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Emendatio ex 14:19, 17 Ianuarii 2010

Muta bilabialis surda est consonans, cuius symbolum IPA est p minuscula. Itaque [p] littera simplici ea mutarum bilabialium surdarum species signatur, quae in linguis mundi usitatissima est, cum aliae rariores videlicet species signis diacriticis additis notentur. Consonantes huius generis sunt

modo articulandi mutae, quia impetus aëris omnino impeditur in meatu vocali;
loco articulandi bilabiales, quia ambo labia phono articulando operantur;
phonatione surdae, quia impetus aëris chordis vocalibus non vibrantibus meat.

Mutae bilabiales surdae sunt insuper consonantes orales, quia ex ore eduntur, et pulmoneae, quia aeris impetus e pulmonibus (potius quam glottide aut ore) egreditur.

IPA	Descriptio	Specimen
IPA	Descriptio	Lingua	Orthographia	IPA	Sensus
p	Muta bilabialis surda	Latina	pastor	['pa:stor]
pʰ	Muta bilabialis surda aspirata	Graeca	φίλος	['pʰilos]	'amicus'
pʲ	Muta bilabialis surda palatalizata	Russica	Пётр	[pʲotr]^[1]	'Petrus'
pʷ	Muta bilabialis surda labializata	Ponapeana	pwoud	[pʷoʷt]^[2]	'maritus'
p̚	Muta bilabialis surda detenta	Anglica	stop	[stɑp̚]	'sistere'
p̌	Muta bilabialis surda semisona	Anglica	popple	[pʰɑp̌əɫ]	'bullire'
pʼ	Muta bilabialis surda eiecticia

Notae

↑ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996: 364).
↑ Takahashi (2005).

Bibliographia

Ladefoged, Peter & Maddieson, Ian (1996) The Sounds pf the World's Languages. Blackwell: Oxford.
Takahashi, Naoko (2005) The structure of the Ponapean language. [1]

Vicina

[1] Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996: 364).

[2] Takahashi (2005).

[1]

[2]

@@ Linea 23: / Linea 23: @@
 | Latina
 | <span style="color:#700000">'''p'''</span>astor
-| [{{IPA|'}}<span style="color:#700000">'''{{IPA|p}}'''</span>{{IPA|a:stor}}]
+| ['<span style="color:#700000">'''p'''</span>a:stor]
 |
 |-
@@ Linea 30: / Linea 30: @@
 | [[Lingua Graeca antiqua|Graeca]]
 | <span style="color:#700000">'''{{Polytonic|φ}}'''</span>{{Polytonic|ίλος}}
-| [<span style="color:#700000">'''{{IPA|pʰ}}'''</span>{{IPA|ilos}}]
+| ['<span style="color:#700000">'''pʰ'''</span>ilos]
 | 'amicus'
 |-
@@ Linea 37: / Linea 37: @@
 | [[Lingua Russica|Russica]]
 | <span style="color:#700000">'''Пё'''</span>тр
-| [<span style="color:#700000">'''{{IPA|pʲ}}'''</span>otr]<ref>Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996: 364).</ref>
+| [<span style="color:#700000">'''pʲ'''</span>otr]<ref>Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996: 364).</ref>
 | 'Petrus'
 |-
@@ Linea 44: / Linea 44: @@
 | [[Lingua Ponapeana|Ponapeana]]
 | <span style="color:#700000">'''pw'''</span>oud
-| [<span style="color:#700000">'''{{IPA|pʷ}}'''</span>{{IPA|oʷt}}]<ref>Takahashi (2005).</ref>
+| [<span style="color:#700000">'''pʷ'''</span>oʷt]<ref>Takahashi (2005).</ref>
 | 'maritus'
 |-
@@ Linea 51: / Linea 51: @@
 | [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
 | sto<span style="color:#700000">'''p'''</span>
-| [{{IPA|stɑ}}<span style="color:#700000">'''{{IPA|p̚}}'''</span>]
+| [stɑ<span style="color:#700000">'''p̚'''</span>]
 | 'sistere'
 |-
@@ Linea 58: / Linea 58: @@
 | [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
 | po<span style="color:#700000">'''pp'''</span>le
-| [{{IPA|pʰɑ}}<span style="color:#700000">'''{{IPA|p̌}}'''</span>{{IPA|əɫ}}]
+| [pʰɑ<span style="color:#700000">'''p̌'''</span>əɫ]
 | 'bullire'
 |-