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[[Fasciculus:NAMA Mystères d'Eleusis.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Tabula votiva |
[[Fasciculus:NAMA Mystères d'Eleusis.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Tabula votiva, Eleusine in sacello reperta, elementa sacrorum Eleusiniorum (medio [[saeculum 4 a.C.n.|saeculo IV]]) depingens.]] |
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[[Fasciculus:NAMA Triade éleusinienne.jpg|thumb|[[Triptolemus]], [[tres|triplicem]] [[Triticum|tritici]] fasciculum praebens, benedictiones [[Demeter|Demetris]] et [[Persephone]]s accipit. ''Relief''{{dubsig}} [[saeculum 5 a.C.n.|saeculi quinti a.C.n.]], in [[Museum Nationale Archaeologicum Athenarum|Museo Mationali Archaeologico Athenarum]] conservatum.]] |
[[Fasciculus:NAMA Triade éleusinienne.jpg|thumb|[[Triptolemus]], [[tres|triplicem]] [[Triticum|tritici]] fasciculum praebens, benedictiones [[Demeter|Demetris]] et [[Persephone]]s accipit. ''Relief''{{dubsig}} [[saeculum 5 a.C.n.|saeculi quinti a.C.n.]], in [[Museum Nationale Archaeologicum Athenarum|Museo Mationali Archaeologico Athenarum]] conservatum.]] |
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[[Fasciculus:Eleusinian hydria Antikensammlung Berlin 1984.46 n2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Demeter, in regali solio sedens, [[Metanira]]m genibus nitentem [[manus|manu]] benedicit, quae [[triticum]] triplicem porrigit, permanens arcanorum signum ([[Pictor Varrese]], [[hydria]] [[figlina figurarum rubrarum|figurarum rubrarum]]<!--red-figure pottery--> ca. [[340 a.C.n.]], ex [[pictura vasorum Apuliana|Apulia]]).]] |
[[Fasciculus:Eleusinian hydria Antikensammlung Berlin 1984.46 n2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Demeter, in regali solio sedens, [[Metanira]]m genibus nitentem [[manus|manu]] benedicit, quae [[triticum]] triplicem porrigit, permanens arcanorum signum ([[Pictor Varrese]], [[hydria]] [[figlina figurarum rubrarum|figurarum rubrarum]]<!--red-figure pottery--> ca. [[340 a.C.n.]], ex [[pictura vasorum Apuliana|Apulia]]).]] |
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fuerunt [[initia (sacra)|initia]] [[Demeter|Demetris]] et [[Persephone]]s quotannis habita, [[Eleusin]]e in [[Attica]]e antiquae oppido notissimo condita. Quae sacra inter cetera caerimonia apud antiquos celebrata maximi momenti habebantur. |
fuerunt [[initia (sacra)|initia]] [[Demeter|Demetris]] et [[Persephone]]s quotannis habita, [[Eleusin]]e in [[Attica]]e antiquae oppido notissimo condita. Quae sacra inter cetera caerimonia apud antiquos celebrata maximi momenti habebantur. |
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Constat Eleusinia sacra fuisse in vetere cultu agrario posita, qui a tempore [[Cultura Mycenaea|Mycenaeo]] (c. 1600–[[1100 a.C.n.]]) originem trahere videtur. Etiam memoriae traditum est cultum Demetris anno [[1500 a.C.n.]] institutum fuisse.<ref>Mylonas 1961:24. "Again, from legends we learn of the arrival of the Cult of Demeter at Eleusis in the fifteenth century [a.C.n.]—an event that must of course have had a profound influence on the life and activities of the site."</ref> Notio [[immortalitas|immortalitatis]], quae in religionibus [[syncretismus|syncretisticis]] antiquitatis comparet, antiquitate exeunte introducta est.<ref name=Nilsson42>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/gpr/ Martin Nilsson, ''The Greek popular religion: The cult of Eleusis,''] pp. 42–44.</ref> Mysteriis illis Persephone a [[Pluto (deus)|Plutone]] rege inferorum ({{Polytonic|Ἀίδης}}) ex manibus Demetris matris abducta repraesentabatur. Qui [[mythologia|mythus]], dispositus circulo tripartito qui in descensu (propter amissionem) et indagatione et adscensu consistebat, praecipue de adscensu Persephones eiusque cum matre reconciliatione narrabat. Hae fuit maiores feriae [[Hellenismus|aetate Hellenica]] celebrata, quae deinde [[Roma antiqua|Romam]] extendit.