Salmo
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| Salmo Aetas fossilium: ex Miocaeno ad hoc tempus[1] | |
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| Salmo salar | |
| Taxinomia | |
| Regnum: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Classis: | Actinopterygii |
| Ordo: | Salmoniformes |
| Familia: | Salmonidae |
| Subfamilia: | Salmoninae |
| Genus: | Salmo Linnaeus, 1758 |
| Species | |
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Salmo est genus piscis familiae Salmonidarum, quod species notas Salmonem salarem et Salmonem truttam comprehendit. Plerique salmones indigenae sunt Europae; tractus soli Salmonis salaris ad septentrionalem Americae Borealis partem patet. Pisces oceani Pacifici qui vulgo salmo et tructa appellantur re vera Oncorhynchi sunt generis.
Numerus specierum Salmonis in dubio est. Quoniam Salmo salar et Salmo trutta pervulgati sunt, pleraeque aliae species unicis fluviorum systematibus sunt endemicae.
Plinius in libro IX Naturalis Historiae scribit, "in Aquitania salmo fluviatilis marinis omnibus praefertur".[2] Ausonius salmonem in poëmate de Mosella flumine canit:[3]
- Nec te puniceo rutilantem viscere, salmo,
- transierim, latae cuius vaga verbera caudae
- gurgite de medio summas referuntur in undas,
- occultus placido cum proditur aequore pulsus.
- tu loricate squamosus pectore, frontem
- lubricus et dubiae facturus fercula cenae,
- tempora longarum fers incorrupte morarum,
- praesignis maculis capitis, cui prodiga nutat
- alvus opimatoque fluens abdomine venter.
Species[recensere | fontem recensere]
Hodie in hoc genere ponuntur species quadraginta sex:
- Salmo abanticus Tortonese, 1954
- Salmo akairos Delling & Doadrio, 2005
- Salmo aphelios Kottelat, 1997
- Salmo balcanicus S. L. Karaman, 1927
- Salmo carpio Linnaeus, 1758
- Salmo cenerinus Nardo, 1847
- Salmo cettii Rafinesque, 1810
- Salmo chilo Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 [4]
- Salmo ciscaucasicus Dorofeeva, 1967
- Salmo coruhensis Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010 [5]
- Salmo dentex Heckel, 1851
- Salmo euphrataeus Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014 [6]
- Salmo ezenami L. S. Berg, 1948
- Salmo farioides S. L. Karaman, 1938
- Salmo ferox Jardine, 1835
- Salmo fibreni Zerunian & Gandolfi, 1990
- Salmo ischchan Kessler, 1877
- Salmo labecula Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 [4]
- Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814
- Salmo letnica S. L. Karaman, 1924
- Salmo lourosensis Delling, 2011
- Salmo lumi G. D. Poljakov, Filipi, Basho & Hysenaj, 1958
- Salmo macedonicus S. L. Karaman, 1924
- Salmo macrostigma A. H. A. Duméril, 1858
- Salmo marmoratus G. Cuvier, 1829
- Salmo montenigrinus S. L. Karaman, 1933
- Salmo nigripinnis Günther, 1866
- Salmo obtusirostris Heckel, 1851
- Salmo ohridanus Steindachner, 1892
- Salmo okumusi Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014 [6]
- Salmo opimus Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 [4]
- †Salmo pallaryi Pellegrin, 1924
- Salmo pelagonicus S. L. Karaman, 1938
- Salmo peristericus S. L. Karaman, 1938
- Salmo platycephalus Behnke, 1968
- Salmo rhodanensis Fowler, 1974
- Salmo rizeensis Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010
- Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758
- Salmo schiefermuelleri Bloch, 1784
- Salmo stomachicus Günther, 1866
- Salmo taleri S. L. Karaman, 1933
- Salmo tigridis Turan, Kottelat & Bektaş, 2011
- Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758
- S. t. aralensis L. S. Berg, 1908
- S. t. fario Linnaeus, 1758
- S. t. lacustris Linnaeus, 1758
- S. t. oxianus Kessler, 1874
- S. t. trutta Linnaeus, 1758
- Salmo visovacensis Taler, 1950
- Salmo zrmanjaensis S. L. Karaman, 1938
Notae[recensere | fontem recensere]
- ↑ Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: p.560
- ↑ Plin. 9, 18, 32.
- ↑ Aus. Idyll. 10.97.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Turan, D., Kottelat, M. & Engin, S. (2012): The trouts of the Mediterranean drainages of southern Anatolia, Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (3): 219-236.
- ↑ Turan, D., M. Kottelat and S. Engin, 2009. Two new species of trouts, resident and migratory, sympatric in streams of northern Anatolia (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 20(4):333-364.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Turan, D., Kottelat, M. & Engin, S. (2014): Two new species of trouts from the Euphrates drainage, Turkey (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (3) [2013]: 275-288.
- "Salmo". apud Integrated Taxonomic Information System
