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[[Fasciculus:Alkohol - Alcohol.svg|thumb|Formula chemica alcoholis simplicissima.]]
[[Fasciculus:Alkohol - Alcohol.svg|thumb|Formula chemica alcoholis simplicissima.]]


'''Alcohol'''<ref name="Freund1844">Freund, W. (1844/45). ''Gesammtwörterbuch der lateinischen Sprache, zum Schul- und Privat-Gebrauch.'' Breslau: Georg Philipp Aderholz.</ref><ref name="Schlickum1879">Schlickum, O. (1879). ''Lateinisch-deutsches Special-Wörterbuch der pharmazeutischen Wissenschaften.'' Leipzig: Ernst Günther’s Verlag.</ref><ref name="Foster1891">Foster, F.D. (1891-1893). ''An illustrated medical dictionary. Being a dictionary of the technical terms used by writers on medicine and the collateral sciences, in the Latin, English, French, and German languages.'' New York: D. Appleton and Company.</ref><ref name=NSLO>[[Ebbe Vilborg]]. ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok''. Editio secunda anni 2009.</ref> (-is, ''m'' <ref name="Schlickum1879"/><ref name="Foster1891"/><ref name=NSLO/>; indecl., ''m'' <ref name=NSLO/>; -is, ''n'' <ref name="Freund1844"/><ref name="Foster1891"/>) vel '''alcool'''<ref name=SBLM>[[Stephanus Blancardus]], ''[[Lexicon Medicum]]'' (1748), lemma [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/blanckaert/blanckaert1/jpg/s044.html 'alcohol']</ref> (-is, ''n'' <ref name=SBLM/>) sive '''alchool'''<ref name="Castelli1713">Castelli, B. & Bruno, J.P (1713). ''Lexicon medicum Graeco-Latinum.'' Leipzig: F. Thomas</ref><ref name="Siebenhaar1850">Siebenhaar, F.J. (1850). ''Terminologisches Wörterbuch der medicinischen Wissenschaften.'' (Zweite Auflage). Leipzig: Arnoldische Buchhandlung.</ref> sive '''alcol'''<ref name="Castelli1713"/><ref name="Kraus1844"/><ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> sive '''alkohol'''<ref name="Kraus1844">Kraus, L.A. (1844). ''Kritisch-etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon'' (Dritte Auflage). Göttingen: Verlag der Deuerlich- und Dieterichschen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Freund1844"/><ref name="Arnaudov">Arnaudov, G.D. (1964). ''Terminologia medica polyglotta. Latinum-Bulgarski-Russkij-English-Français-Deutsch.'' Sofia: Editio medicina et physcultura.</ref> (-lis, ''n.'' <ref name="Freund1844"/>) sive '''alkool'''<ref name="Kraus1844"/> sive '''alkol'''<ref name="Castelli1713"/><ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> sive '''alcahol'''<ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> sive '''kohol'''<ref name="Kraus1844"/> (a nomine [[Lingua Arabica|Arabico]] الكحل ''al-kuḥl'') est [[Liquidum|liquor]] sine [[color]]e, qui [[fermentatio]]ne in [[Fructus|fructuum]] suco facta exsistit, quique, cum est potus, ebrietatem in [[Homo sapiens|hominibus]] et [[animal]]ibus efficit. [[Distillatio alcoholis|Destillatione]] proportio alcoholis in temeto augeri potest.
'''Alcohol'''<ref name="Freund1844">Freund, W. (1844/45). ''Gesammtwörterbuch der lateinischen Sprache, zum Schul- und Privat-Gebrauch.'' Breslau: Georg Philipp Aderholz.</ref><ref name="Schlickum1879">Schlickum, O. (1879). ''Lateinisch-deutsches Special-Wörterbuch der pharmazeutischen Wissenschaften.'' Leipzig: Ernst Günther’s Verlag.</ref><ref name="Foster1891">Foster, F.D. (1891-1893). ''An illustrated medical dictionary. Being a dictionary of the technical terms used by writers on medicine and the collateral sciences, in the Latin, English, French, and German languages.'' New York: D. Appleton and Company.</ref><ref name=NSLO>[[Ebbe Vilborg]], ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok'', editio secunda, 2009.</ref> (-is, ''m'' <ref name="Schlickum1879"/><ref name="Foster1891"/><ref name=NSLO/>; indecl., ''m'' <ref name=NSLO/>; -is, ''n'' <ref name="Freund1844"/><ref name="Foster1891"/>) vel '''alcool'''<ref name=SBLM>[[Stephanus Blancardus]], ''[[Lexicon Medicum]]'' (1748), lemma [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/blanckaert/blanckaert1/jpg/s044.html 'alcohol']</ref> (-is, ''n'' <ref name=SBLM/>) sive '''alchool'''<ref name="Castelli1713">Castelli, B. & Bruno, J.P (1713). ''Lexicon medicum Graeco-Latinum.'' Leipzig: F. Thomas</ref><ref name="Siebenhaar1850">Siebenhaar, F.J. (1850). ''Terminologisches Wörterbuch der medicinischen Wissenschaften.'' (Zweite Auflage). Leipzig: Arnoldische Buchhandlung.</ref> sive '''alcol'''<ref name="Castelli1713"/><ref name="Kraus1844"/><ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> sive '''alkohol'''<ref name="Kraus1844">Kraus, L.A. (1844). ''Kritisch-etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon'' (Dritte Auflage). Göttingen: Verlag der Deuerlich- und Dieterichschen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Freund1844"/><ref name="Arnaudov">Arnaudov, G.D. (1964). ''Terminologia medica polyglotta. Latinum-Bulgarski-Russkij-English-Français-Deutsch.'' Sofia: Editio medicina et physcultura.</ref> (-lis, ''n.'' <ref name="Freund1844"/>) sive '''alkool'''<ref name="Kraus1844"/> sive '''alkol'''<ref name="Castelli1713"/><ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> sive '''alcahol'''<ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> sive '''kohol'''<ref name="Kraus1844"/> (a nomine [[Lingua Arabica|Arabico]] الكحل ''al-kuḥl'') est [[Liquidum|liquor]] sine [[color]]e, qui [[fermentatio]]ne in [[Fructus|fructuum]] suco facta exsistit, quique, cum est potus, ebrietatem in [[Homo sapiens|hominibus]] et [[animal]]ibus efficit. [[Distillatio alcoholis|Destillatione]] proportio alcoholis in temeto augeri potest.


