Quantum redactiones paginae "Servitus" differant
serfdom -> servitus feudalis |
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[[Fasciculus:Slaves ruvuma.jpg|thumb|[[Arabia|Arabi]] servorum mercatores et eorum capti secundum [[Flumen Ruvuma]], in [[Tanzania]] et [[Mozambicum|Mozambico]] hodiernis.]] |
[[Fasciculus:Slaves ruvuma.jpg|thumb|[[Arabia|Arabi]] servorum mercatores et eorum capti secundum [[Flumen Ruvuma]], in [[Tanzania]] et [[Mozambicum|Mozambico]] hodiernis.]] |
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'''Servitus''' est systema oeconomicum et sociale, in quo homines captivi, scelesti aut aere alieno demersi in [[mercimonium|mercimonii]] loco habentur et ad [[labor coacticius|laborem compelluntur]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Laura Brace | title=The Politics of Property: Labour, Freedom and Belonging|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=osZnIiqDd4sC&pg=PA162 | accessdate=[[31 Maii]] [[2012]] | year=[[2004]] | publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-1535-3|pages=162–}}.</ref> [[Servus]], ut primum captus aut emptus aut natus est, non solum contra [[voluntas|voluntatem]] suam teneri, sed etiam [[ius|iure]] discedendi, laborem recusandi et [[remuneratio]]nem poscendi privari potest. |
'''Servitus''' est systema oeconomicum et sociale, in quo homines captivi, scelesti aut aere alieno demersi in [[mercimonium|mercimonii]] loco habentur et ad [[labor coacticius|laborem compelluntur]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Laura Brace | title=The Politics of Property: Labour, Freedom and Belonging|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=osZnIiqDd4sC&pg=PA162 | accessdate=[[31 Maii]] [[2012]] | year=[[2004]] | publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-1535-3|pages=162–}}.</ref> [[Servus]], ut primum captus aut emptus aut natus est, non solum contra [[voluntas|voluntatem]] suam teneri, sed etiam [[ius|iure]] discedendi, laborem recusandi et [[remuneratio]]nem poscendi privari potest. Servitus per saecula in institutionibus multarum [[societas hominum|societatum]] agnita est; recentioribus autem temporibus servitus in plurimis societatibus interdicitur, sed per [[mos|mores]] [[servitus in aere alieno|servitutis in aere alieno]],<!--debt bondage--> [[servitus per pactum|servitutis per pactum]]<!--indentured servitude-->, [[servitus feudalis]], [[opus domesticum|operis domestici]]<!--d. worker--> captorum custoditorum, certarum [[adoptio]]num (quibus [[labor impuberum|pueri laborare]] ut servi compelluntur), [[militaris puerorum usus|militum puerorum]], et [[matrimonium coacticium|matrimonii compulsi]] persistit.<ref name="modernslavery">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/slavery/modern/modern_2.shtml |title=Religion & Ethics – Modern slavery: Modern forms of slavery |publisher=BBC |date=[[30 Ianuarii]] [[2007]] |accessdate=[[16 Iunii]] [[2009]].}}</ref> |
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Servitus tabulas scriptas antecedit et in multis [[cultura|culturis]] exsistit. [[Numerus]] servorum hodiernorum fortasse est inter 12 [[millio]]nes<ref name="Forced labour – Themes">{{cite web|url=http://www.ilo.org/global/Themes/Forced_Labour/lang--en/index.htm|title=Forced labour – Themes|publisher=Ilo.org|date=|accessdate=[[14 Martii]] [[2010]]}}.</ref> et 27 milliones.<ref name="disposable-bales">{{Cite book|last=Bales|first=Kevin|title=Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy|publisher=University of California Press|year=[[1999]]|page=9|chapter=1|isbn=0-520-21797-7}}.</ref><ref name="BBC Millions 'forced into slavery'">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/2010401.stm|title=BBC Millions 'forced into slavery'|publisher=BBC News |date=[[27 Maii]] [[2002]] | accessdate=[[29 Augusti]] [[2010]]}}.</ref> Plurimi sunt [[servitus in aere alieno|servi in aere alieno]], plerumque in [[Asia Meridiana]], qui ob dolos [[faenerator]]um<!--loan sharks--> in [[aes alienum]] inciderunt, aliquando per generationes.<ref name="newint">{{cite web|url=http://www.newint.org/issue337/facts.htm|title=Slavery in the 21st century|publisher=Newint.org|date=|accessdate=[[29 Augusti]] [[2010]]}}.</ref> [[Mercatus hominum|Commercium humanum]] praecipue ad compellendas [[mulier]]es [[puer]]osque in [[vita meretricia|vitam meretriciam]]<!--prostitution--> adhibetur.<ref name="voa">{{cite web|url=http://www1.voanews. com/english/news/a-13-2009-05-15-voa30-68815957.html|title=Experts encourage action against sex trafficking |publisher=Voice of America|date=2009-05-15|accessdate=2010-08-29}}</ref> |
