Bella libertatis Hispano-Americana

Bella libertatis Hispanico-Americana fuerunt multa bella contra imperium Hispanicum ad libertatem constituendam saeculo undevicensimo ineunte, paululum post bellum paeninsulare anno 1807 per bella Napoleonica in Europa. Historici aliique eruditi notionem identitatis Hispano-Americanae ab identitate Iberiana separata penitus investigaverunt, sed plurimi Hispano-Americani libertatem politicam in animo primum non habebant, nec inevitabilis erat. Regno Hispanico anno 1814 restituto, Ferdinandus VII rex omnia genera principatus popularis (junta et cortes) reiecit. Triennium liberale anni 1820 praeterea statum constitutionis Gaditanae contra separatismum non mutavit, cum Latinoamericani libertatem politicam magis magisque peterent.

Bibliographia

Evolutio libertatis Hispano-Americanae
     Rectio sub traditionalibus legibus Hispanicis     Fidelis Supremae Mediae Junta vel Cortes     Junta Americana vel rebellio     Civitas libera declarata aut constituta     Maxima paeninsulae moderatio Francica

Proelium Sancti Laurentii anno 1813.

Exodus ex Caracis anno 1814.

Proelium Rancaguanum anno 1814.

America Hispanica et Hispania

• Adelman, Jeremy. 2006. Sovereignty and Revolution in the Iberian Atlantic. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691142777.
• Andrews, George Reid. 1985. "Spanish American independence: A structural analysis." Latin American Perspectives 105–32.
• Andrien, Kenneth J., et Lyman L. Johnson. 1994. The Political Economy of Spanish America in the Age of Revolution, 1750–1850. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 978-0-8263-1489-5.
• Anna, Timothy. 1983. Spain and the Loss of Empire. Lincolniae: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-1014-1.
• Archer, Christon I., ed. 2000. The Wars of Independence in Spanish America. Wilmingtoniae: SR Books. ISBN 0-8420-2469-7.
• Benson, Nettie Lee. 1966. Mexico and the Spanish Cortes, 1810-1822. Austinopoli: University of Texas Press. ISBN 1477304037.
• Brading, D. A. 1991. The First America: The Spanish Monarchy, Creole Patriots and the Liberal State, 1492–1867. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-44796-8.
• Bushnell, David. 1996. "Wars of Independence: South America." The Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture 5: 446. Novi Eboraci: Charles Scribner's Sons.
• Chasteen, John Charles. 2008. Americanos: Latin America's Struggle for Independence. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517881-4.
• Costeloe, Michael P. 1986. Response to Revolution: Imperial Spain and the Spanish American Revolutions, 1810–1840. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-32083-2.
• Domínguez, Jorge I. 1980. Insurrection or Loyalty: The Breakdown of the Spanish American Empire. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-45635-8.
• Graham, Richard. 1994. Independence in Latin America: A Comparative Approach. Ed. secunda. Novi Eboraci: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-024008-6.
• Hamnett, Brian. 2017. The End of Iberian Rule on the American Continent, 1770-1830. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1316626634.
• Harvey, Robert. 2000. "Liberators: Latin America`s Struggle For Independence, 1810–1830." Londinii: John Murray. ISBN 0-7195-5566-3.
• Higgins, James, ed. 2014. The Emancipation of Peru: British Eyewitness Accounts. Editio interretialis.
• Humphreys, R. A., et John Lynch, eds. 1965. The Origins of the Latin American Revolutions, 1808–1826. Novi Eboraci: Alfred A. Knopf.
• Kinsbruner, Jay. 1976. The Spanish-American Independence Movement. Krieger Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-88275-428-4.
• Kinsbruner, Jay. 2000. Independence in Spanish America: Civil Wars, Revolutions, and Underdevelopment. Ed. secunda. University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0-8263-2177-1.
• Ladd, Doris M. 1976. The Mexican Nobility at Independence, 1780-1826. Austinopoli: University of Texas Press.
• Lynch, John. 1986. The Spanish American Revolutions, 1808–1826. Ed. secunda. Novi Eboraci: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-95537-0.
• Lynch, John. 1992. Caudillos in Spanish America, 1800–1850. Oxoniae: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-821135-X.
• Lynch, John, ed. 1995. Latin American Revolutions, 1808–1826: Old and New World Origins.
• McFarlane, Anthony. 2014. War and Independence in Spanish America. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-1-85728-782-0, ISBN 9781857287837.
• Méndez, Cecilia. 1996. "Incas si, Indios no: Notes on Peruvian Creole Nationalism and Its Contemporary Crisis." Journal of Latin American Studies 28, no. 1 (Feb.): 197–225.
• Ossa Santa Cruz, Juan Luis. 2014. Armies, Politics, and Revolution: Chile 1808-1826. Liverpolii.
• Rodríguez O., Jaime E. 1998. The Independence of Spanish America. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-62673-0.
• Villoro, Luis. 2002. El proceso ideológico de la revolución de independencia. Mexicopoli: Conaculta.

Interactio aliena

• Bartley, Russell H. 1978. Imperial Russia and the Struggle for Latin American Independence, 1808-1828. Austinopoli: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0292738126.
• Brown, Matthew. 2006. Adventuring through Spanish Colonies: Simón Bolívar, Foreign Mercenaries and the Birth of New Nations. Liverpoolii: University Press. ISBN 1-84631-044-X.
• Hasbrouck, Alfred. 1969. Foreign Legionaries in the Liberation of Spanish South America. Novi Eboraci: Octagon Books.
• Hughes, Ben. 2010. Conquer or Die!: Wellington’s Veterans and the Liberation of the New World. Osprey. ISBN 978-1849081832.
• Kaufman, William W. 1951. British Policy and the Independence of Latin America, 1804–1828. Portu Novo: Yale University Press.
• Robertson, William Spence. 1939. France and Latin American Independence.
• Rodríguez, Moises Enrique. 2006. Freedom's Mercenaries: British Volunteers in the Wars of Independence of Latin America. 2 vol. Lanhamiae: Hamilton Books, University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-7618-3438-0.
• Whitaker, Arthur P. 1941. The United States and the Independence of Latin America, 1800–1830. Baltimorae: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Historiographia

• Adelman, Jeremy. 2011. "Independence in Latin America." In The Oxford Handbook of Latin American History, ed. José C. Moya, 153–180. Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press.
• Hensel, Silke. 2003. "Was There an Age of Revolution in Latin America? New Literature on Latin American Independence." Latin American Research Review 38 (3): 237–49.
• Uribe, Victor M. 1997. "The Enigma of Latin American Independence: Analyses of the Last Ten Years." Latin American Research Review 32 (1): 236–55.

Nexus interni

• Simon Bolivar