Fontem paginae Sancta Sophia (Constantinopolis) inspicere

{{L1}}
{{Media Constantinopolis
|nomen=Aedes Sanctae Sophiae
|label_x=0.82 
|label_y=0.56
|label_a=0.72
|label_b=0.24
|collocatio=[[Regio II (Constantinopolis)|Regio II]]
|annus=[[537]]
|patronus=[[Iustinianus I]]
|structor=[[Anthemius Trallianus]]<br />[[Isidorus Milesius]]
|genus=[[Ecclesia]]
|}}{{videdis|Sancta Sophia (discretiva)}}
'''Sancta Sophia''', antea '''Aedes Sanctae Sophiae'''<ref>"Aedes Sanctae Sophiae", "aedes Sophiana", "ecclesia Sanctae Sophiae" etc.: Du Cange (1680)</ref> ([[Graece]]: {{Polytonic|Ἁγία Σοφία}} 'sancta sapientia'; [[Turcice]]: ''Ayasofya'') est [[meschita]] et fuit [[templum|ecclesia]] [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitana]] ab [[Iustinianus I|Iustiniano]] die [[27 Decembris]] [[537]] sacrata. Ecclesia [[Imperium Romanum Orientale|Imperii Romani Orientalis]] primaria et sedes [[Patriarchatus Oecumenicus Constantinopolitanus|patriarchae Constantinopolitani]] erat. Ante templi [[altar]], multi imperatores [[Imperium Romanum Orientale|Byzantini]] diademate coronati sunt. Constantinopoli ab [[Ottomanidae|Ottomanidis]] expugnata aedes Sophiana in [[meschita]]m, sed post [[Primum bellum mundanum]], ab anno 1934 enim, in [[museum]] conversa est. 

Die [[10 Iulii]] [[2020]] Turcicum ''Danıştay'' ([[Consilium civitatis (Turcia)|civitatis consilium]]) conversionem diei 24 novembris 1934 meschitae Hagiae Sophiae in museum dissolvendam esse nuntiavit<ref>''AA.com.tr'': [https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/ayasofyayi-camiden-muzeye-donusturen-bakanlar-kurulu-kararina-iptal-/1906077 Meschitam Hagiam Sophiam in museum conversam esse consulti consilii ministrorum dissolutio] {{Ling|Turcice}}</ref>. Die [[24 Iulii]] [[2020]] in meschita reaperta primae [[feria sexta preces]] locum habuit.

[[Fasciculus:Hagia Sophia 09.JPG|thumb|left|upright=1.5|Aedes Sanctae Sapientiae.]]
[[Fasciculus:Istanbul.Hagia Sophia026.jpg|thumb|250px|Sedes imperatricis<ref>Du Cange (1680) vol. 2 pars 2 [http://archive.org/stream/historiabyzantin00duca#page/34/mode/2up p. 35].</ref>]]
[[Fasciculus:Hagia Sophia Segment.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Forma aedificii excisa.]]
[[Fasciculus:Hagia_Sophia_Southwestern_entrance_mosaics_2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Maria (mater Iesu)|Mater Dei]] cum [[Iustinianus I|Iustiniano]] ecclesiae structore et [[Constantinus I|Constantino]] urbis conditore. Opus tessellatum ecclesiae S.Sophiae.]]

== Historia ==
Iam anno [[325]] [[Constantinus I|Constantino]] imperatore loco hodiernae Aedis Sanctae Sophiae primum aedificium erectum est, quod forsitan aulae imperiali fuit. Anno [[360]] a [[Constantius II|Constantio II]] ecclesia sacrata est, quae anno [[404]] inter motus populi, cum [[Ioannes Chrysostomus]] [[Aelia Eudoxia]] [[Augusta (titulus)|Augusta]] auctore depositus esset, destructa est. Ecclesia altera, imperatore [[Theodosius II|Theodosio II]] anno [[415]] confecta, rursus die [[15 Ianuarii]] [[532]] in [[Seditio Nika appellata|seditione quae Nika appellatur]] combusta est. Imperator igitur [[Iustinianus I|Iustinianus]] eodem anno novam ecclesiam eodem loco construendam statuit, [[architectura|architectis]] [[Anthemius Trallianus|Anthemio Tralliano]] et [[Isidorus Milesius|Isidoro Milesio]]. [[Terrae motus|Terrae motu]] die [[14 Decembris]] [[557]], [[aedificium]] graviter decussa est, et praecipue [[cupola]], quae die [[7 Maii]] [[558]] dum labor restitutionis suscipitur subito effudit. Anno circiter [[562]] cupola forma excelsiore resarta est. Haec aedificii forma usque hodie manet, sed post novum terrae motum anno [[989]] architectus [[Armenia|Armenus]] [[Tiridates (architectus)|Tiridates]] [[columna]]s et cupolam partim restituit. [[Opus tessellatum|Opera tessellata]] iam [[saeculum 9|saeculo IX]] exeunte ad parietes addita erant ex auro et marmoribus versicoloribus facta. Ecclesia desecrata est anno [[1204]] a militibus [[Quarta expeditio sacra|quartae expeditionis sacrae]]. Eodem tempore, multis ornamentis destructis, aurum et argentum, nec non relicta [[sancti|sanctorum]], in [[Italia]]m, [[Francia]]m, [[Germania]]m, [[Anglia]]m remota sunt.

