Bellum Patrium

Napoleo Bonaparte apud Vorotunum. Opus pictoris Russici Basilii Vereščagin, saeculo undevicensimo factum.

Bellum Patrium anni 1812 (Russice Отечественная война 1812 года; Francogallice Campagne de Russie, i.e. 'Expeditio Russica') fuit bellum a Napoleone Bonaparte motum ad Imperium Russicum iterum in Systema Continentale cogendum. Haec incursio in Russiam est una ex expeditionibus militaribus plenissime in historia Europae investigatis, atque inter maxime mortifera opera militaria in historia orbis terrarum numeratur. Post minus quam sex menses, paene millio militum mortui sunt.

Historia

Mense Iunio anno 1812 copiae Napoleonis Imperium Russicum sine declaratione belli invaserunt et initio prospere bellabant. Exercitus Russicus, Michaele Barclay de Tolly et Petro Bagration ducibus, cedebat. Pugnae prope vicum Kljasticy (quae ab 30 Iulii ad 1 Augusti durabat) gratia, finitus est incessus copiarum hostiarum ad Petropolim. A die 16 ad diem 18 Augusti accidit pugna Smolenscensis. Die 20 Augusti impositus est novus imperator copiarum Russicarum: Michael Kutuzov. 7 Septembris (26 Augusti Calendarii Iuliani) accidit Proelium Vorotunense, belli illius gravissimum. Initio Septembris Russi concesserunt de Moscua, quae urbs paulo post occupata est a copiis Napoleonis. Sed mense Octobri anno 1812 Napoleo cum suo exercitu, cuius conditio facta fuerat mala, de Moscua concessit. Dein copiae Francicae cedebant et mense Decembri anno 1812 e Russia eiectae sunt.

Nexus interni

• Apertura 1812

Bibliographia

• Austin, Paul Britten (1996). 1812: The Great Retreat. Greenhill Press. ISBN 978-1-85367-246-0 .
• Bodart, Gaston (1908). Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618-1905) .
• Bodart, Gaston (1916). Losses of Life in Modern Wars, Austria-Hungary; France. ISBN 978-1371465520 .
• Bourgogne, Adrien Jean Baptiste François (1899). Cottin, Paul; Hénault, Maurice. eds. Memoirs of Sergeant Bourgogne (1812-1813). Londinii: William Heinemann, reimpressus apud Moscow: Ripol Classic. ISBN 5875000767 .
• Caulaincourt, Armand-Augustin-Louis de (1935). With Napoleon in Russia: the memoirs of General de Caulaincourt (translated by Jean Hanoteau ed.) .
• Clausewitz, Carl von (1906). Der Feldzug 1812 in Russland .
• Clausewitz, Carl von (1843). The campaign of 1812 in Russia. Londinii: John Murray Publishers  And at Google Books here [1] (accessed 7 Ianuarii 2022)..
• Clodfelter, Micheal (2008). Warfare and armed conflicts : a statistical encyclopedia of casualty and other figures, 1494–2007. Ieffersoniae in Carolina Septentrionali: McFarland. ISBN 9786612280498 .
• Davydov, Denis Vasilievich (2010). "Diary of partisan actions" .
• DTIC, Defense Technical Information Center (1998). DTIC ADA398046: The Effects of Infectious Disease on Napoleon's Russian Campaign .
• Elting, J. (1997). Swords Around a Throne: Napoleon's Grande Armée. Novi Eboraci: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80757-2 .
• Fierro, Alfred; Palluel-Guillard, André; Tulard, Jean (1995). Histoire et Dictionnaire du Consulat et de l'Empire. Lutetiae: Éditions Robert Laffont. ISBN 978-2-221-05858-9 .
• Grant, R. G. (2009). Battle: A Visual Journey Through 5,000 Years of Combat. Novi Eboraci: DK Publshing. ISBN 9780756655785 .
• Hay, Mark Edward (2013). "The Dutch Experience and Memory of the Campaign of 1812: a Final Feat of Arms of the Dutch Imperial Contingent". Academia.edu .
• Haythornthwaite, Philip (2012). Borodino 1812: Napoleon's Great Gamble. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781849086974 .
• Helmert, Heinz (1986). Europäische Befreiungskriege 1808 bis 1814/15. Berlin .
• Kagan, Frederick (2007). The End of the Old Order: Napoleon and Europe, 1801–1805. Hachette Books. ISBN 978-0-306-81645-1 .
• Labaume, Eugène (1817). A Circumstantial Narrative of the Campaign in Russia. Hartfordiae Connecticutae: Silas Andrus, et Roffae Novi Eboraci: E. Peck & Co. .
• Leavenworth (2006). "Fighting the Russians in Winter: Three Case Studies" .
• Lefebvre, Georges (1969). Napoleon : from Tilsit to Waterloo, 1807–1815. 2. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231033138 .
• Lentz (2004). Nouvelle histoire du Premier Empire. 2 .
• Lieven, D. C. B (2010). Russia against Napoleon. Viking. ISBN 9780670021574 .
• Markham, Felix (1963). Napoleon. Novi Eboraci: Mentor. ISBN 9780451627988 .
• Marshall-Cornwall, James (1998). Napoleon as Military Commander. Novi Eboraci: Barnes & Noble. ISBN 9780451627988 .
• McLynn, Frank (2011). Napoleon: A Biography .
• Mikaberidze, Alexander (2016). Leggiere, M.. ed. Napoleon and the Operational Art of War. Lugduni Batavorum: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-27034-3 .
• Mikaberidze, Alexander (2007). The Battle of Borodino: Napoleon versus Kutuzov. Londinii: Pen&Sword. ISBN 9781844156030 .
• Mikaberidze, Alexander (2014). "Napoleon's Lost Legions. The Grande Armée Prisoners of War in Russia" .
• Nafziger, George (1984). Napoleon's Invasion of Russia. ISBN 0-88254-681-3 .
• Nafziger, George (2021). "Rear services and foraging in the 1812 campaign: Reasons of Napoleon's defeat" .
• Napoleon-1812 (2021). "Napoleon-1812" .
• Riehn, Richard K. (1990). 1812 : Napoleon's Russian campaign. New York : McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780070527317 .
• Ségur, Philippe Paul, comte de (1980). Napoleon's Russian campaign .
• Stahel, David (2010). Operation Barbarossa and Germany's Defeat in the East (Third Printing ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-76847-4 .
• Tarle, Yevgeny Eugene (1942). Napoleon's Invasion of Russia 1812. Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press .
• Tufte, Edward R. (2001). The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Cheshire Connecticutae : Graphics Press. ISBN 9780961392147 .
• Volin, Lazar (1970). A century of Russian agriculture. From Alexander II to Khrushchev. Cantabrigiae in Massachusetta: Harvard University Press .
• Wilson, Robert Thomas (1860). Narrative of events during the Invasion of Russia by Napoleon Bonaparte, and the Retreat of the French Army, 1812. Londinii: John Murray .
• Zamoyski, Adam (2004). Moscow 1812: Napoleon's Fatal March. Londinii: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-712375-9 .

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Bellum Patrium spectant (Patriotic War 1812, French invasion of Russia).