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'''Generis |
'''Generis occisio''' est systematica considerataque populi, gentis, religionis, vel civitatis exstinctio.<!-- |
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Precise [[genocide definitions|definition varies among genocide scholars]]. A [[legal]] definition is found in the 1948 [[United Nations]] [[Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide]]. Article 2, of this convention defines genocide as "any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a [[nation]]al, [[ethnicity|ethnical]], [[Race (classification of human beings)|racial]] or [[religion|religious]] group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life, calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; [and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group."<ref>Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. ''Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.'' http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/p_genoci.htm.</ref>--> |
Precise [[genocide definitions|definition varies among genocide scholars]]. A [[legal]] definition is found in the 1948 [[United Nations]] [[Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide]]. Article 2, of this convention defines genocide as "any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a [[nation]]al, [[ethnicity|ethnical]], [[Race (classification of human beings)|racial]] or [[religion|religious]] group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life, calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; [and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group."<ref>Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. ''Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.'' http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/p_genoci.htm.</ref>--> |
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== Excogitatio termini == |
== Excogitatio termini == |
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Terminus [[Lingua Anglica|Anglicus]] ''genocide'' anno [[1943]] excogitatus est |
Terminus [[Lingua Anglica|Anglicus]] ''genocide'' anno [[1943]] excogitatus est a [[Raphael Lemkin|Raphaele Lemkin]] (1900–1959), viro [[Polonia|Polono]] [[Iudaea|Iudaeo]]que legibus docto, ex verbo [[Lingua Graeca|Graeco]] ''génos'' (idem e quo [[Latine]] ''[[genus]]'') et radice [[Latina]] ''-cid-'' ex ''occidere'' (vicissim e ''caedere''), sicut exemplo verbi ''homicidium'' (''hominem occidere''). |
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In ''Noah'' ([[1933]]), Lemkin scripsit commentarium "Crime of Barbarity" ( |
In ''Noah'' ([[1933]]), Lemkin scripsit commentarium "''Crime of Barbarity''" (''Crimen crudelitatis''), qui generis occidionem depinxit maleficium contra ius inter civitates. Haec maleficii notio, quae non ita multo post facta est notio generis occidionis, orta est in historia [[Assyrii|Assyriorum]] trucidatorum in [[Caedes apud Simele|caede apud Simele]] in [[Iraquia]] die [[11 Augusti]] [[1933]]. In animo Lemkin, hic casus "memorias [[Caedes Armeniana|caedis Armenianae]]" per [[Bellum Orbis Terrarum I]] evocavit. |
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Ad Consilium Legitimum [[Societas Civitatum|Societatis Civitatum]] [[Matritum|Matriti]] eodem anno primam rogationem ut tales "actus |
Ad Consilium Legitimum [[Societas Civitatum|Societatis Civitatum]] [[Matritum|Matriti]] eodem anno primam rogationem ut tales "actus [[saevitia]]e" interdicantur obtulit, sed a gubernatione [[Polonia|Polonica]] (tunc [[Germania]]m [[Nazi]]stam placante) condemnata, rogatio defecit.<ref name="Euro">[http://www.europaworld.org/issue40/raphaellemkin22601.htm Raphael Lemkin] - EuropeWorld, 22/6/2001.</ref> |
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== Vide etiam == |
== Vide etiam == |
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Emendatio ex 13:25, 7 Septembris 2010
Generis occisio est systematica considerataque populi, gentis, religionis, vel civitatis exstinctio.
Excogitatio termini
Terminus Anglicus genocide anno 1943 excogitatus est a Raphaele Lemkin (1900–1959), viro Polono Iudaeoque legibus docto, ex verbo Graeco génos (idem e quo Latine genus) et radice Latina -cid- ex occidere (vicissim e caedere), sicut exemplo verbi homicidium (hominem occidere).
In Noah (1933), Lemkin scripsit commentarium "Crime of Barbarity" (Crimen crudelitatis), qui generis occidionem depinxit maleficium contra ius inter civitates. Haec maleficii notio, quae non ita multo post facta est notio generis occidionis, orta est in historia Assyriorum trucidatorum in caede apud Simele in Iraquia die 11 Augusti 1933. In animo Lemkin, hic casus "memorias caedis Armenianae" per Bellum Orbis Terrarum I evocavit. Ad Consilium Legitimum Societatis Civitatum Matriti eodem anno primam rogationem ut tales "actus saevitiae" interdicantur obtulit, sed a gubernatione Polonica (tunc Germaniam Nazistam placante) condemnata, rogatio defecit.[1]
Vide etiam
- Belli scelus
- Bellum Darfurense
- Caedes Bosniensis
- Culturae occidio (Anglice: culturecide)
- Holocaustus
- International Association of Genocide Scholars
- Iudicia Norimbergensia
- Maleficium contra humanitatem
- Mundi iurisdictio (Anglice: universal jurisdiction)
- Populi occidio (Anglice: ethnocide)
- Populi purgatio (Anglice: ethnic cleansing)
- Radovan Karadzic
- Sexus occidio (Anglice: gendercide)
- Slobodan Milosevic
- Sudania
- Rwanda
Notae
- ↑ Raphael Lemkin - EuropeWorld, 22/6/2001.
Fontes
- Frank Chalk et Kurt Jonassohn. 1990. The History and Sociology of Genocide: Analyses and Case Studies. Novus Portus: Yale University Press.
- Israel W. Charny. 1999. Encyclopedia of Genocide. ABC-Clio Inc. ISBN 0-87436-928-2.
- Daniele Conversi. 2005. "Genocide, ethnic cleansing, and nationalism." In Handbook of Nations and Nationalism. Gerard Delanty and Krishan Kumar ediderunt, 1, pp. 319–333. Londini: Sage Publications.
- Barbara Harff. 2003.; Early Warning of Communal Conflict and Genocide: Linking Empirical Research to International Responses. Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-9840-1.
- M. Hassan Kakar. 1995. Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979–1982. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-08591-4.
- Michael J. Kelly. 2005. Nowhere to Hide: Defeat of the Sovereign Immunity Defense for Crimes of Genocide & the Trials of Slobodan Milosevic and Saddam Hussein. Peter Lang.
- Alexander Laban. 2002.; Genocide: An Anthropological Reader. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-22355-X.
- Catharine A. MacKinnon. 2006. Are Women Human?: And Other International Dialogues. Belknap Press, Harvard University Press.
- Samantha Powers. 2003. "A Problem from Hell": America and the Age of Genocide. Harper Perennial. ISBN 0-06-054164-4.
- Gavriel D. Rosenfeld. 1999. "The Politics of Uniqueness: Reflections on the Recent Polemical Turn in Holocaust and Genocide Scholarship." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 13(1):28–61.
- R. J. Rummel. 1997. Death by Government. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 1-56000-927-6.
- Martin Shaw. 2007. What is Genocide? Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Lyal S. Sunga. 1997. The Emerging System of International Criminal Law: Developments in Codification and Implementation. Kluwer. ISBN 90-411-0472-0.
- Lyal S. Sunga. 1992. Individual Responsibility in International Law for Serious Human Rights Violations. Nijhoff. ISBN 0-7923-1453-0.
- Samuel Totten, William S. Parsons, et Israel W. Charny. 2004. Century of Genocide: Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts. Editio altera. Routledge.
- Benjamin A. Valentino. 2004. Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the 20th Century. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3965-5.
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