Fontem paginae Neoptera inspicere

{{Taxobox
| name = Neoptera
| fossil_range= {{Fossil range|Carbonifero exeunte|Praesens}}
| image = Hymenoptere2.jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| image_caption = ''[[Apis (genus)|Apis]]'' (ordinis [[Hymenoptera|Hymenopterorum]])
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Arthropoda]]
| classis = [[Insecta]]
| ramus = [[Metapterygota]]
| infraclassis = '''Neoptera'''
| taxon = Neoptera
| authority =
| subdivision_ranks =
| subdivision =
}}
'''Neoptera''' ([[Graece]] ''néos'' 'novus' + ''pterón'' '[[ala]]') sunt [[infraclassis]] cui sunt plurimi [[insecta|insectorum]] [[ala]]torum [[ordo (taxinomia)|ordines]], diserte [[insecta]] quae alas super [[abdomen]] flectere possunt. Quod cum [[Palaeoptera|Palaeopteris]] discrepat, [[basalis (evolutio)|basalibus]] insectorum alatorum [[grex|gregibus]], qui alas sic flectere nequiunt.

==Descriptio==
[[Taxon]] ''Neoptera'' ab [[Andreas Basilii filius Martynov|Andrea Basilii filio Martynov]] annis [[1923]] et [[1924]] primum propositum est, in descriptione sequenti.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Martynov |first1=A. V. |title=О двух основных типах крыльев насекомых и их значении для общей классификаци насекомых |journal=Proceedings of the I All-Russian Congress of Zoologists, Anatomists and Histologists in Petrograd on 15-21 December 1922 |date=1923 |pages=88-89 |url=http://www.insecta.bio.spbu.ru/z/nom/~Martynov1923.htm |trans-title=On the two main types of insect wings and their significance for the general classification of insects}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Martynov |first1=A. V. |title=О двух типах крыльев насекомых и их эволюции. |journal=Russian Zoological Journal |date=1924 |volume=4 |issue=1, 2 |pages=155–85 |url=http://www.insecta.bio.spbu.ru/z/nom/~Martynov1924a.htm |trans-title=There are two types of drug addicts and evolutionists}}.</ref>
 
[[Pterygota]]
*divisio [[Palaeoptera]]
**ordo [[Odonata]]
**ordo Agnatha (recte [[Ephemeroptera]])
**†ordo [[Dictyoneuridea]]
**†ordo [[Megasecoptera]]
**†ordo [[Protodonata]]
**†ordo [[Protephemeroidea]]
*divisio Neoptera
**subdivisio [[Polyneoptera]]
***superordo Orthopteroidea (Anartioptera)
****ordo [[Orthoptera]]
****ordo [[Plecoptera]]
****ordo [[Dermaptera]]
****ordo [[Embioptera]]
****ordo [[Phasmatodea]]
***superordo Blattopteroidea (nomen senius: Pan[[dictyoptera]])
****ordo [[Blattodea]]
****ordo [[Mantodea]]
**subdivisio [[Paraneoptera]]
***ordo Hemiptera (recte [[Arthroidignatha]])
****subordo Phytophtires (recte Plantisuga)
****subordo [[Auchenorrhyncha]]
****subordo [[Heteroptera]]
***subdivisio Oligoneoptera

Ordini [[Thysanoptera|Thysanopterorum]] olim erat ordinatus locus incertus, et ordo tum Paraneopteris tribuebatur; deinde autem aliae descriptiones proponebantur. Secundum aliquot auctores hodiernos, Neoptera aut recte Pterygotis (ut in ordinatione Martynoviana) aut Metapterygotis (infra) subiciuntur.
* [[Pterygota]] Gegenbaur 1878
** [[Ephemeroptera]] Hyatt & Arms 1890
** [[Metapterygota]] Börner 1909
*** [[Odonata]] Fabricius 1793
*** Neoptera Martynov 1923
 
==Phylogenia==
Phylogenia Neopterorum in [[cladogramma]]te per [[proprietas|proprietates]] [[morphologia|morphologicas]] secundum principia [[cladoendesis]] compositas infra monstratur, sed nondum plane constituta est.<ref name="Kluge 2004">{{cite journal |last1=Kluge |first1=Nikita J. |title=Larval/pupal leg transformation and a new diagnosis for the taxon Metabola Burmeister, 1832 = Oligoneoptera Martynov, 1923 |journal=Russian Entomological Journal |date=[[2004]] |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=189-229 |url=http://www.insecta.bio.spbu.ru/z/pdf/Kluge2004-189-229-elibrary.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Kluge 2010">{{cite journal |last1=Kluge |first1=Nikita J. |title=Circumscriptional names of higher taxa in Hexapoda |journal=Bionomina |date=[[2010]] |volume=1 |pages=15-55 |url=http://www.mapress.com/bionomina/content/2010/f/bn00001p055.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Kluge 2012">{{cite journal |last1=Kluge |first1=Nikita J. |title=General System of Neoptera with Description of a New Species of Embioptera |journal=Russian Entomological Journal |date=[[2012]] |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=371-384 |url=http://www.insecta.bio.spbu.ru/z/pdf/Kluge2012-Neoptera.pdf}}. Aliae res ex Kluge leguntur apud 
[http://www.insecta.bio.spbu.ru/z/pdf/Kluge2013-Tegminoptera&Calyptroptera.pdf "Tegminoptera & Calyptroptera 2013"]; [http://www.insecta.bio.spbu.ru/z/pdf/Kluge2019-Tetrastigmoptera-engl.pdf "Tetrastigmoptera 2019"];
[http://www.insecta.bio.spbu.ru/z/sys-ins.htm "Insect systematics and principles of cladoendesis."].</ref>

