Diospyros virginiana

Gemmae, flores, fructus

Plantae — Angiospermae

Eudicotyledones
Asteridae
Ordo : Ericales
Familia : Ebenaceae
Genus : Diospyros
Species : D. virginiana

Diospyros virginiana
L.

Synonyma

Diospyros mosieri S.F.Blake

Diospyros virginiana (Anglice: communissime American persimmon; aliquando common persimmon, Eastern persimmon, 'simmon, possumwood) est species Diospyri, a Nova Anglia ad Floridam, et occidentem versus ad Texiam, Oclahomam, Kansiamque endemica. Arbor in locis feris crescit, sed pro fructu materia ex temporibus praehistoricis ab Indis Americanis culta est.

D. virginiana ad 20 m alta in solo bene siccato crescit. Arbor flores fragrantis dioeciosque aestate gignit. Si semina desiderantur, plantae mares et feminae coli debent. Flores ab insectis ventoque pollinantur. Fructus usitate efficitur cum arbor sex annos habeat.

Fructus est rotundus vel ovalis, usitate aurantius 2–6 cm latus. In Meridie Americano et Medio Occidentali, fructus persimmons et simmons appellantur, et populo grati sunt in mensis secundiis.

Descriptio

Planta est parva arbor usitate 30–80 pedes alta, trunco breve tenue et ramis extendentibus, saepe pendulosis, qui latum et aliquando angustum caput summo rotundo aliquando formant. Radices sunt crassae, carnosae, stoloniferae. Planta saepe ut suffrutex videtur.^[1]

Historia

Auctor narrationis de rebus a Ferdinando Soto gestis "pruna passa huius regionis" descripsit "quae meliora sunt quam Hispanica".^[2] Thomas Hariot "genus fructuum optimum" aestimavit, "mespila (medlars) a nostris nuncupata, his rationibus, quod non antequam putrescent bona sunt; quod ad caput aperiunt sicut mespila nostra magnitudinemque similem habent, sed gustu et colore magnopere differunt: rubra enim sicut cerasa et dulcissima sunt: sed cerasa dulcamara sunt, hae autem suavia."^[3]

Notae

↑ Keeler, Harriet L. (1900). Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them. New York: Charles Scriber's Sons. pp. 195–199
↑ passas dameixas da terra que sam milhores que as despanha: Relaçam (1557)
↑ Medlars a kind of verie good fruit, so called by us chieflie for these respectes: first in that they are not good untill they be rotten: then in that they open at the head as our medlars, and are about the same bignesse: otherwise in taste and colour they are farre different: for they are as red as cheries and very sweet: but whereas the cherie is sharpe sweet, they are lushious sweet: Hariot (1588) sig. D1 (p. 25 recensionis interretialis)

Bibliographia

Fontes antiquiores

1557 : Relaçam verdadeira dos trabalhos que ho governador dom Fernando de Souto y certos fidalgos portugueses passarom no descobrimento da provincia da Frolida. Eborae: Andrés de Burgos; fol. xl verso ("Ameixas da terra")
1588 : Thomas Hariot, A briefe and true report of the new found land of Virginia, of the commodities there found and to be raysed .... Londinii sig. D1 "Of Fruites" et passim; Recensio interretialis apud Digital Commons; apud XRoads ("Medlars")
1609 : Marc Lescarbot, Histoire de la Nouvelle France, contenant les navigations, découvertes, et habitations faites par les François és Indes Occidentales et Nouvelle-France (Lutetiae: Jean Milot) p. 853; 3a ed. Lutetiae: Adrian Perier, 1617-1618 textus ("il y a une sorte de mellier [i.q. nèflier] desquelz le fruit est meilleur que celui de France")
1609 : Richard Hackluyt, interpr., Virginia richly valued, by the description of the maine land of Florida ... out of the foure yeeres continuall trauell ... of Don Ferdinando de Soto, and sixe hundred able men in his companie. Londinii: Matthew Lownes; p. 38 et passim; Recensio interretialis Oxoniensium et Michiganensium ("Plummes of the countrie")
c. 1612 : William Strachey, The historie of travell into Virginia Britania (Virginia Freund, Louis B. Wright, edd. Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1953) ("pessemmins" fide The Oxford English Dictionary (Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 1989. 20 voll.))
1615 : Ralph Hamor, A true discourse of the present estate of Virginia, and the successe of the affaires there till the 18 of June 1614 (Londinii) p. 22 editionis 1626 ("pissmienplums in bygnes and fashion like a medlar, of a s[t]ipticke quality")
1624 : Ioannes Smith, The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles (Londinii: Michael Sparkes) p. 26 ("putchamins")
1629 : John Parkinson, Paradisi in sole Paradisus terrestris (Londinii: Humphrey Lownes) p. 570 ("pishamin, Virginia plumme")

Eruditio

C. H. Briand, "The common persimmon (Diospyros virginiana): the history of an underutilized fruit tree" in Huntia vol. 12 (2005) pp. 71-89

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Diospyrum virginianam spectant.

Vide "Diospyrum virginianam" apud Vicispecies.

Situs scientifici: Tropicos • Tela Botanica • GRIN • ITIS • Plant List • NCBI • Biodiversity • Encyclopedia of Life • Plant Name Index • IUCN Red List • INPN France • Flora of North America • USDA Plants Database

Photogrammata apud universitatem Vanderbilt
Diospyros virginiana L. apud Persimmon Pudding
Tabula apud treetrail.net (American Persimmon Native Range Distribution Map)

Pinacotheca

Flos
Fructus viridis Tampae Floridae
Fructus maturescens Tampae Floridae
Fructus maturescens Tampae Floridae
Fructus maturus Tampae Floridae

[Keeler-1] Keeler, Harriet L. (1900). Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them. New York: Charles Scriber's Sons. pp. 195–199

[2] passas dameixas da terra que sam milhores que as despanha: Relaçam (1557)

[3] Medlars a kind of verie good fruit, so called by us chieflie for these respectes: first in that they are not good untill they be rotten: then in that they open at the head as our medlars, and are about the same bignesse: otherwise in taste and colour they are farre different: for they are as red as cheries and very sweet: but whereas the cherie is sharpe sweet, they are lushious sweet: Hariot (1588) sig. D1 (p. 25 recensionis interretialis)

[1]

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