Quantum redactiones paginae "Aetas ferrea" differant

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==Tempora==
==Tempora==
[[Fasciculus:Ironageroof.jpg|thumb|Tectum in modum aetatis ferreae factum apud Fundum Butser in [[Hantonia]] [[Angliae]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Ironageroof.jpg|thumb|Tectum in modum aetatis ferreae factum apud Fundum Butser in [[Hantonia]] [[Angliae]].]]
Aetas ferrea coepisse putatur [[saeculum 12 a.C.n.|saeculo duodecimo a.C.n.]] in [[Asia]], [[Persis|Perside]], [[India]] (cum [[civilizatio Vedica|civilizatione Vedica]] post [[Rigveda]]m), et [[Graecia]] (per [[Obscurae Aetates Graecae|Obscuras Aetates Graecas]]). Alibi in [[Europa]], multo serius coepit.<!--The Iron Age began in the 8th century BC in [[Halstatt culture|Central Europe]] and the 6th century BC in [[pre-Roman Iron Age|Northern Europe]]. Iron use, in [[smelting]] and forging for tools, appears in West Africa by 1200 BC, making it one of the first places for the birth of the Iron Age.<ref name="millermintz">Duncan E. Miller and N. J. Van Der Merwe, 'Early Metal Working in Sub Saharan Africa' ''Journal of African History'' 35 (1994) 1–36; Minze Stuiver and N. J. Van Der Merwe, 'Radiocarbon Chronology of the Iron Age in Sub-Saharan Africa' ''Current Anthropology'' 1968.</ref><ref>[http://www.homestead.com/wysinger/ironage.html How Old is the Iron Age in Sub-Saharan Africa?] — by Roderick J. McIntosh, Archaeological Institute of America (1999)</ref> However, it is still not determined whether the use of iron in Africa was invented independently there or was the result of technology transfer from the north.<ref>[http://muse.jhu.edu/demo/history_in_africa/v032/32.1alpern.pdf "Iron in Sub-Saharan Africa,"] a Stanley B. Alpern scriptus (2005).</ref> -->
Aetas ferrea coepisse putatur [[saeculum 12 a.C.n.|saeculo duodecimo a.C.n.]] in [[Asia]], [[Persis|Perside]], [[India]] (cum doctrina Vedica post [[Rigveda]]m), et [[Graecia]] (per [[saecula obscura (Graecia antiqua)|saecula obscura]]). Alibi in [[Europa]] multo serius coepit.<!--The Iron Age began in the 8th century BC in [[Halstatt culture|Central Europe]] and the 6th century BC in [[pre-Roman Iron Age|Northern Europe]]. Iron use, in [[smelting]] and forging for tools, appears in West Africa by 1200 BC, making it one of the first places for the birth of the Iron Age.<ref name="millermintz">Duncan E. Miller and N. J. Van Der Merwe, 'Early Metal Working in Sub Saharan Africa' ''Journal of African History'' 35 (1994) 1–36; Minze Stuiver and N. J. Van Der Merwe, 'Radiocarbon Chronology of the Iron Age in Sub-Saharan Africa' ''Current Anthropology'' 1968.</ref><ref>[http://www.homestead.com/wysinger/ironage.html How Old is the Iron Age in Sub-Saharan Africa?] — by Roderick J. McIntosh, Archaeological Institute of America (1999)</ref> However, it is still not determined whether the use of iron in Africa was invented independently there or was the result of technology transfer from the north.<ref>[http://muse.jhu.edu/demo/history_in_africa/v032/32.1alpern.pdf "Iron in Sub-Saharan Africa,"] a Stanley B. Alpern scriptus (2005).</ref> -->


Aetas ferrea usitate divisa est in duo genera, quae sunt prima aetas ferrea et secunda aetas ferrea. <!-- Ferrea I (1200–1000 a.C.n.) illustrates continuity and discontinuity with the (previous) Late Bronze Age. There is no definitive cultural break between the thirteenth and twelfth centuries throughout the entire [aforesaid] region, though certain new features in the hill country, Transjordan and coastal region may suggest the appearance of the Aramaean and Sea People groups. There is evidence, however, that shows strong continuity with Bronze Age culture, though as one moves later into Iron I, the culture begins to diverge more significantly from that of the late second millennium.-->
Aetas ferrea dividi solet in duo genera, quae sunt prima (1200–1000 a.C.n.) et secunda aetas ferrea. <!-- Ferrea I illustrates continuity and discontinuity with the (previous) Late Bronze Age. There is no definitive cultural break between the thirteenth and twelfth centuries throughout the entire [aforesaid] region, though certain new features in the hill country, Transjordan and coastal region may suggest the appearance of the Aramaean and Sea People groups. There is evidence, however, that shows strong continuity with Bronze Age culture, though as one moves later into Iron I, the culture begins to diverge more significantly from that of the late second millennium.-->


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* [[Index situum archaeologicorum]]
* [[Index situum archaeologicorum]]
* [[Metallurgia Romana]]
* [[Metallurgia Romana]]
* [[Tabula synoptica principalium Mundi Veteris culturarum praehistoricum]]


== Notae ==
== Notae ==

Emendatio ex 12:20, 15 Martii 2021

Unam legis e paginis de
aevis archaeologicis
disserentibus
Broch Dun Carloway apud Lewis Scotiae.

