Fontem paginae Res publica popularis Sinarum inspicere

{{Capsa civitatis Vicidata}}{{videdis|Sinae}}
'''Sinae''' ([[Sinice]] [[wikt:en:中国|中国]] vel [[wikt:en:中國|中國]], [[Mandarinice]] ''Zhōngguó''), rite '''Res publica popularis Sinarum''', est [[civitas sui iuris]] in [[Asia Orientalis|Asia Orientali]] sita, frequentissima [[tellus|orbis terrarum]] [[civitas]], cui [[numerus]] civium est plus quam 1.4 billiones. Sinae sunt [[civitas factionis singulae]] a [[Factio Communistae Sinensis|Factione Communista]] administrata, [[sedes administrationis|sede administrationis]] [[Pechinum|Pecini]] in [[caput (urbs)|capite]] sita.<ref name="Walton2001">{{Cite book |last=Walton |first=Greg |coauthors=International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development |title=China's golden shield: Corporations and the development of surveillance technology in the People's Republic of China |publisher=Rights & Democracy |year=[[2001]] |page=5 |chapter=Executive Summary |isbn=9782922084429 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=S9rP0A2q14UC&lpg=PA4&dq=single-party%20%22people's%20republic%20of%20china%22&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q=%22single-party%20state%22}}.</ref> Iurisdictionem efficit in viginti duabus [[Provincia Rei Publicae Popularis Sinarum|provinciis]], [[quinque]] [[Regiones Autonomae Rei Publicae Popularis Sinarum|regionibus autonomis]], [[quattuor]] [[municipia recte temperata Rei Publicae Popularis Sinarum|municipiis recte temperatis]] (Pechinum, [[Tianjin]], [[Sciamhaevum]], [[Chungkina]]), et [[duo|duabus]] [[praecipua regio administrativa Rei Publicae Popularis Sinarum|praecipuis regionibus administrativis]]<!--special administrative regions--> plerumque se gubernantibus ([[Hongkongum]] et [[Macaum]]).<ref name="Ref_a">{{cite web|url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Sino-British_Joint_Declaration |title=Sino-British Joint Declaration|year=[[1984]]|publisher=Wikisource |accessdate=[[8 Septembris]] [[2008]]}}.</ref> Res Publica Popularis Sinarum praeterea [[Regio libera Rei Publicae Sinarum|Taivaniam]]<!--free area of the RPS--> repetit, quae a [[Res Publica Sinarum|Re Publica Sinarum]], [[civilitas|re politica]] omnino separata, temperatur, ut haec maior [[insula]] et suae parvae insulae sint sua [[Provincia Taivania (Res Publica Popularis Sinarum)|provincia vicensima tertia]]—postulatio controversa ob implicationes [[status politicus Taivaniae|status politici Taivaniae]] et [[Bellum Civile Sinense|Belli Civilis Sinensis]] imperfecti. [[Nomen proprium|Nomen]] cuiusdam populi huius [[regio]]nis in [[lingua Latina]] a maioribus posteris traditum est ''[[Seres]]'' ([[Graece]] Σῆρες), terra eorum '''Terra Serica.'''

== Lingua ==
Sinae multis [[lingua Sinica|linguae Sinicae]] [[dialectus|dialectis]] utuntur, quarum princeps est [[lingua Sinensis Mandarinica|Mandarinica]]. Lingua Sinica a Latina valde differt. [[Syllaba]]s paucas habet, at verba ex una syllaba tantum constat. Ut syllabarum augeat varietatem, utitur [[tonus (lingua)|tonis]] variis, qui altum sonum, labientem, ascendentem, et resurgentem includunt. Cum quinto tono neutrali, Mandarinica quinque tonos, sed aliae dialectus plures habent.

