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Emendatio ex 17:15, 20 Septembris 2021

Imago exemplaris Lutetiae conservati. Non est photogramma sed imago computatro facta, quod nemo chiliogramma publicum videre nec tangere potest.

Chiliogramma^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] (-tis vel -tos, n.)^[2]^[4] sive kilogramma^[2]^[5] (-atis, n. vel -ae, f.)^[2] est mensura massae in systemate metrico (rite in systemate internationali unitatum), una ex septem principalibus physicae mensuris. Eius abbreviatio est chg (seu kg, secundum normas internationales). Late per mundum in scientia, arte ingeniaria, et commercio adhibetur, vulgo in sermone quotidiano chilio et kilo appellata.

Unum chiliogramma (1 chg) primum anno 1795 fuit massa unius litri aquae apud temperaturam quattuor graduum Celsii.^[6] Haec definitio verbis simplex sed usu difficilis erat. Secundum autem recentissimas huius unitatis definitiones, haec cognatio est vera usque ad triginta partes per millionem. Anno 1799, "chiliogramma archivorum" (ut dicitur), ex platino funditum, norma massae factum est. Anno 1889, cylindrus temperationis platini et iridii, prototypus internationalis chiliogrammatis, norma unitatis massae in omne systemate metrico factum est, et sic mansit usque ad annum 2019. Chiliogramma erat ultima ex unitatum systematis internationalis quae per rem corporeum definiebatur.

Historia hodierna

Ab anno 1889 1 chg erat, per definitionem, massa quae continetur in exemplari prisco apud Officinam Internationale in Pondera et Mensuras Lutetiae sito. Exemplar metallis platino (90%) atque iridio (10%) factum est. In forma cylindri 39 mm alti, cum radio 19.5 mm fusum est.

Definitio chiliogrammatis rite die 20 Maii 2019 mutabitur. Quod non iam est subiecta^? de^? exemplaro^? prisco, sed de constante Planckiano ( ${h}$ ), de celeritate luminis ( ${c}$ ) et de definitione secundi, i.e. cyclis radiationis electronum quae inter status fundamentalis atomi Cs 133 moventur ( ${\Delta \nu }$ ):

$1\,{\text{kg}}={\frac {h}{6{,}626\,070\,15\cdot 10^{-34}}}\,{\frac {\text{s}}{{\text{m}}^{2}}}={\frac {299792458^{2}}{9192631770\cdot 6{,}62607015}}\cdot 10^{34}\,{\frac {h\cdot \Delta \nu }{c^{2}}}$

Nexus interni

Notae

↑ Kraus, L. A. (1844), Kritisch-etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon, ed. 3a (Gotingae: Verlag der Deuerlich- und Dieterichschen Buchhandlung).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Schlickum, O. (1879), Lateinisch-deutsches Special-Wörterbuch der pharmazeutischen Wissenschaften (Lipsiae: Ernst Günther’s Verlag).
↑ Gabler, E., & T. C. Winkler (1881), Latijnsch-Hollandsch woordenboek over de geneeskunde en de natuurkundige wetenschappen, ed. secunda (Lugduni Batvaorum: A. W. Sijthoff).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Foster, F. D. (1891-1893), An illustrated medical dictionary. Being a dictionary of the technical terms used by writers on medicine and the collateral sciences, in the Latin, English, French, and German languages (Novi Eboraci: D. Appleton and Company).
↑ Maxwell, T., ed. (1890), Terminologia medica polyglotta (Londinii: J. & A. Churchill / Lutetiae: G. Mason / Philadelphiae: P. Blakiston, Son & Co.
↑ Chiliogramma fuit etiam 1000 grammatum; vice versa, gramma est millensima chiliogrammatis pars.

Bibliographia

Davis, Richard. 2003. "The SI unit of mass." Metrologia 40, no. 6 (fasciculus praecipuus: "Mass"): 299–305. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/40/6/001.
Resnick, Brian. 2019. "The new kilogram just debuted. It's a massive achievement." Vox.com, 20 Maii 2019. Editio interretialis.
Robens, Erich. 2014. "The International Prototype Kilogram." In Balances, Instruments, Manufacturers, History, 62–64. Heidelbergae: Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-36447-1. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36447-1.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad chiliogramma spectant.

Vide chiliogramma in Victionario.