Apud [[chemia|chemicos]] "alcohol" plerumque "'''[[ethanol]]'''" appellatur, qui "alcoholis" nomine alias quoque substantias ethanoli cognatas significent, quarum formula chemica est: R-OH (vide etiam imaginem).
Apud [[chemia|chemicos]] "alcohol" plerumque "'''[[ethanol]]'''" appellatur, qui "alcoholis" nomine alias quoque substantias ethanoli cognatas significent, quarum formula chemica est: R-OH (vide etiam imaginem).

Emendatio ex 16:22, 8 Februarii 2016


Potiones alcoholicae.
Formula chemica alcoholis simplicissima.

Alcohol[1][2][3][4] (-is, m [2][3][4]; indecl., m [4]; -is, n [1][3]) vel alcool[5] (-is, n [5]) sive alchool[6][7] sive alcol[6][8][7] sive alkohol[8][1][9] (-lis, n. [1]) sive alkool[8] sive alkol[6][7] sive alcahol[7] sive kohol[8] (a nomine Arabico الكحل al-kuḥl) est liquor sine colore, qui fermentatione in fructuum suco facta exsistit, quique, cum est potus, ebrietatem in hominibus et animalibus efficit. Destillatione proportio alcoholis in temeto augeri potest.

Apud chemicos "alcohol" plerumque "ethanol" appellatur, qui "alcoholis" nomine alias quoque substantias ethanoli cognatas significent, quarum formula chemica est: R-OH (vide etiam imaginem).

Etymologia

Nomen alcoholis deductum est ab Arabico الكحل al-kuḥl.[10] Hoc nomine Arabes pulverem nigrum subtilem appellabant, quo palpebras pingere solebant, quique e stibio sublimato conficiebatur. Inde apud Europaeos (ab saeculo tertio decimo) alcohol pulverem subtilem non tantum stibii, sed cuiusvis substantiae siccae notabat. Quam significationem postea Paracelsus (1493-1541) amplificavit ut partem subtilissimam purissimamque, i.e. essentiam, cuiusvis substantiae, vel siccae vel liquidae, notaret, quam sublimando vel destillando parari poterat. Sic ab eodem pro "essentia vini" seu "spiritu vini" saepissime "alcool vini" scribebatur. Quo usu a plerisque ceteris recepto postea illud "vini" magis magisque omittebatur, ita ut nunc "alcohol" solum per se "spiritum vini" significet. Postremo chemici usum nominis rursus amplificaverunt ut alias quoque substantias spiritui vini cognatas amplectatur.[11]

Variae alcoholis species

Vide etiam

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad alcoholem spectant (Alcohol, Alcohols).

Notae

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Freund, W. (1844/45). Gesammtwörterbuch der lateinischen Sprache, zum Schul- und Privat-Gebrauch. Breslau: Georg Philipp Aderholz.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Schlickum, O. (1879). Lateinisch-deutsches Special-Wörterbuch der pharmazeutischen Wissenschaften. Leipzig: Ernst Günther’s Verlag.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Foster, F.D. (1891-1893). An illustrated medical dictionary. Being a dictionary of the technical terms used by writers on medicine and the collateral sciences, in the Latin, English, French, and German languages. New York: D. Appleton and Company.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Ebbe Vilborg, Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok, editio secunda, 2009.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Stephanus Blancardus, Lexicon Medicum (1748), lemma 'alcohol'
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 Castelli, B. & Bruno, J.P (1713). Lexicon medicum Graeco-Latinum. Leipzig: F. Thomas
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Siebenhaar, F.J. (1850). Terminologisches Wörterbuch der medicinischen Wissenschaften. (Zweite Auflage). Leipzig: Arnoldische Buchhandlung.
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Kraus, L.A. (1844). Kritisch-etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon (Dritte Auflage). Göttingen: Verlag der Deuerlich- und Dieterichschen Buchhandlung.
  9. Arnaudov, G.D. (1964). Terminologia medica polyglotta. Latinum-Bulgarski-Russkij-English-Français-Deutsch. Sofia: Editio medicina et physcultura.
  10. Nomen Arabicum hodiernum, الكحول al-kuḥūl, rursus e linguis Europaeis mutuatum est.
  11. De etymologia 'alcoholis' vide: Raja Tazi, Arabismen im Deutschen (1998), pp.116-118, et J.D. Latham, 'Arabic into Medieval Latin', Journal of Semitic Studies, 17 (1972), p.44.