Idioma (a Graeco ἰδίωμα 'proprietas praecipua', 'phrasis praecipua', a Graeco ἴδιος 'sui'), vel propria loquendi ratio, est mixtura verborum quae ob usum communem significationemfigurativam habent. Significatio figurativa et significatio litteralis sunt res distinctae.[1] Sunt in paene omnibus linguismilia idiomatum quae sermone quotidiano saepe fiunt. Aestimantur saltem viginti quinque milia expressionum idiomaticarum in lingua Anglica esse.[2]
Idiomata in linguisticafigurae loquendi usitate habentur, principium compositionalitatis contradicentia,[3] quod dicit significationem rei omnis construendam esse ex significationibus partium quae omnem constituunt. Breviter, auscultator vel lector rem intellegere posse debet si modo significationes intellegeret cuiusque partium quae omnem constituunt.
↑Vide The Oxford companion to the English language (1992:495f).
↑De aestimatione numeri idiomatum in lingua Anglica, vide Jackendoff 1997.
↑Quod compositionalitas notio maximi momenti in idiomatibus explicatis vehementius dicitur in plurimis idiomatum explanationibus, e.g. Radford 2004:187f. Principium compositionalitatis introducitur et explicatur a Portner 2005:33f.
Crystal, David. 2008. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Ed. 5a, retractata. Oxoniae: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 9781405152969.
Culicover, Peter W., et Ray Jackendoff. 2005. Simpler Syntax. Oxoniae et Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0199271089.
Gibbs, R. 1987. Linguistic Factors in Children's Understanding of Idioms. Journal of Child Language 14: 569–586.
Jackendoff, Ray. 1997. The Architecture of the Language Faculty. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: MIT Press. ISBN 0262100592.
Jurafsky, Dan. 2008. Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition. Upper Saddle River Novae Caesareae: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780131873216.
Leaney, Cindy. 2005. In the Know: Understanding and Using Idioms. Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521545426.
Mel’čuk, I. 1995. Phrasemes in Language and Phraseology in Linguistics. In Idioms: Structural and Psychological Perspectives, ed. M. Everaert, E.-J. van der Linden, A. Schenk, et R. Schreuder, 167–232. Hillsdale Novae Caesareae: Lawrence Erlbaum.
O’Grady, W. 1998. The Syntax of Idioms. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 16:79–312.
Osborne, T., et T. Groß. 2012. Constructions Are Catenae: Construction Grammar Meets Dependency Grammar. Cognitive Linguistics 23(1):163-214.
Portner, Paul. 2005. What Is Meaning? Fundamentals of Formal Semantics. Malden Massachusettae: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 1405109173.
Radford, Andrew. 2004. English Syntax: An Introduction. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521834996.