Aetas ferrea[1] in archaeologia fuit tempus in cuiuslibet populi progressu, cum instrumenta usitata praecipue ex ferro facta obtinuerunt. Tempus ortus ascensusque huius metalli saepe cum aliis culturae mutationibus, maxime agricultura, religione, artibusque, conflixit.

In historia, aetas ferrea est proximum tempus princeps post aetatem aeneam in systemate aetatum trium, quo archaeologi societates praehistoricas in genera describunt. Longitudo aetatum et status socialis apud has societates secundum civitatem vel regionem geographicam variantur. Nullum aetatis ferreae tempus disertum in quibusvis societatibus noscitur: solum est tempus cum archaeologia fit minus grave quam historia memoriaeque posteris traditae. Mixturae ferreae sunt populares ut chalybs in plurimis rebus metallicis.

Tempora

Tectum in modum aetatis ferreae factum apud Fundum Butser in Hantonia Angliae.

Aetas ferrea coepisse putatur saeculo duodecimo a.C.n. in Asia, Perside, India (cum doctrina Vedica post Rigvedam), et Graecia (per saecula obscura). Alibi in Europa multo serius coepit.

Aetas ferrea dividi solet in duo genera, quae sunt prima (1200–1000 a.C.n.) et secunda aetas ferrea.

Nexus interni

Notae

  1. ↑ Adumbratio lexici Anglici et Latini 751; Del Col s.v. edad; Reijo Pitkäranta, Lexicon Finnico-Latino-Finnicum. WSOY, 2001; Ebbe Vilborg, Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok. Andra upplagan. Norstedts akademiska förlag, 2009.

Bibliographia

  • Alpern, Stanley B. 2005. Iron in Sub-Saharan Africa.
  • Collis, John. 1984. The European Iron Age. Novi Eboraci: Schocken Books. ISBN 0805239413.
  • Drakonoff, I. M. 1991. Early Antiquity. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-14465-8.
  • Hall, Mark. Towards an Absolute Chronology for the Iron Age in Inner Asia.
  • Haselgrove, C., et R. Pope. 2007. Characterising the Earlier Iron Age. In The Earlier Iron Age in Britain and the Near Continent, ed. C. Haselgrove et R. Pope. Oxoniae: Oxbow.
  • Higham, Charles. 1996. The Bronze Age of Southeast Asia. Cantabrigiae et Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521565057.
  • Mattingly, David J., et John Salmon, eds. 2001. Economies beyond Agriculture in the Classical World. Londinii et Novi Eboraci: Routledge. ISBN 0415212537.
  • Miller, Duncan E., et N. J. Van Der Merwe. 1994. Early Metal Working in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of African History 35:1–36.
  • Muhly, James D. 2003. Metalworking/Mining in the Levant. In Near Eastern Archaeology, ed. Suzanne Richard, 174–183.
  • Schmidt, Peter, et Donald H. Avery. 1978. Complex Iron Smelting and Prehistoric Culture in Tanzania. Science 201(4361):1085–1089.
  • Snodgrass, A. M. 1967. Arms and Armour of the Greeks. Londini: Thames & Hudson.
  • Snodgrass, A. M. 1971. The Dark Age of Greece. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Spoerl, Joseph S. A Brief History of Iron and Steel Production. Saint Anselm College.
  • Stuiver, Minze, et N. J. Van Der Merwe. 1968. Radiocarbon Chronology of the Iron Age in Sub-Saharan Africa. Current Anthropology.
  • Taylor, Sarah. 1989. The Introduction and Development of Iron Production in Korea. World Archaeology 20(3):422–431.
  • Tewari, Rakesh. The Origins of Iron Working in India: New Evidence from the Central Ganga Plain and the Eastern Vindhyas. Uttar Pradesh State Archaeological Department.
  • Waldbaum, Jane C. 1978. From Bronze to Iron: The Transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age in the Eastern Mediterranean. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology, 54.
  • Webb, Alex. Metalworking in Ancient Greece.
  • Yoon, Dong-suk. 1989. Early Iron Metallurgy in Korea. Archaeological Review from Cambridge 8(1):92–99.

Nexus externi

Haec stipula ad historiam spectat. Amplifica, si potes!


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