{{clade|style=font-size:85%;line-height:85%
|label1='''Neoptera''' <!--Martynov 1923-->
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|label1=[[Idioprothoraca]] <!--Kluge 2012-->
|1={{clade
|1=[[Embioptera]] <!--Lameere 1900--> [[Fasciculus:Embia_major_hor.png|80px]]
|2=[[Notoptera]] <!--Crampton 1915--> <!--and probably Mantophasmatodea, which needs to be placed somewhere in this tree--> [[Fasciculus:Grylloblattidae (white background).jpg|70px]]
}}
|label2=[[Rhipineoptera]] <!--Kluge 2012-->
|2={{clade
|1=[[Plecoptera]] <!--Burmeister 1839--> [[Fasciculus:Neoperla_clymene_hor.png|70px]]
|label2=[[Tegminoptera]] <!--Kluge 2013-->
|2={{clade
|label1=[[Pandictyoptera]] <!--Crampton 1917-->
|1={{clade
|1=[[Blattodea]] [[Fasciculus:Temnopteryx species Zebra Cockroach (white background).jpg|60px]]
|2=[[Mantodea]] [[Fasciculus:Stagmomantis carolina usda hor.png|80px]]
}}
|2=[[Orthoptera]] [[Fasciculus:Gryllidae_usda.png|50px]]
|3=[[Phasmatodea]] [[Fasciculus:Stick insect line diagram.png|70px]]
|4=[[Dermaptera]] [[Fasciculus:Earwig on white background.jpg|60px]]
}}
}}
}}
|label3=[[Eumetabola]] <!--Hennig 1953-->
|3={{clade
|label1=[[Parametabola]]<!-- Crampton 1838 ([[Paraneoptera]] Martynov 1923, s.l.)-->
|1={{clade
|1=[[Zoraptera]] <!--Silvestri 1913--> [[Fasciculus:Zorotypus guineensis (white background).jpg|60px]]
|label2=[[Acercaria]] <!--Borner 1904-->
|2={{clade
|label1=[[Condylognatha]] <!--Borner 1904-->
|1={{clade
|1=[[Thysanoptera]] <!--Haliday 1836--> [[Fasciculus:Thrips (PSF) (white background).png|40px]]
|2=[[Arthroidignatha]] <!--Spinola 1850-->(= "[[Hemiptera]]" auct.) [[Fasciculus:Dorisiana bicolor MHNT, Montsinéry, Guyane dos vol 2.jpg|75px]]
}}
|label2=[[Panpsocoptera]] <!--Crampton 1938-->
|2={{clade
|1=[[Psocoptera]] <!--Shipley 1904--> [[Fasciculus:Psocoptera (white background).jpg|45px]]
|2=[[Phthiraptera]] [[Fasciculus:Lice Body (cropped).png|35px]]
}}
}}
}}
|label2=[[Endopterygota]]
|2={{clade
|label1=[[Elytrophora]] <!--Packard 1883-->
|sublabel1=[[Coleopteroidea]] <!--Handlirsch 1903-->
|1={{clade
|1=[[Coleoptera]] [[Fasciculus:Pseudacrossus przewalskyi (Reitter, 1887).jpg|40px]]
|2=[[Strepsiptera]] <!--Kirby 1813--> [[Fasciculus:Elenchus koebelei.jpg|50px]]
}}
|label2=[[Neuropteroidea]] <!--Handlirsch 1903-->
|2={{clade
|1=[[Neuroptera]] [[Fasciculus:Osmylus (white background).jpg|55px]]
|2=[[Raphidioptera]] <!--Navas 1916--> [[Fasciculus:Raphidia icon.png|60px]]
|3=[[Megaloptera]] [[Fasciculus:Corydalus cornutus illustration (rotated).png|55px]]
}}
|label3=[[Mecopteriformia]] <!--Ax 1999-->
|3={{clade
|1=[[Diptera]] [[Fasciculus:Common house fly, Musca domestica.jpg|45px]]
|label2=[[Enteracantha]] <!--Kluge 2010-->
|2={{clade
|1=[[Mecoptera]] praeter Boreidas [[Fasciculus:Scorpionfly (white background).jpg|45px]]
|label2=[[Calyptroptera]] <!--Kluge 2013-->
|2={{clade
|1=[[Boreidae]] [[Fasciculus:Boreus hiemalis2 detail.jpg|50px]]
|2=[[Siphonaptera]] [[Fasciculus:Pulex irritans female ZSM (white background).jpg|35px]]
}}
}}
|label3=[[Amphiesmenoptera]] <!--Kiriakoff 1948-->
|3={{clade
|1=[[Trichoptera]] [[Fasciculus:RHYACOPHILA DORSALIS Male Pont Forge de Sailly Watigny 02 MHNT.jpg|55px]]
|2=[[Lepidoptera]] [[Fasciculus:Arctia villica SLU.JPG|55px]]
}}
|4=[[Hymenoptera]] [[Fasciculus:European wasp white bg.jpg|65px]]
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}

==Notae==
<references/>

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Neoptera}}
{{Vicispecies|Neoptera}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q23005}}

[[Categoria:Infraclasses animalium]]
[[Categoria:Insecta]]