<ref>[[Sergeius Uvarov|Ouvaroff, M.]]<!-- (alternatively given as Sergei Semenovich Uvarov ~ Sergey Uvarov, 1786–1855)--> (ex Francica a J. D. Price conversus) [http://books.google.com/books?id=EFocAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover ''Essay on the Mysteries of Eleusis''] (Londinii: Rodwell and Martin, 1817). Reimpressio: Kessinger Publishing, 2004). Secundum Ouvaroff, scire tempus primorum Mysteriorum Eleusinorum multas quaestiones habere.</ref> [[Nomen proprium| |
Constat Eleusinia sacra fuisse in vetere cultu agrario posita, qui a tempore [[Cultura Mycenaea|Mycenaeo]] (c. 1600–[[1100 a.C.n.]]) originem trahere videtur. Etiam memoriae traditum est cultum Demetris anno [[1500 a.C.n.]] institutum fuisse.<ref>Mylonas 1961:24. "Again, from legends we learn of the arrival of the Cult of Demeter at Eleusis in the fifteenth century [a.C.n.]—an event that must of course have had a profound influence on the life and activities of the site."</ref> Notio [[immortalitas|immortalitatis]], quae in religionibus [[syncretismus|syncretisticis]] antiquitatis comparet, antiquitate exeunte introducta est.<ref name=Nilsson42>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/gpr/ Martin Nilsson, ''The Greek popular religion: The cult of Eleusis,''] pp. 42–44.</ref> Mysteriis illis Persephone a [[Pluto (deus)|Plutone]] rege inferorum ({{Polytonic|Ἀίδης}}) ex manibus Demetris matris abducta repraesentabatur. Qui [[mythologia|mythus]], dispositus circulo tripartito qui in descensu (propter amissionem) et indagatione et adscensu consistebat, praecipue de adscensu Persephones eiusque cum matre reconciliatione narrabat. Hae fuit maiores feriae [[Hellenismus|aetate Hellenica]] celebrata, quae deinde [[Roma antiqua|Romam]] extendit.<ref>[[Sergeius Uvarov|Ouvaroff, M.]]<!-- (alternatively given as Sergei Semenovich Uvarov ~ Sergey Uvarov, 1786–1855)--> (ex Francica a J. D. Price conversus) [http://books.google.com/books?id=EFocAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover ''Essay on the Mysteries of Eleusis''] (Londinii: Rodwell and Martin, 1817). Reimpressio: Kessinger Publishing, 2004). Secundum Ouvaroff, scire tempus primorum Mysteriorum Eleusinorum multas quaestiones habere.</ref> Quae mysteria Eleusinia fuerunt feriae maioris momenti aetate Hellenistica celebratae, quae postea Romam manaverunt. ''Eleusin'', [[Nomen proprium|nomen]] oppidi, prae-Graecum esse videtur. Sunt qui putent huic nomini cognationem esse cum [[Elysium|Elysio]] et [[Ilithyia]] (Graece {{Polytonic|Εἰλειθυία}}). |
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<ref>"[[Elysion]]: The island of the happy dead (Hesiod: ''Works and days'' 166ff). [[Eileithyia]]. A Minoan goddess of childbirth and divine midwifery." F. Schachermeyer, ''Die Minoische Kultur des alten Kreta'' (Stuttgartiae: W. Kohlhammer, 1967), pp 141–142.</ref> |
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[[Ritus]], [[caerimonia]]e, [[fides]]que fuerunt res absconditae, perpetuo celatae et custoditae. Initiati credebant sese in [[vita posterior]]e<!--?afterlife--> compensationem accepturos esse.<ref>Antonia Tripolitis, ''Religions of the Hellenistic-Roman Age'' (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, November 2001), pp. 16–21.</ref> Hodie adsunt multae [[pictura]]e et fragmenta [[figlina]]e quae varios arcanorum aspectus describunt. Quia arcana imagines visas<!--visions--> et praestigias vitae posterioris comprehendebant, nonnulli eruditi hodierni putant potestatem et longaevitatem mysteriorum Eleusinorum ex [[psychedelia|rebus psychedelicis]] emanavisse.<ref name="Wasson, R 1978">[[R. Gordon Wasson|Wasson, R. Gordon]], [[Carl A. P. Ruck|Ruck, Carl]], [[Albert Hofmann|Hofmann, A.]], ''The Road to Eleusis: Unveiling the Secret of the Mysteries''. Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1978.</ref> |