Anno [[1453]], Constantinopoli a  [[Mahometus II (sultanus Ottomanicus)|Mahometo II]] [[sultanus|sultano]] [[Ottomanidae|Ottomanidarum]] capto, ecclesia Sanctae Sophiae in [[mescita]]m conversa est. Inter annos 1847 et 1849, structura et ornamenta ab architecto [[Casparus Traianus Fossati|Casparo Traiano Fossati]] refecta sunt, qui [[opus tessellatum|opera tessellata]] (iure [[Islam]]ico celata) revelavit, restituit rursusque celavit. Die [[1 Februarii]] [[1935]] Praeside [[Turcia]]e [[Kemal Ataturk]] mescita in museum conversa est, usque ad diem [[24 Iulii]] [[2020]], quo [[meschita]] reaperta est a [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]].

== Notae ==
<references />

== Testimonia ==
* [[Procopius]], ''[[De aedificiis (Procopius)|De aedificiis]]''
* [[Paulus Silentiarius]], ''[[Descriptio Sanctae Sophiae]]''
* [[Ioannes Malalas]], ''[[Chronographia (Malalas)|Chronographia]]'' p. 420 Dindorf

== Bibliographia ==
; Opera antiquiora
* [[Eugenius Antoniades|E. M. Antoniadi]], "St. Sophia, Constantinople" in ''Knowledge'' (Feb., Mar., Apr. 1903) [http://ambrosia.ascsa.edu.gr:8991/F/Y35MINUF5613VXSTEE1H9SN455GM8DGKUI6VKPRJ6CBM5Y564Y-12663?func=full-set-selected Citatio huius operis bibliographica]
* {{DuCangeHB}} vol. 2 pars 2 [http://archive.org/stream/historiabyzantin00duca#page/n595/mode/2up tabulae] et [http://archive.org/stream/historiabyzantin00duca#page/4/mode/2up pp. 5-78]
* G. Fossati, ''Ayasofia, Constantinople, as recently restored by order of H. M. the Sultan Abdul Medjid''. Londinii, 1852.
* [[Gulielmus Ricardus Lethaby|W. Lethaby]], H. Swainson, ''The Church of St. Sophia, Constantinople; a study of Byzantine building''. Novi Eboraci, 1894 [https://archive.org/details/gri_33125001110812/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''