Servitus tabulas scriptas antecedit et in multis [[cultura|culturis]] exsistit. [[Numerus]] servorum hodiernorum fortasse est inter 12 [[millio]]nes<ref name="Forced labour – Themes">{{cite web|url=http://www.ilo.org/global/Themes/Forced_Labour/lang--en/index.htm|title=Forced labour – Themes|publisher=Ilo.org|date=|accessdate=[[14 Martii]] [[2010]]}}.</ref> et 27 milliones.<ref name="disposable-bales">{{Cite book|last=Bales|first=Kevin|title=Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy|publisher=University of California Press|year=[[1999]]|page=9|chapter=1|isbn=0-520-21797-7}}.</ref><ref name="BBC Millions 'forced into slavery'">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/2010401.stm|title=BBC Millions 'forced into slavery'|publisher=BBC News |date=[[27 Maii]] [[2002]] | accessdate=[[29 Augusti]] [[2010]]}}.</ref> Plurimi sunt [[servitus in aere alieno|servi in aere alieno]], plerumque in [[Asia Meridiana]], qui ob dolos [[faenerator]]um<!--loan sharks--> in [[aes alienum]] inciderunt, aliquando per generationes.<ref name="newint">{{cite web|url=http://www.newint.org/issue337/facts.htm|title=Slavery in the 21st century|publisher=Newint.org|date=|accessdate=[[29 Augusti]] [[2010]]}}.</ref> [[Mercatus hominum|Commercium humanum]] praecipue ad compellendas [[mulier]]es [[puer]]osque in [[vita meretricia|vitam meretriciam]]<!--prostitution--> adhibetur.<ref name="voa">{{cite web|url=http://www1.voanews. com/english/news/a-13-2009-05-15-voa30-68815957.html|title=Experts encourage action against sex trafficking |publisher=Voice of America|date=2009-05-15|accessdate=2010-08-29}}</ref> |
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In [[oeconomia|oeconomiis]] societatum ante [[industria]]m ortam, servi et eorum [[labor]] fuerunt res maximi momenti. Servi et ''serfs'' fuerunt circa tres partes omnium hominum [[saeculum 19|saeculo undevicensimo]] ineunte.<ref>David P. Forsythe, [http://books.google.cz/books?id=1QbX90fmCVUC&pg=&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f ''Encyclopedia of Human Rights, volume 1''] (Oxford University Press, 2009), p. 399, ISBN 0195334027.—"At the beginning of the nineteenth century an estimated three-quarters of all people alive were trapped in bondage against their will either in some form of slavery or serfdom."</ref> |
In [[oeconomia|oeconomiis]] societatum ante [[industria]]m ortam, servi et eorum [[labor]] fuerunt res maximi momenti. Servi et ''serfs'' fuerunt circa tres partes omnium hominum [[saeculum 19|saeculo undevicensimo]] ineunte.<ref>David P. Forsythe, [http://books.google.cz/books?id=1QbX90fmCVUC&pg=&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f ''Encyclopedia of Human Rights, volume 1''] (Oxford University Press, 2009), p. 399, ISBN 0195334027.—"At the beginning of the nineteenth century an estimated three-quarters of all people alive were trapped in bondage against their will either in some form of slavery or serfdom."</ref> |
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[[Internationalis iurum humanorum lex]] |
[[Internationalis iurum humanorum lex]] servitutem in omni forma prohibet. |
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== Etymologia == |
== Etymologia == |
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*[[Labor coacticius]] |
*[[Labor coacticius]] |
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*[[Gulielmus Wilberforce]] |
*[[Gulielmus Wilberforce]] |
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*[[ |
*[[Servitus in epicis Homeri]] |
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*[[Servitudo salariaria]] |
*[[Servitudo salariaria]] |
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*[[Servitudo sexualis]] |
*[[Servitudo sexualis]] |
Emendatio ex 17:46, 31 Maii 2014
Vide etiam paginam discretivam: servitus (discretiva)
Servitus est systema oeconomicum et sociale, in quo homines captivi, scelesti aut aere alieno demersi in mercimonii loco habentur et ad laborem compelluntur.[1] Servus, ut primum captus aut emptus aut natus est, non solum contra voluntatem suam teneri, sed etiam iure discedendi, laborem recusandi et remunerationem poscendi privari potest. Servitus per saecula in institutionibus multarum societatum agnita est; recentioribus autem temporibus servitus in plurimis societatibus interdicitur, sed per mores servitutis in aere alieno, servitutis per pactum, servitus feudalis, operis domestici captorum custoditorum, certarum adoptionum (quibus pueri laborare ut servi compelluntur), militum puerorum, et matrimonii compulsi persistit.[2]
Servitus tabulas scriptas antecedit et in multis culturis exsistit. Numerus servorum hodiernorum fortasse est inter 12 milliones[3] et 27 milliones.[4][5] Plurimi sunt servi in aere alieno, plerumque in Asia Meridiana, qui ob dolos faeneratorum in aes alienum inciderunt, aliquando per generationes.[6] Commercium humanum praecipue ad compellendas mulieres puerosque in vitam meretriciam adhibetur.[7]
In oeconomiis societatum ante industriam ortam, servi et eorum labor fuerunt res maximi momenti. Servi et serfs fuerunt circa tres partes omnium hominum saeculo undevicensimo ineunte.[8]
Internationalis iurum humanorum lex servitutem in omni forma prohibet.
