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Like all members of the order Caudata, newts are characterised by a frog-like body with four equal sized limbs and a distinct tail. Aquatic larvae have true teeth on both upper and lower jaws, and external gills.<ref>Heying, H. 2003. "Caudata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Caudata.html.] Accessed 2007-12-05</ref> They have the ability to [[Regeneration (biology)|regenerate]] [[Limb (anatomy)|limb]]s, [[eye]]s, [[spinal cord]]s, [[heart]]s, [[intestine]]s, and upper and lower [[jaw]]s. The [[cell (biology)|cell]]s at the site of the injury have the ability to de-[[Cellular differentiation|differentiate]], reproduce rapidly, and differentiate again to create a new limb or organ. One theory is that the de-differentiated cells are related to [[tumour]] cells since chemicals which produce tumours in other animals will produce additional limbs in newts.<ref>[http://www.bioscience.utah.edu/mb/mbFaculty/odelberg/odelberg.html www.bioscience.utah.edu; Odelberg, S.] Accessed 2007-01-24</ref> -->
Like all members of the order Caudata, newts are characterised by a frog-like body with four equal sized limbs and a distinct tail. Aquatic larvae have true teeth on both upper and lower jaws, and external gills.<ref>Heying, H. 2003. "Caudata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Caudata.html.] Accessed 2007-12-05</ref> They have the ability to [[Regeneration (biology)|regenerate]] [[Limb (anatomy)|limb]]s, [[eye]]s, [[spinal cord]]s, [[heart]]s, [[intestine]]s, and upper and lower [[jaw]]s. The [[cell (biology)|cell]]s at the site of the injury have the ability to de-[[Cellular differentiation|differentiate]], reproduce rapidly, and differentiate again to create a new limb or organ. One theory is that the de-differentiated cells are related to [[tumour]] cells since chemicals which produce tumours in other animals will produce additional limbs in newts.<ref>[http://www.bioscience.utah.edu/mb/mbFaculty/odelberg/odelberg.html www.bioscience.utah.edu; Odelberg, S.] Accessed 2007-01-24</ref> -->


==Taxinomia==
== Taxinomia ==
Circa duae partes omnium specierum salamandridarum sunt pleurodelinae, in his generibus digestae:
Circa duae partes omnium specierum salamandridarum sunt pleurodelinae, in his generibus digestae:
* ''[[Calotriton]]''
* ''[[Calotriton]]''
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Coniunctiones inter genera sunt incertae.<!-- but it has been suggested that they prostitute a [[clade|natural systematic unit]] and newer molecular analyses tend to support this position.<ref>Titus, T. A. & A. Larson (1995):. A molecular phylogenetic perspective on the evolutionary radiation of the salamander family Salamandridae. ''Systematic Biology'' 44, pp 125-151.</ref><ref name=Steinfartz>Steinfartz, S., S. Vicario, J. W. Arntzen, & A. Caccone (2006): A Bayesian approach on molecules and behavior: reconsidering phylogenetic and evolutionary patterns of the Salamandridae with emphasis on ''Triturus'' newts. ''Journal of Experimental Zoology'' Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>Weisrock, D. W., Papenfuss, T. J., Macey, J. R., Litvinchuk, S. N., Polymeni, R., Ugurtas, I. H., Zhao, E., Jowkar, H., & A. Larson (2006): A molecular assessment of phylogenetic relationships and lineage accumulation rates within the family Salamandridae (Amphibia, Caudata). ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolutio'' 41, pp 368-383.</ref> -->
Coniunctiones inter genera sunt incertae.<!-- but it has been suggested that they prostitute a [[clade|natural systematic unit]] and newer molecular analyses tend to support this position.<ref>Titus, T. A. & A. Larson (1995):. A molecular phylogenetic perspective on the evolutionary radiation of the salamander family Salamandridae. ''Systematic Biology'' 44, pp 125-151.</ref><ref name=Steinfartz>Steinfartz, S., S. Vicario, J. W. Arntzen, & A. Caccone (2006): A Bayesian approach on molecules and behavior: reconsidering phylogenetic and evolutionary patterns of the Salamandridae with emphasis on ''Triturus'' newts. ''Journal of Experimental Zoology'' Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>Weisrock, D. W., Papenfuss, T. J., Macey, J. R., Litvinchuk, S. N., Polymeni, R., Ugurtas, I. H., Zhao, E., Jowkar, H., & A. Larson (2006): A molecular assessment of phylogenetic relationships and lineage accumulation rates within the family Salamandridae (Amphibia, Caudata). ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolutio'' 41, pp 368-383.</ref> -->


==Distributio ==
== Distributio ==
Tres communia genera [[Europa]]ea sunt ''[[Triturus]], [[Lissotriton]],'' et ''[[Ommatotriton]].'' Aliae species Europaeae sunt ''Plurodeles waltl,'' magna pleurodelina Europaea,<ref>[http://www.calacademy.org/science_now/archive/wild_lives/ribbed_newt.php www.calcadamemy.org; California Academy of Sciences] Accessed 2007-12-05</ref> ''[[Calotriton]], [[Euproctus]],'' et ''Mesotriton alpestris.''<ref name=Steinfartz/><ref>Carranza, S. & Amat, F. (2005) Taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of Euproctus (Amphibia: Salamandridae), with the resurrection of the genus Calotriton and the description of a new endemic species from the Iberian Peninsula Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 145 (4), 555–582.</ref>
Tres communia genera [[Europa]]ea sunt ''[[Triturus]], [[Lissotriton]],'' et ''[[Ommatotriton]].'' Aliae species Europaeae sunt ''Plurodeles waltl,'' magna pleurodelina Europaea,<ref>[http://www.calacademy.org/science_now/archive/wild_lives/ribbed_newt.php www.calcadamemy.org; California Academy of Sciences] Accessed 2007-12-05</ref> ''[[Calotriton]], [[Euproctus]],'' et ''Mesotriton alpestris.''<ref name=Steinfartz/><ref>Carranza, S. & Amat, F. (2005) Taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of Euproctus (Amphibia: Salamandridae), with the resurrection of the genus Calotriton and the description of a new endemic species from the Iberian Peninsula Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 145 (4), 555–582.</ref>