; Opera recentiora
* M. Ahunbay, Z. Ahunbay, "Structural Influence of Hagia Sophia on Ottoman Mosque Architecture" in R. Mark, A. Çakmak, edd., ''Hagia Sophia: From the Age of Justinian to the Present'' (Cantabrigiae, 1992) pp. 179–94.
* John Patrick Douglas Balfour, ''Hagia Sophia''. Novi Eboraci: W. W. Norton, 1972. ISBN 978-0-88225-014-4.
* Fergus M. Bordewich, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090319055125/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/Fading-Glory.html?c=y&page=1 A Monumental Struggle to Preserve Hagia Sophia]" in ''Smithsonian Magazine'' (Dec. 2008).
* Robin Cormack, Paul Magdalino et al., "Istanbul, III. Buildings, 1. Hagia Sophia" in ''[[Grove Art Online]]'' ([http://www.oxfordartonline.com Situs venalis]).
* K. R. Dark, J. Kostenec, "The Byzantine Patriarchate in Constantinople and the Baptistery of the Church of Hagia Sophia" in ''Architectura'' vol. 36 no. 2 (2006) pp. 123-129.
* Silvia Foschi, "[http://www.cisapalladio.org/annali/pdf/a14_01_foschi.pdf Santa Sofia di Costantinopoli: immagini dall'Occidente]" in ''Annali di architettura'' no. 14 (2002) pp. 7-33.
* Alessandra Giuglia Guidobaldi, Claudia Barsanti, ''Santa Sofia di Costantinopoli: l'arredo marmoreo della grande chiesa giustinianea.'' Città del Vaticano 2004. ISBN 88-85991-36-X.
* Volker Hoffmann, ed., ''Die Hagia Sophia in Istanbul. Bilder aus sechs Jahrhunderten und Gaspare Fossatis Restaurierung der Jahre 1847 bis 1849. Katalog der Ausstellung im Bernischen Historischen Museum, 12. Mai – 11. Juli 1999 und im Winckelmann-Museum Stendal, 24. Juli – 26. September 1999.'' Bernae: Lang, 1999. ISBN 3-906762-81-5.
* Kádár Zoltán, Németh György, Tompos Erzsébet, ''A Hagia Szophia''. Budapestini, 1987. ISBN 963-336-284-9.
* Heinz Kähler, ''Die Hagia Sophia.'' Berolini: Praeger, 1967.
* W. Eugene Kleinbauer, ''Saint Sophia at Constantinople: singulariter in mundo.'' Dublin Novae Hantoniae: Bauhan, 1999. ISBN 0-87233-123-7.
* W. Eugene Kleinbauer, Anthony White, Henry Matthews, ''Hagia Sophia.'' Londinii etc.: Scala, 2004. ISBN 1-85759-308-1.
* Jan Kostenec, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130509231216/http://constantinople.ehw.gr/forms/fLemmaBodyExtended.aspx?lemmaID=11761 Αγία Σοφία (Ayasofya Müzesi)]" (2007) in ''[[Encyclopaedia of the Hellenic World: Constantinople]].'' {{Ling|Neograece|Anglice}}
* Rowland J. Mainstone, ''Hagia Sophia: Architecture, Structure and Liturgy of Justinian's Great Church''. Londinii: Thames & Hudson, 1988. ISBN 0-500-34098-6.
* Cyril Mango, ''Materials for the study of the mosaics of St. Sophia at Istanbul.'' Dumbarton Oaks Studies 8, Washington: Dumbarton Oaks, 1962.
* R. Mark, A. Çakmak, edd., ''Hagia Sophia: From the Ag.e of Justinian to the Present''. Cantabrigiae, 1992.
* G. Necipoǧlu, "The Life of an Imperial Monument: Hagia Sophia after Byzantium" in R. Mark, A. Çakmak, edd., ''Hagia Sophia: From the Age of Justinian to the Present'' (Cantabrigiae, 1992) pp. 195–225.
* Tulay Aksu Özkul, Eiichi Kuribayashi, "Structural characteristics of Hagia Sophia, 1. A finite element formulation for static analysis", "2. A finite element formulation for dynamic analysis" in ''Building and Environment'' vol. 42 (2007) pp. 1212-1218, 2100-2106.
* S. Richmond, "'Peculiarly the House of God': Turkish Treatment and Perception of Hagia Sophia Church and Mosque" in ''Al-‛Usur al-Wusta'' vol. 15 no. 2 (2003) pp. 25–30.
* A. M. Schneider, ''Die Grabung im Westhof der Sophienkirche zu Istanbul''. Berolini, 1941.
* Wolfgang Christian Schneider, "Sorgefrei und im Tanz der Weisheit: Philosophie und Theologie im Kuppel rund der Hagia Sophia Justinians" in ''Castrum Peregrini'' no. 271–272 (2006) pp. 52–90.
* Helge Svenshon, Rudolf H. W. Stichel, edd., ''Einblicke in den virtuellen Himmel: neue und alte Bilder vom Inneren der Hagia Sophia in Istanbul; eine Ausstellung der Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 19. Februar bis 20. März 2008.'' Tubingae: Wasmuth, 2008. ISBN 978-3-8030-0691-2.
* R. Taylor, "A Literary and Structural Analysis of the First Dome on Justinian's Hagia Sophia, Constantinople" in ''Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'' vol. 55 (1996) pp. 66-78
* Natalia B. Teteriatnikov, ''Mosaics of Hagia Sophia, Istanbul: the Fossati restoration and the work of the Byzantine Institute.'' Washington DC, 1998. ISBN 0-88402-264-1.
* R. L. Van Nice, ''St Sophia in Istanbul: An Architectural Survey''. Vasingtoniae, 1965–86. 2 voll.
* Stéphane Yerasimos, ''La fondation de Constantinople et de Sainte-Sophie dans les traditions turques''. Lutetiae: Maisonneuve, 1990.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Hagia Sophia|Sanctam Sophiam}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130319011747/http://beneaththehagiasophia.com/ Beneath the Hagia Sophia Project]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130120231652/http://www.arkeo3d.com/byzantium1200/hagia.html Hagia Sophia]: reconstructio apud ''Byzantium 1200''
* "[http://www.lisa.gerda-henkel-stiftung.de/content.php?nav_id=3486 Die Hagia Sophia Justinians: Mathematischer Raum als Bühne des Kaisers]" Inceptum directoribus Helge Svenshon, Rudolf Stichel, Oliver Hauck, Andreas Noback]

{{Urbs Constantinopolis mediaevalis}}
{{1000 paginae}}

[[Categoria:Ars byzantina]]
[[Categoria:Confecta 537]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Constantinopolis]]
[[Categoria:Constantinopolis mediaevalis]]
[[Categoria:Turciae meschitae|Sanctae Sophiae]]
[[Categoria:Ecclesiae cathedrales|Constantinopolis]]
[[Categoria:Iustinianus]]
[[Categoria:Patriarchatus Oecumenicus Constantinopolitanus]]

{{Myrias|Ars}}