Etymologia
Vocabula classica sunt servitus et servitium, et aliud vocabulum linguae recentioris est servitudo; tria varias significationes translatas habent (vide paginam discretivam). Homo servitute subiectus est servus, cuius synonymum mediaevale, ex saeculo XIX, est sclavus, propter servitutem variarum gentium Slavorum illo tempore in servitium reductarum. Haec est radix vocabulorum in pluribus linguis Europaeis (Italice schiavo, Francogallice esclave, Theodisce Sklave, etc.).
Vide etiam
- Abolitionismus
- Labor coacticius
- Gulielmus Wilberforce
- Servitus in epicis Homeri
- Servitudo salariaria
- Servitudo sexualis
- Servitus (ius)
- Servus
- Tippu Tip
- Lex Aurea
- Mercatus hominum
- Pactio de servitudine (anno 1926)
- Pactio suppletoria de abrogatione servitudinis
- Pactio internationalis de supprimendo mercatu mulierum et impuberum
Notae
- ↑ Laura Brace (2004). The Politics of Property: Labour, Freedom and Belonging. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 162–. ISBN 978-0-7486-1535-3.
- ↑ "Religion & Ethics – Modern slavery: Modern forms of slavery". BBC. 30 Ianuarii 2007
- ↑ "Forced labour – Themes". Ilo.org.
- ↑ Bales, Kevin (1999). "1". Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy. University of California Press. p. 9. ISBN 0-520-21797-7.
- ↑ "BBC Millions 'forced into slavery'". BBC News. 27 Maii 2002.
- ↑ "Slavery in the 21st century". Newint.org.
- ↑ com/english/news/a-13-2009-05-15-voa30-68815957.html "Experts encourage action against sex trafficking". Voice of America. 2009-05-15
- ↑ David P. Forsythe, Encyclopedia of Human Rights, volume 1 (Oxford University Press, 2009), p. 399, ISBN 0195334027.—"At the beginning of the nineteenth century an estimated three-quarters of all people alive were trapped in bondage against their will either in some form of slavery or serfdom."
Bibliographia
- Generalia
- Bales, Kevin. 1999. Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy.
- Campbell, Gwyn, Suzanne Miers, et Joseph C. Miller, eds. 2007. Women and Slavery. Vol. 1: Africa, the Indian Ocean World, and the Medieval Atlantic; Women and Slavery. Vol. 2: The Modern Atlantic.
- Davis, David Brion. 1999. The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770-1823.
- Davis, David Brion. 1988. The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture.
- Doganis, Rigas, Gad Heuman, et James Walvin, eds. 2003. The Slavery Reader. Routledge.
- Drescher, Seymour. 2009. Abolition: A History of Slavery and Antislavery.
- Finkelman, Paul, ed. 1999. Encyclopedia of Slavery.
- Lal, K. S. 1994. Muslim Slave System in Medieval India. ISBN 81-85689-67-9.
- Gordon, M. 1989. Slavery in the Arab World.
- Greene, Jacqueline. 2001. Slavery in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. ISBN 0-531-16538-8.
- Hogendorn, Jan, et Johnson Marion. 1986. The Shell Money of the Slave Trade. African Studies Series, 49. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
- Miers, Suzanne, et Igor Kopytoff, eds. 1979. Slavery In Africa: Historical & Anthropological Perspectives.
- Morgan, Kenneth. 2008. Slavery and the British Empire: From Africa to America.