Formula:External media

National Institute of Standards and Technology: "NIST Improves Accuracy of ‘Watt Balance’ Method for Defining the Kilogram." www.nist.gov.
National Physical Laboratory: "Are any problems caused by having the kilogram defined in terms of a physical artefact?" FAQ - Mass & Density, www.npl.co.uk.
NPL: "Avogadro Project." www.npl.co.uk.
NPL: "NPL watt balance." www.npl.co.uk.
Metrologia in Francia: "Watt balance." www.french-metrology.com.
Australian National Measurement Institute. "Redefining the kilogram through the Avogadro constant." www.measurement.gov.au.
International Bureau of Weights and Measures: Situs interretialis ministerii proprius. www.bipm.org.
NZZ Folio: "What a kilogram really weighs."'
NPL. "What are the differences between mass, weight, force and load?" www.npl.co.uk.
BBC. "Getting the measure of a kilogram." news.bbc.co.uk.
NPR. "This Kilogram Has A Weight-Loss Problem." conloquium cum Ricardo Steiner, physico in National Institute of Standards and Technology, www.npr.org.
"Avogadro and molar Planck constants for the redefinition of the kilogram." www.inrim.it.
"Realization of the awaited definition of the kilogram." www.inrim.it.

Unitates Systematis Internationalis: series paginarum brevium


Unitates axiomaticae: Amperium • Candela • Chiliogramma • Kelvin • Metrum • Moles • Secundum Unitates derivatae: Becquerel • Celsii Gradus • Coulomb • Farad • Gray • Henry • Hertz • Joulium • Katal • Lumen • Lux • Newton • Ohmium • Pascalis • Radians • Siemens • Sievert • Steradian • Tesla • Vattium • Voltium • Weber Systema Internationale

[Kraus-1] Kraus, L. A. (1844), Kritisch-etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon, ed. 3a (Gotingae: Verlag der Deuerlich- und Dieterichschen Buchhandlung).

[Schlickum1879-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Schlickum, O. (1879), Lateinisch-deutsches Special-Wörterbuch der pharmazeutischen Wissenschaften (Lipsiae: Ernst Günther’s Verlag).

[Gabler1881-3] Gabler, E., & T. C. Winkler (1881), Latijnsch-Hollandsch woordenboek over de geneeskunde en de natuurkundige wetenschappen, ed. secunda (Lugduni Batvaorum: A. W. Sijthoff).

[Foster1891-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Foster, F. D. (1891-1893), An illustrated medical dictionary. Being a dictionary of the technical terms used by writers on medicine and the collateral sciences, in the Latin, English, French, and German languages (Novi Eboraci: D. Appleton and Company).

[Maxwell1890-5] Maxwell, T., ed. (1890), Terminologia medica polyglotta (Londinii: J. & A. Churchill / Lutetiae: G. Mason / Philadelphiae: P. Blakiston, Son & Co.

[6] Chiliogramma fuit etiam 1000 grammatum; vice versa, gramma est millensima chiliogrammatis pars.