== Historia, temporibus ordinata ==
[[Fasciculus:Territories of Dynasties in China.gif|thumb|upright=1.2|Historia hic videtur.]]
{{div col|2}}
* [[Tres Augusti et Quinque Imperatores]]
* [[Domus Xia]]
* [[Domus Shang]]
* [[Domus Zhou]]
** [[Aevum Veris et Autumni]]
** [[Aevum Civitatum Bellantium]]
* [[Domus Qin]]
* [[Domus Han]]
* [[Tria Regna]]
* [[Domus Jin]]
* [[Domus Septentrionales et Meridionales]]
* [[Domus Sui]]
* [[Domus Tang]]
* [[Quinque Domus et Decem Regni]]
* [[Domus Song]]
* [[Domus Yuan]]
* [[Domus Ming]]
* [[Domus Tsingiana]]
* [[Secundum Bellum Sino-Iaponense]]
* [[Res Publica Sinarum]]
{{div col end}}

[[Qinshihuang]], primus [[imperator]], qui [[Murus Sinicus|Longum Sinarum Murum]] construxit, nomen suum civitati anno [[221 a.C.n.]] dedit. Imperatores gubernationem instituerunt. Imperatores gubernabant actiones et litteras virorum doctorum. Imperium anno [[1911]] conlapsum est.

Maioribus [[Bellum Civile Sinense|Belli Civilis Sinensis]] certaminibus confectis, [[Communistica Sinarum Factio]] Sinam Continentalem regebat et [[Res publica Sinarum]] regebat in [[Taivania]]. Die [[16 Maii]] [[1966]] in Re Publica Populari Sinarum duce [[Mao Zedong]] [[Magna Culturae Conversio Proletariana]] coepta est. Anno [[1978]] dux [[Deng Xiaoping]] [[Reformatio et Apertum|Reformationem et Apertum]] facit.

== Geographia ==
[[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] Sinae est [[Pechinum]] (北京 '[[Antiqua capita Sinensia|Caput Septentrionalis]]'). Urbs maxima in [[Sina]] est [[Siamhaevum]]. Flumina [[Flumen Flavum|Flavum]] et [[Flumen Longum|Longum]] sunt valde lata et magna, in ripis fluminum et secundum mare sunt multa oppida et civitates.

=== Flumina ===
* [[Fluvius Longus]] (長江)
* [[Flumen Luteum]] (黃河)<ref>Francisco Sobrino, ''Nouveau dictionnaire de Sobrino: françois, espagnol et latin . . . enrichi d'un Dictionnaire abregé de géographie'' (Frères de Tournes, 1769, [http://books.google.com/books?id=ZYkSAAAAIAAJ liber apud books.google.com], p. 560.</ref>
* [[Flumen Margaritarum]] (珠江)
* [[Flumen Draconis Nigri]] (黑龍江)
* [[Leao]]

===Lacus===
* [[Lacus Kukunor|Kukunor]]
* [[Lacus Chanka|Chanka]]
* [[Lob Nor]]
* [[Lacus Poyang|Poyang]]
* [[Dalainor]]

=== Montes ===
* [[Himalaia]], in qua mons altissimus Telluris [[Everestius mons]] est.
* [[Altai]]
* [[Qin Mons]], qui Sinam dividit in duas partes, "Meridiem" et "Septentrionem"
* [[Cunlun]]

=== Deserta ===
* [[Desertum Gobium]]
* [[Desertum Lop]]