- Postma, Johannes. 2003. The Atlantic Slave Trade.
- Rodriguez, Junius P., ed. 1997. The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery.
- Rodriguez, Junius P., ed. 2007. Slavery in the United States: A Social, Political, and Historical Encyclopedia.
- Shell, Robert Carl-Heinz. 1994. Children Of Bondage: A Social History of the Slave Society at the Cape of Good Hope, 1652–1813.
- Westermann, William Linn. 1955. The Slave Systems of Greek and Roman Antiquity. ISBN 0-87169-040-3.
- Civitates Foederatae
- Berlin, Ira. 1999. Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America.
- Blackmon, Douglas A. 2008. Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-50625-2, ISBN 978-0-385-50625-0.
- Boles, John. 1983. Black Southerners: 1619–1869.
- Engerman, Stanley L. 1999. Terms of Labor: Slavery, Serfdom, and Free Labor.
- Genovese Eugene D. 1974. Roll, Jordan Roll.
- King, Richard H. 1977. Marxism and the Slave South. American Quarterly 29:117–131. De Genovese 1974.
- Escott, Paul D. 2001. Remembering Slavery: African Americans Talk about Their Personal Experiences of Slavery and Freedom. Journal of Southern History 67.
- Parish, Peter J. 1989. Slavery: History and Historians.
- Phillips, Ulrich B. 1918, 1966. American Negro Slavery: A Survey of the Supply, Employment and Control of Negro Labor as Determined by the Plantation Regime.
- Phillips, Ulrich B. 1928. Life and Labor in the Old South.
- Sellers, James B. 1950. Slavery in Alabama.
- Stampp, Kenneth M. 1956. The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South. De Philipps 1918, 1928.
- Sydnor, Charles S. 1933. Slavery in Mississippi.
- Vorenberg, Michael. 2001. Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment.
- Weinstein, Allen, Frank O. Gatell, et Lewis Sarasohn, eds. 1978. American Negro Slavery: A Modern Reader. Ed. 3a.
- Mintz, Sidney. Slavery Facts & Myths. http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/ (Historia Digitalis).
- Servitudo aevo hodierno
- Bales, Kevin. 2004. Disposable People. New Slavery in the Global Economy. Ed. retractata. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-24384-6.
- Bales, Kevin, ed. 2005. Understanding Global Slavery Today: A Reader. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-24507-5freak.
- Bales, Kevin. 2007. Ending Slavery: How We Free Today's Slaves. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25470-1.
- Brass, Tom. 1999. Towards a Comparative Political Economy of Unfree Labour: Case Studies and Debates. Londinii et Portlandiae Oregoniae: Frank Cass Publishers.
- Brass, Tom, et Marcel van der Linden, eds. 1997. Free and Unfree Labour: The Debate Continues. Bernae: Peter Lang AG.
- Brass, Tom, Marcel van der Linden, et Jan Lucassen. 1993. Free and Unfree Labour. Amstelodami: International Institute for Social History.
- Craig, Gary, Aline Gaus, Mick Wilkinson, Klara Skrivankova, et Aidan McQ­. 2007. Contemporary slavery in the UK: Overview and key issues. Joseph Rowntree Foundation. ISBN 978-1-85935-573-2.
- Nazer, Mende, et Damien Lewis. 2003. Slave: My True Story. ISBN 1-58648-212-2.
- Sage, Jesse, et Liora Kasten. 2008. Enslaved: True Stories of Modern Day Slavery. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-7493-8.
- Somaly Mam Foundation
- Sowell, Thomas. 2005. The Real History of Slavery. In Black Rednecks and White Liberals. Franciscopole: Encounter Books. ISBN 978-1-59403-086-4.
Nexus externi
Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad servitudinem spectant. |
Vide Servitus in Victionario. |
Vicicitatio habet citationes quae ad Servitus spectant. |
- Conlectiones, apud www.ull.ac.uk (University of London)
- "Digital Library on American Slavery," apud library.uncg.edu
- Exhibitio, apud www.marial.emory.edu (Emory University et Oxford College)
- Mémoire St Barth, apud www.memoirestbarth (Comité de Liaison et d'Application des Sources Historiques)
- Museum Servitudinis, apud www.slaverymuseum.co.uk
- Servitudo, apud www.history.com
- Servitudo, apud www.pbs.org (PBS)
- Servitudo ut holocaustus Africanus, apud www.africanholocaust.net
- "Slavery Fact Sheets, Digital History," apud www.digitalhistory.uh.edu
- "Slavery Resource Guide, apud www.loc.gov (Bibliotheca Congressus)
- "Understanding Slavery," apud school.discoveryeducation.com