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@@ Linea 3: / Linea 3: @@
 [[Fasciculus:Poids fonte 1 kg 01.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Chiliogramma antiquum.]]
-'''Chiliogramma'''<ref name="Kraus">Kraus, L. A. (1844), ''Kritisch-etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon,'' ed. 3a (Gotingae: Verlag der Deuerlich- und Dieterichschen Buchhandlung).</ref><ref name="Schlickum1879">Schlickum, O. (1879), ''Lateinisch-deutsches Special-Wörterbuch der pharmazeutischen Wissenschaften'' (Lipsiae: Ernst Günther’s Verlag).</ref><ref name="Gabler1881">Gabler, E., & T. C. Winkler (1881), ''Latijnsch-Hollandsch woordenboek over de geneeskunde en de natuurkundige wetenschappen,'' ed. secunda (Lugduni Batvaorum: A. W. Sijthoff).</ref><ref name="Foster1891">Foster, F. D. (1891-1893), ''An illustrated medical dictionary. Being a dictionary of the technical terms used by writers on medicine and the collateral sciences, in the Latin, English, French, and German languages'' (Novi Eboraci: D. Appleton and Company).</ref> {{victio|chiliogramma|tis ''vel'' -tos|n}}<ref name="Schlickum1879"/><ref name="Foster1891"/> sive '''kilogramma'''<ref name="Schlickum1879"/><ref name="Maxwell1890">Maxwell, T., ed. (1890), ''Terminologia medica polyglotta'' (Londinii: J. & A. Churchill / Lutetiae: G. Mason / Philadelphiae: P. Blakiston, Son & Co.</ref> (-atis, ''n.'' ''vel'' -ae, ''f.'')<ref name="Schlickum1879"/> est [[mensura]] [[massa]]e in [[systema metricum|systemate metrico]] (rite in [[Systema internationale unitatum|systemate internationali unitatum]]), una ex [[septem]] principalibus [[physica]]e mensuris. Eius [[abbreviatio]] est '''chg.''' Late per [[mundus|mundum]] in [[scientia (ratio)|scientia]], [[ars ingeniaria|arte ingeniaria]], et [[negotium|commercio]] adhibetur, vulgo in [[sermo]]ne quotidiano '''chilio''' et '''kilo''' appellata.
+'''Chiliogramma'''<ref name="Kraus">Kraus, L. A. (1844), ''Kritisch-etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon,'' ed. 3a (Gotingae: Verlag der Deuerlich- und Dieterichschen Buchhandlung).</ref><ref name="Schlickum1879">Schlickum, O. (1879), ''Lateinisch-deutsches Special-Wörterbuch der pharmazeutischen Wissenschaften'' (Lipsiae: Ernst Günther’s Verlag).</ref><ref name="Gabler1881">Gabler, E., & T. C. Winkler (1881), ''Latijnsch-Hollandsch woordenboek over de geneeskunde en de natuurkundige wetenschappen,'' ed. secunda (Lugduni Batvaorum: A. W. Sijthoff).</ref><ref name="Foster1891">Foster, F. D. (1891-1893), ''An illustrated medical dictionary. Being a dictionary of the technical terms used by writers on medicine and the collateral sciences, in the Latin, English, French, and German languages'' (Novi Eboraci: D. Appleton and Company).</ref> {{victio|chiliogramma|tis ''vel'' -tos|n}}<ref name="Schlickum1879"/><ref name="Foster1891"/> sive '''kilogramma'''<ref name="Schlickum1879"/><ref name="Maxwell1890">Maxwell, T., ed. (1890), ''Terminologia medica polyglotta'' (Londinii: J. & A. Churchill / Lutetiae: G. Mason / Philadelphiae: P. Blakiston, Son & Co.</ref> (-atis, ''n.'' ''vel'' -ae, ''f.'')<ref name="Schlickum1879"/> est [[mensura]] [[massa]]e in [[systema metricum|systemate metrico]] (rite in [[Systema internationale unitatum|systemate internationali unitatum]]), una ex [[septem]] principalibus [[physica]]e mensuris. Eius [[abbreviatio]] est '''chg''' (seu '''kg''', secundum normas internationales). Late per [[mundus|mundum]] in [[scientia (ratio)|scientia]], [[ars ingeniaria|arte ingeniaria]], et [[negotium|commercio]] adhibetur, vulgo in [[sermo]]ne quotidiano '''chilio''' et '''kilo''' appellata.
 Unum chiliogramma (1 chg) primum anno [[1795]] fuit [[massa]] unius [[litrum|litri]] [[aqua]]e apud [[temperatura]]m quattuor graduum [[Andreas Celsius|Celsii]].<ref>Chiliogramma fuit etiam 1000 [[gramma]]tum; vice versa, gramma est millensima chiliogrammatis pars.</ref> Haec definitio [[vocabulum|verbis]] simplex sed usu difficilis erat. Secundum autem recentissimas huius [[unitas|unitatis]] definitiones, haec cognatio est vera usque ad triginta partes per [[millio]]nem. Anno [[1799]], "chiliogramma archivorum" (ut dicitur), ex [[platinum|platino]] funditum, norma massae factum est. Anno [[1889]], [[cylindrus]] temperationis platini et [[iridium|iridii]], [[prototypus internationalis chiliogrammatis]], norma unitatis massae in omne systemate metrico factum est, et sic mansit usque ad annum [[2019]]. Chiliogramma erat ultima ex unitatum systematis internationalis quae per [[res|rem]] [[physica|corporeum]] definiebatur.