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In [[Asia Meridio-Orientalis|Asia Meridio-Orientali]] et [[Iaponia]], species usitate in commercio animalium dilectorum sunt ''[[Cynops]], [[Pachytriton]], [[Tylototriton]],'' et ''[[Paramesotriton]].'' In [[Oriens Media]] sunt ''[[Neurergus]].''<ref name=livworld>[http://www.livingunderworld.org/caudata/database/salamandridae/ livingunderworld.org; Amphibian Order:caudata ]; Accessed 2007-02-05</ref><!-- . . . -->
In [[Asia Meridio-Orientalis|Asia Meridio-Orientali]] et [[Iaponia]], species usitate in commercio animalium dilectorum sunt ''[[Cynops]], [[Pachytriton]], [[Tylototriton]],'' et ''[[Paramesotriton]].'' In [[Oriens Media]] sunt ''[[Neurergus]].''<ref name=livworld>[http://www.livingunderworld.org/caudata/database/salamandridae/ livingunderworld.org; Amphibian Order:caudata ]; Accessed 2007-02-05</ref><!-- . . . -->


==Notae==
== Notae ==
{{wikispecies|Pleurodelinae}}
{{wikispecies|Pleurodelinae}}
<references />
{{reflist}}


==Nexus externi==
== Nexus externi ==
{{wiktionarypar|newt|eft}}
{{wiktionarypar|newt|eft}}
* [http://www.caudata.nl Caudata.nl, Situs "Dutch Newt & Salamander"]
* [http://www.caudata.nl Caudata.nl, Situs "Dutch Newt & Salamander"]
* [http://www.schwanzlurche.de Caudatamedia]
* [http://www.schwanzlurche.de Caudatamedia]
* [http://www.caudata.org/cc Cultura Caudatorum]
* [http://www.caudata.org/cc Cultura Caudatorum]
* [http://www.herpnet.net/Iowa-Herpetology/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=33&Itemid=27 ''Notophthalmus viridescens''] apud Iowa Reptile and Amphibian Field Guide
* [http://www.herpnet.net/Iowa-Herpetology/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=33&Itemid=27 ''Notophthalmus viridescens''] apud Iowa Reptile and Amphibian Field Guide


[[Categoria:Amphibia dilecta]]
[[Categoria:Amphibia dilecta]]

Emendatio ex 17:44, 29 Decembris 2013

Classis : Amphibia 
Subclassis : Lissamphibia 
Ordo : Caudata 
Familia : Salamandridae 
Subfamilia : Pleurodelinae 
   
Notophthalmus viridescens (statione iuvenili) claros colores aposematicos ostendit, qui praedatores de cuti venenosissima praemonent.

Pleurodelinae sunt caudata familiae Salamandridarum. Non omnes caudata aquatica pleurodelinae habentur. Pleurodelinae Americam Septentrionalem, Europam, et Asiam habitant. Eae se per metamorphosin tribus vitae evolutionariae stationibus transformant: larva aquatica, iuvenibus terrestribus (Anglice: eft),[1]) et adultis. Adultis corpora quasi lacertilia sunt, et vivere possunt vel omnino aquatici, in aqua perpetuo habitantes, vel semiaquatici, in terra habitantes sed ad aquam ut regignant quotannis redientes.

Taxinomia

Circa duae partes omnium specierum salamandridarum sunt pleurodelinae, in his generibus digestae:

Coniunctiones inter genera sunt incertae.

Distributio

Tres communia genera Europaea sunt Triturus, Lissotriton, et Ommatotriton. Aliae species Europaeae sunt Plurodeles waltl, magna pleurodelina Europaea,[2] Calotriton, Euproctus, et Mesotriton alpestris.[3][4]

In America Septentrionali sunt Notophthalmus, quorum Notophthalmus viridescens est amplissima species, sed solum in regione ad orientem Montium Saxosorum. Tres pleurodelinarum litoralium vel occidentalium species sunt Taricha rivularis, Taricha torosa, et Taricha granulosa (omnibus ad genus Taricha pertinentibus), in regione ad occidentem Montium Saxosorum endemicae.

In Asia Meridio-Orientali et Iaponia, species usitate in commercio animalium dilectorum sunt Cynops, Pachytriton, Tylototriton, et Paramesotriton. In Oriens Media sunt Neurergus.[5]

Notae

Vide "Pleurodelinae" apud Vicispecies.
  1. ↑ Brockes, J. & A. Kumar. 2005. Newts. Current Biology. 15(2):R4244).
  2. ↑ www.calcadamemy.org; California Academy of Sciences Accessed 2007-12-05
  3. ↑ Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Steinfartz
  4. ↑ Carranza, S. & Amat, F. (2005) Taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of Euproctus (Amphibia: Salamandridae), with the resurrection of the genus Calotriton and the description of a new endemic species from the Iberian Peninsula Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 145 (4), 555–582.
  5. ↑ livingunderworld.org; Amphibian Order:caudata ; Accessed 2007-02-05

Nexus externi

Formula:Wiktionarypar

Receptum de "https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pleurodelinae&oldid=2676313"