Conversio industrialis
Conversio industrialis, etiam secundum multos fontes non sine controversia Revolutio Industrialis,[1] appellari potest aetas historica a medio saeculo duodevicensimo usque ad iniens saeculum vicensimum definita, qua Anglia imprimis, et postea caeterae Europae civitates, maximas commutationes sociooeconomicas, technologicas, culturalesque in historia humanitatis subierunt umquam ex aevo Neolithico.
Loco oeconomiae quae antea de labore manuali et manufactura versata erat substituti sunt novi modi industriae et fabricationis a machinis effectis. Initium habuit conversio in usu machinarum in industria textilium fabricandorum et in amelioratione processus ferri faciendi. Incremento commercii fautum est a viis melioribus ad mercimonia vehenda, et postea ab inventione traminis ferriviarii. Innovationes quae maximum momentum tulerunt, fuerunt machina vaporaria et machina netrix multiplex, "Spinning Jenny" cognominata, quae incrementa ingentia ad capacitatem textilium producendorum prodiderunt. Cum machinae vel automata ameliorarentur, et novae machinae excogitarentur, primis decenniis saeculi undevicensimi, reditus aliarum industriarum necnon agriculturae magnopere augeri coepit.
Itaque hae commutationes quanto summam rerum fabricatarum auxerunt, tanto tempus quo eaedem res fabricabantur diminuerunt, imprimis postquam productio in serie inventa erat, qua varia opera simplicia singulatim cuique opifici assignabantur, ut in serie efficerentur, sine necessitate peritiae diu exercitatae, sumptu producendi ea re diminuto et summa productorum aucta.
Conversio industrialis in Britanniarum regno coepit, et Britanni multas novas officinarum artes excogitaverunt. Deinde conversio in Belgium, Civitates Foederatas, Franciam, alioque extensa est.
Eodem tempore atque rerum fabricatio facilius fit, status laboris etiam mutavit. Necesse erit divisionem laborum facere inter opificum, ut alter alteram partem fabricationis faciat. Pueri etiam laboraverunt. Mox opifices se in collegia congregaverunt, et operistitia aliquando egunt.
Notae
[recensere | fontem recensere]- ↑ Nomen revolutionis hic disputatum est, vide Disputatio:Conversio Industrialis, quia revolutio Latine solet significare commutatio ubi aliquid ad idem punctum repetitur, et in conversione industriali nominata multa progrediuntur sine revolvendo. Sensus desideratus est potius "res novae per industriis factae."
Nexus interni
Bibliographia
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