: Ieffersonius ed. Betts p. 516, cf. pp. 515, 518. De Ioanne Shecut
↑ The other kinds cultivated with us, coming from still warmer climates, are difficult of cultivation. My expectation is that this, being indigenous so much nearer our latitudes, may be easier raised ... I have sowed a few seeds in a pot, and reserve others for the spring; they will be more likely however to be preserved in your hands: Jefferson to ad McMahon, 15 Iunii 1813, in J. Jefferson Looney, ed., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Retirement Series vol. 6 (Princetoniae: Princeton University Press, 2009) pp. 195–196
↑ Tolbert (1972)

Bibliographia[recensere | fontem recensere]

Fontes antiquiores

1812-1813 : Thomas Ieffersonius, epistola a Samuele Brown die 1 Octobris 1812, responsum die 17 Aprilis 1813, epistola ad Ioannem Shecut die 29 Iunii 1813 missa, etc. (Edwin Morris Betts, ed., Thomas Jefferson's Garden Book 1766-1824 [Philadelphiae: American Philosophical Society, 1944]) "Capsicum ... which would claim the term of minutissimum"
1829 : J. H. Dierbach, "Capsicum aviculare" in Archiv des Apothekervereins vol. 30 (1829) p. 30
1852 : M. F. Dunal, "Solanaceae" in A. de Candolle, Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis vol. 13 fasc. 1 (Lutetiae: Masson, 1852) p. 420

Eruditio

Jean Andrews, Peppers: the domesticated capsicums (2a ed. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995) pp. 119-120, tab. 24
Anaid Cano-Vazquez et al., "Variación en grados de latencia entre colectas de chile piquin (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum)" in Botanical Sciences vol. 93 (2015) pp. 1-10
Andrew Dalby, "Biogastronomica III: De capsicis. The wild chillies of Texas; The name and nature of cayenne" in Petits propos culinaires no. 124 (2022) pp. 101-109
Amit Krishna De, ed., Capsicum: The genus Capsicum (Londinii: Taylor & Francis, 2003) pp. 2-4 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
David DeWitt, Paul W. Bosland, The Complete Chile Pepper Book: A Gardener’s Guide to Choosing, Growing, Preserving, and Cooking. Novi Eboraci, 2014
Alberto González-Zamora et al., "Characterization of Different Capsicum Varieties by Evaluation of Their Capsaicinoids Content by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Determination of Pungency and Effect of High Temperature" in Molecules vol. 18 (2013) pp. 13471–13486
Roberto Gutiérrez-Burón et al., "Diversidad fenotípica de chile Amashito de Tabasco y Chiapas, México" in Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc. vol. 11 (2020?)
Corina Hayano-Kanashiro, Nohemí Gámez-Meza, Luis Ángel Medina-Juárez, "Wild Pepper Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum: Taxonomy, Plant Morphology, Distribution, Genetic Diversity, Genome Sequencing, and Phytochemical Compounds" in Crop Science vol. 56 (2016) pp. 1–11.
Charles B. Heiser, Barbara Pickersgill, "Names for the bird pepper [Capsicum-Solanaceae]" in Baileya vol. 19 (1975) pp. 151-156
Bernardo Murillo-Amador et al., "Baseline study of morphometric traits of wild Capsicum annuum growing near two biosphere reserves in the Peninsula of Baja California for future conservation management" in BMC Plant Biology vol. 15 (2015) no. 118
Eric Perramond, "The Politics of Ecology: Local Knowledge and Wild Chili Collection in Sonora, Mexico" in Journal of Latin American Geography vol. 4 (2005) pp. 59-75 JSTOR
Barbara Pickersgill, "Chile Peppers" in Rafael Lira, Alejandro Casas, José Blancas, edd., Ethnobotany of Mexico: Interactions of People and Plants in Mesoamerica (Novi Eboraci: Springer, 2016) pp. 417-438, vide pp. 421-422 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
Joshua Tewksbury et al., "In situ conservation of wild chilies and their biotic associates" in Conservation Biology vol. 13 (1999) pp. 98-107
Frank X. Tolbert, A Bowl of Red: A Natural History of Chili con Carne (Garden City Novi Eboraci: Doubleday, 1972) pp. 22-23, 28-30 Exemplar mutuabile

Nexus externi[recensere | fontem recensere]

Barry Popik, "Chiltepin" (2006)

[Dunal_(1852)-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Dunal (1852)

[Heiser_et_Pickersgill_(1975)-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Heiser et Pickersgill (1975)

[Poindexter-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Mr Poindexter has obligingly offered to carry you ... a species of Capsicum indigenous in the provence of Taxas ... It grows in very great abundance in the prairies west of the Sabine ... it is with the Spaniards and Savages an article in as great use as common salt is among the inhabitants of the U. S. ... The roots are perennial and in your climate would only require protection from the most severe frost: Ieffersonius ed. Betts p. 490, cf. p. 514. De Samuele Brown; item

[4] They were exactly in time for sowing ... I dibbled them however in a pot to give them their best chance. As being the production of a more northerly climate than those we cultivate I am in hopes they will be hardier, and, if so, more valuable: Ieffersonius ed. Betts p. 508, cf. p. 522

[Shecut-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ... a little of the fruit of a Capsicum I have just received from the province of Texas, where it is indigenous and perennial, and is used as freely as salt by the inhabitants. It is new to me. It differs from your Capsicum Minimum in being perennial and probably hardier; perhaps, too, in it's size, which would claim the term of Minutissimum. This stimulant being found salutary in a visceral complaint known on the seacoast, the introduction of a hardier variety may be of value: Ieffersonius ed. Betts p. 516, cf. pp. 515, 518. De Ioanne Shecut

[6] The other kinds cultivated with us, coming from still warmer climates, are difficult of cultivation. My expectation is that this, being indigenous so much nearer our latitudes, may be easier raised ... I have sowed a few seeds in a pot, and reserve others for the spring; they will be more likely however to be preserved in your hands: Jefferson to ad McMahon, 15 Iunii 1813, in J. Jefferson Looney, ed., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Retirement Series vol. 6 (Princetoniae: Princeton University Press, 2009) pp. 195–196

[7] Tolbert (1972)

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