=== Provinciae (省) ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Nomina Latina !! Pinyin !! Scriptura<br />Sinica<br />Simplex !! Caput<br />Nomina Latina !! Pinyin !! Scriptura<br />Sinica<br />Simplex
|-
|[[Anhui]]ensis<ref name="bio"/>
|''Ānhuī''
|安徽
| [[Hefei]]ensis<ref name="bio"/>
|''Héféi''
|合肥
|- {{ligne grise}}
|Fochiensis<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexfons}}</ref><br />Fokien<ref name="Catholic">[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/qview6.html Index Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]</ref><br />[[Fujian]]ensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Fújiàn''
|福建
|[[Focheum]]<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Fuceuvensis<ref name="Catholic" /><br />Fuzhouensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Fúzhōu''
|福州
|-----
|[[Gansu]]ensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Gānsù''
|甘肃
|[[Lanzhou]]ensis<ref name="bio" /><br />Lanceuvensis<ref name="Catholic" />
|''Lánzhōu''
|兰州
|- {{ligne grise}}
|[[Quantunia]]<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Guangdongensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Guǎngdōng''
|广东
|[[Quancheum]]<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Canto Sinarum<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=fj8-AAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA128-IA4&lpg=RA1-PA128-IA4&dq=%22Canto+Sinarum%22&source=bl&ots=EyD3x3LlaV&sig=KIYf9A6_FIhJMJRnaL9-CqML6BU&hl=en&ei=-Qk_S-HpBorkmwOhqPjOBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Canto%20Sinarum%22&f=false Nomenclator botanicus: omnes [[planta]]e a C. a Linnaeo descriptae: Saxifraga].</ref><ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=600&taxon_id=108287 Crateva in South China Botanical Garden Herbarium @ efloras.org]</ref><br />Coamceuvensis<ref name="Catholic" /><br />Guangzhouensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Guǎngzhōu''
|广州
|-
|[[Queichea]]<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Guizhouensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Guìzhōu''
|贵州
|[[Queiyanga]]<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Coeiiamensis<ref name="Catholic" /><br />Guiyangensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Guìyáng''
|贵阳
|- {{ligne grise}}
|[[Hainania]]<ref name="Catholic" /><br />Hainanensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Hǎinán''
|海南
|[[Haikou]]ensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Hǎikǒu''
|海口
|-
|[[Hebei]]ensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Héběi''
|河北
|[[Shijiazhuang]]
|''Shíjiāzhuāng''
|石家庄
|- {{ligne grise}}
|[[Heilongjiang]]ensis, Heilongjianensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Hēilóngjiāng''
|黑龙江
|[[Harbinia]]<ref name="Catholic" /><br />Harbinensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Hāěrbīn''
|哈尔滨
|-
|[[Honania]]<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Ho-Nanensis<ref name="Catholic" /><br />Honanensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Hénán''
|河南
|[[Zhengzhou]]<br />Cemceuvensis<ref name="Catholic" /><br />Zhengzhouensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Zhèngzhōu''
|郑州
|- {{ligne grise}}
|[[Hubei]]ensis<ref name="bio" /><br />Hupè<ref name="Catholic" />
|''Húběi''
|湖北
|[[Wuhan]]ensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Wǔhàn''
|武汉
|-
|[[Hunan]]ensis<ref name="Catholic" /><ref name="bio" />
|''Húnán''
|湖南
|Changxa<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Ciamscia<ref name="Catholic" /><br />[[Changsha]]ensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Chángshā''
|长沙
|- {{ligne grise}}
|[[Jiangsu]]ensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Jiāngsū''
|江苏
|Nanquinum<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />[[Nanchinum]]<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Nanchinum<ref name="Catholic" /><br />Nanjingensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Nánjīng''
|南京
|-
|[[Quiansia]]<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Jiangxiensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Jiāngxī''
|江西
|[[Nancianga]]<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Nanciamensis<ref name="Catholic" /><br />Nanchangensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Nánchāng''
|南昌
|- {{ligne grise}}
|[[Jilinensis]]<ref name="bio" /><br />Chilinensis<ref name="Catholic" />
|''[[Jilin|Jílín]]''
|吉林
|[[Changchun]]ensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Chángchūn''
|长春
|-
|[[Liaoning]]ensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Liáoníng''
|辽宁
|[[Shenyang]]ensis<ref name="bio" /><br />Fomtien<ref name="Catholic" /><br />Moukden<ref name="Catholic" />
|''Shěnyáng''
|沈阳
|- {{ligne grise}}
|[[Qinghai]]ensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Qīnghǎi''
|青海
|[[Xining]]ensis<ref name="bio" /><br />Siningensis<ref name="Catholic" />
|''Xīníng''
|西宁
|- {{ligne grise}}
|[[Xantonia]]<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Scian-Ton<ref name="Catholic" /><br />Shandongensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Shāndōng''
|山东
|[[Cinanum]]<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Zinan<ref name="Catholic" /><br />Jinanensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Jǐnán''
|济南
|-
|[[Xensia]]<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Scen-Si<ref name="Catholic" /><br />Shaanxiensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Shǎnxī''
|陕西
|Siganum, Sina, Sinae<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Singanensis<ref name="Catholic" /><br />[[Xian]]ensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Xī'ān''
|西安
|-
|[[Xansia]]<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Scian-Si<ref name="Catholic" /><br />Shanxiensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Shānxī''
|山西
|[[Taiyuenum]]<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />[[Taeiuen]]<ref name="Catholic" /><br />Taiyuanensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Tàiyuán''
|太原
|- {{ligne grise}}
|[[Suchuen|Suchuensis]]<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Se-Ciuen<ref name="Catholic" /><br />Sichuanensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Sìchuān''
|四川
|[[Chengdu|Chingtum]]<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Cemtu<ref name="Catholic" /><br />Chengduensis<ref name="bio">Nomina biologica</ref>
|''Chéngdū''
|成都
|- {{ligne grise}}
|Iunannia<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Yünnan<ref name="Catholic" /><br />[[Yunnan]]ensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Yúnnán''
|云南
|[[Kunming]]ensis<ref name="bio" /><br />Coenmimensis<ref name="Catholic" />
|''Kūnmíng''
|昆明
|-
|Chequianensis<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Ce-Kiam<ref name="Catholic" /><br />[[Zhejiang]]ensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Zhèjiāng''
|浙江
|[[Hancheum]]<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Hamceu<ref name="Catholic" /><br />Hangzhouensis<ref name="bio" />
|''Hángzhōu''
|杭州
|-
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Res publica popularis Sinarum affirmat [[Taivaniam]] [[Taivania provincia (Res publica popularis Sinarum)|provinciam suam vicesimam tertiam]] esse, tametsi Taivania hoc tempore administratur a [[Res publica Sinarum|Re publica Sinarum]], quae affirmationem RPPS abnuit.<ref name="Ref_ap">Gwillim Law (2 April 2005). [http://www.statoids.com/ucn.html Provinces of China]. Retrieved 15 April 2006.</ref>

