Axon
Axon[1][2][3][4] (-onis, m. [5][2]; -onos, m. [1]) sive axonum[4] (n. [4]) (Graece ὁ ἄξων, áxon quod Latine axis sonat) est pars cellularum nervalium, inter perikaryon (soma) et synapses interposita. Axon est, ut dentrita, protrusio cytoplasmatis cellulae nervalis, quae signa transmittit. Longitudines eius inter cellulas corporis nervales diversae sunt: Corticis cerebralis interneuronis axones breves sunt, ac neuronis tractus pyramidalis longissimi.
Procreatio et axonum crescentia
[recensere | fontem recensere]Generatio axonum momentum maximum procreatione systematis nervosi ineunte habet. Elongatio eius conu crescente, proteinis actini onerato ita microfilamenta formantibus, fit. Auxilio factoribus neurotrophicis biochemico directio crescentium axonum, atque tempus gubernantur.
Classificatio axonum
[recensere | fontem recensere]Classificationes axonum ordinem motorii — sensorii — autonomici sequitur.
Axones motorii
| Typus | Classificatio sec. Erlanger et Gasser | Diameter (µm) | Myelinum | Conductionis velocitas (m/s) | Sociatae fibrae musculares |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neuron motorium alpha (α) | Aα | 13-20 | Ita | 80–120 | Fibrae musculares extrafusales |
| Neuron motorium beta (β) | Aβ | ||||
| Neuron motorium gamma (γ) | Aγ | 5-8 | Ita | 4–24[6][7] | Fibrae musculares intrafusales |
Axones sensorii
| Typus | Classificatio sec. Erlanger et Gasser | Diameter (µm) | Myelinum | Conductionis velocitas (m/s) | Sociata receptoria sensoria | Proprioceptoria | Mechanoceptoria | Nociceptoria et thermoreceptoria |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ia | Aα | 13-20 | Ita | 80–120 | Receptoria primaria fusorum muscularium (terminales anulospirales) | ✔ | ||
| Ib | Aα | 13-20 | Ita | 80–120 | Organum tendinis Golgianum | |||
| II | Aβ | 6-12 | Ita | 33–75 | Receptoria secundaria fusorum muscularium (germinales florales, organum Ruffinianum), omnia mechanoreceptoria cutanea | ✔ | ||
| III | Aδ | 1-5 | Tenue | 3–30 | Terminalia nervosa libera tactionis et pressus. Nociceptoria tractus spinothalamici lateralis, receptoria frigoris | ✔ | ||
| IV | C | 0.2-1.5 | Abest | 0.5-2.0 | Nociceptoria tractus spinothalamici anterioris, receptoria teporis |
Axones autonomici
| Typus | Classificatio sec. Erlanger et Gasser | Diameter (µm) | Myelinum | Conductionis velocitas (m/s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fibrae praeganglionares | B | 1–5 | Ita | 3–15 |
| Fibrae postganglionares | C | 0.2–1.5 | Abest | 0.5–2.0 |
Notae
[recensere | fontem recensere]- 1 2 Donáth, T. & Crawford, G.C.N. (1969). Anatomical dictionary with nomenclature and explanatory notes. Oxoniae/Londinii/Edinburgi/Novi Eboraci/Toronti/Sidneii/Lutetiae/Brunsvici: Pergamon Press.
- 1 2 Arnaudov, G.D. (1964). Terminologia medica polyglotta. Latinum-Bulgarski-Russkij-English-Français-Deutsch. Serdicae: Editio medicina et physcultura.
- ↑ International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (1994). Nomina Histologica. Turici/Ithacae/Novi Eboraci.
- 1 2 3 Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FICAT) (2005). Terminologia Histologica. International terms for human cytology and histology. Philadelphiae/Baltimorae/Novi Eboraci/Londinii/Boni Aëris/Hongcongi/Sidneii/Tokii: Wolter Kluwers-Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- ↑ Freund, W. (1844/45). Gesammtwörterbuch der lateinischen Sprache, zum Schul- und Privat-Gebrauch. Bratislaviae: Georg Philipp Aderholz.
- ↑ Andrew B. L., Part N. J. (Apr 1972). "Properties of fast and slow motor units in hind limb and tail muscles of the rat". Quarterly journal of experimental physiology and cognate medical sciences 57 (2): 213–25
- ↑ Russell N. J. (Ian 1980). "Axonal conduction velocity changes following muscle tenotomy or deafferentation during development in the rat". The journal of physiology 298: 347–60
Nexus interni
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