=== Regiones Autonomae (自治区) ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Latine !! Pinyin !! Scriptura<br />Sinica<br />Simplex !! Scriptura<br />Altera !! Caput<br />Latine !! Pinyin !! Scriptura<br />Sinica<br />Simplex !! Scriptura<br />Altera
|-
|[[Mongolia Citerior]]
|''Nèiměnggǔ''
|内蒙古
|Өвөр Монгол {{ling|Mongolice}}
|[[Huhehaote]]
|''Hūhéhàotè''
|呼和浩特
|Хөх хот {{ling|Mongolice}}
|-
|[[Quansia]]<ref name="Hofmann" />
|''Guǎngxī''
|广西
|Gvangjsih {{ling|Zhuang}}
|[[Nanning]]<ref name="Catholic" />
|''Nánníng''
|南宁
|Namzningz {{ling|Zhuang}}
|-
|[[Ningxia|Nimscia]]<ref name="Catholic" />
|''Níngxià''
|宁夏
|
|[[Yinchuan]]
|''Yínchuān''
|银川
|
|- {{ligne grise}}
|[[Tibetum]]
|''Xīzàng''
|西藏
|བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས། {{ling|Thibetice}}
|[[Lhasa]]
|''Lāsà''
|拉萨
|ལྷ་ས། {{ling|Thibetice}}
|-
|[[Xinjiang|Sinkiang]]<ref name="Catholic" />
|''Xīnjiāng''
|新疆
|شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى {{ling|Uigure}}
|[[Ürümqi]]
|''Wūlǔmùqí''
|乌鲁木齐
|ئۈرۈمچی {{ling|Uigure}}
|-
|}

=== Metropoles (直辖市) ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Latine !! Pinyin !! Scriptura<br />Sinica<br />Simplex
|-
|[[Pechinum]]
|''Běijīng''
|北京
|-
|[[Chungkina]]<ref name="Hofmann" /><br />Ciomchimensis<ref name="Catholic" />
|''Chóngqìng''
|重庆
|-
|[[Sciamhaevum|Sciamhaevensis]]<ref name="Catholic" /><br />Sanghaevum<br />Siamhaevum
|''Shànghǎi''
|上海
|-
|[[Tianjin]]<br />Tienzinensis<ref name="Catholic" />
|''Tiānjīn''
|天津
|}

=== Regio Administrata Praecipua (特别行政区) ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Latine !! Pinyin !! Yalensis !! Scriptura<br />Sinica<br />Simplex !! Scriptura<br />Sinica<br />Traditionis !!Scriptura<br />Altera
|-
|[[Hongcongum]]
|''Xiānggǎng''
|''Hēunggóng''
|香港
|香港
|Hong Kong {{ling|Anglice}}
|-
|[[Macaum]]
|''Àomén''
|''Oumùhn''
|澳门
|澳門
|Macau {{ling|Lusitanice}}
|-
|}

=== Insulae ===
* [[Formosa]] / [[Taivania]] (Maxima clamata)
* [[Hainania]] (Maxima administata)
* [[Insulae trium Harenaerum]] (Sinice 三沙群島)
* [[Insula Diaoyu]] (Sinice 釣魚島/釣魚臺, clamata cum [[Iaponia]])

== Religio ==
Inter novas [[religio]]nes Sinicas sunt [[Beili Wang]], [[Clamatores]], et [[Fulmen Orientale]].

== Notae ==
<references/>

== Bibliographia ==
*Darimont, Barbara. [[2020]]. ''Wirtschaftspolitik der Volksrepublik China.'' Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler. ISBN 978-3-658-28305-6.
*Dychtwald, Zak. [[2018]]. ''Young China. How the restless generation will change their country and the world.'' Novi Eboraci: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1-250-07881-0.
*Fischer, Doris, et Christoph Müller-Hofestede, eds. [[2014]]. ''Länderbericht China.'' Bonnae: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung. ISBN 978-3-8389-0501-3.
*Haas, Benjamin. [[2017]]. [https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/mar/20/china-100-cities-populations-bigger-liverpool "More than 100 Chinese cities now above 1 million people."] ''[[The Guardian]],'' 20 Martii 2017.
*Hamilton, Clive, et Mareike Ohlberg. [[2020]]. ''Die lautlose Eroberung: Wie China westliche Demokratien unterwandert und die Welt neu ordnet.'' Monaci: Deutsche Verlagsanstalt. ISBN 978-3-421-04863-9.
*Hefele, Peter, et Andreas Dittrich.[[2011]]. "Die Mittelschicht in China: Triebkraft eines demokratischen Wandels oder Garant des Status Quo?" ''KAS-Auslandsinformationen'' 12: 60–77.
*Kernic, Franz, et Gunther Hauser, eds. [[2009]]. ''China: The rising power.'' Francofurti: Lang. ISBN 978-3-631-58269-5.
*Mühlhahn, Klaus. [[2017]]. ''Die Volksrepublik China.'' Berolini: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-035530-7.
*Osnos, Evan. [[2015]]. ''Große Ambitionen: Chinas grenzenloser Traum.'' Berolini: Suhrkamp. ISBN 978-3-518-42483-4.
*Ringen, Stein. [[2016]]. ''The Perfect Dictatorship: China in the 21st Century.'' Honcongi: Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978-988-8208-94-4.
*Strittmatter, Kai. [[2018]]. ''Die Neuerfindung der Diktatur: Wie China den digitalen Überwachungsstaat aufbaut und uns damit herausfordert.'' Monaci: Piper. ISBN 978-3-492-05895-7.
*Zhao, Tingyang. [[2020]]. ''Alles unter dem Himmel: Vergangenheit und Zukunft der Weltordnung.'' Suhrkamp. ISBN 978-3-518-29882-4.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Sinarum]]
* [[Cao Cao]]
* [[Philatelia Asiana]]
* [[Renminbi]]
* [[Sungteius]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|People's Republic of China|Rem publicam popularem Sinarum}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
* [http://www.gov.cn Concilium rei publicae] {{ling|Sinice|Anglice}}
* ''[https://sinocism.com/ Sinocism]'': de rebus politicis et commercialibus Sinicis ephemeris {{Ling|Anglice|Sinice}}

{{Asia}}
{{Capsae collectae|Res publica popularis Sinarum|politica|{{Principes rei publicae popularis Sinarum}}{{Praesides consilii rei publicae popularis Sinarum}}{{Ministri rerum externarum rei publicae popularis Sinarum}}}}
{{Capsae collectae|Serica|geographica|{{Provinciae Sericae}}{{Urbes Sericae maximae}}}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sinarum popularis}}
{{1000 paginae}}
{{Myrias|Geographia}}
[[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1949]]
[[Categoria:Nationes Asiae]]
[[Categoria:Sinae|!]]