[[Ritus]], [[caerimonia]]e, [[fides]]que fuerunt res absconditae, perpetuo celatae et custoditae. Initiati credebant sese in [[vita posterior]]e<!--?afterlife--> compensationem accepturos esse.<ref>Antonia Tripolitis, ''Religions of the Hellenistic-Roman Age'' (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, November 2001), pp. 16–21.</ref> Hodie adsunt multae [[pictura]]e et fragmenta [[figlina]]e quae varios arcanorum aspectus describunt. Quia arcana imagines visas<!--visions--> et praestigias vitae posterioris comprehendebant, nonnulli eruditi hodierni putant potestatem et longaevitatem mysteriorum Eleusinorum ex [[psychedelia|rebus psychedelicis]] emanavisse.<ref name="Wasson, R 1978">[[R. Gordon Wasson|Wasson, R. Gordon]], [[Carl A. P. Ruck|Ruck, Carl]], [[Albert Hofmann|Hofmann, A.]], ''The Road to Eleusis: Unveiling the Secret of the Mysteries''. Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1978.</ref> |
Emendatio ex 23:56, 12 Aprilis 2013
Mysteria Eleusina[1][2] (Graece Ἐλευσίνια μυστήρια), vel arcana Eleusina,[3] vel sacra Eleusinia,[4][5] fuerunt initia Demetris et Persephones quotannis habita, Eleusine in Atticae antiquae oppido notissimo condita. Quae sacra inter cetera caerimonia apud antiquos celebrata maximi momenti habebantur.
Constat Eleusinia sacra fuisse in vetere cultu agrario posita, qui a tempore Mycenaeo (c. 1600–1100 a.C.n.) originem trahere videtur. Etiam memoriae traditum est cultum Demetris anno 1500 a.C.n. institutum fuisse.[6] Notio immortalitatis, quae in religionibus syncretisticis antiquitatis comparet, antiquitate exeunte introducta est.[7] Mysteriis illis Persephone a Plutone rege inferorum (Ἀίδης) ex manibus Demetris matris abducta repraesentabatur. Qui mythus, dispositus circulo tripartito qui in descensu (propter amissionem) et indagatione et adscensu consistebat, praecipue de adscensu Persephones eiusque cum matre reconciliatione narrabat. Hae fuit maiores feriae aetate Hellenica celebrata, quae deinde Romam extendit.[8] Quae mysteria Eleusinia fuerunt feriae maioris momenti aetate Hellenistica celebratae, quae postea Romam manaverunt. Eleusin, nomen oppidi, prae-Graecum esse videtur. Sunt qui putent huic nomini cognationem esse cum Elysio et Ilithyia (Graece Εἰλειθυία). [9]
Ritus, caerimoniae, fidesque fuerunt res absconditae, perpetuo celatae et custoditae. Initiati credebant sese in vita posteriore compensationem accepturos esse.[10] Hodie adsunt multae picturae et fragmenta figlinae quae varios arcanorum aspectus describunt. Quia arcana imagines visas et praestigias vitae posterioris comprehendebant, nonnulli eruditi hodierni putant potestatem et longaevitatem mysteriorum Eleusinorum ex rebus psychedelicis emanavisse.[11]
Mythologia Demetris et Persephones
Mysteria ad mythum de Demetre pertinent, dea agriculturae et fertilitatis, ut in uno ex Hymnis Homericis (ca. 650 a.C.n.) narratur. Secundum hymnum, Persephone Demetris filia (etiam Kore 'Virgo' appellata), cum ea et amicae flores conligerent, ab Hade, deo mortis infernique Graeci, capta est; qui eam ad suum regnum subterraneum abstulit. Demeter conturbata filiam ubique petebat. Ob suam miseriam, adque cogendum Iovem ut sineret Persephonem redire, terribilem effecit siccitatem, quo homines dolore adfecti fameque confecti sunt; quo deos sacrificiis et veneratione privaret. Evenit ut Zeus molliens Persephonem sivit ad matrem redire.[12]
Ex mytho, Demeter indagans procul errat, cum multa patret incepta minora. Verum aliquando tamen Triptolemum arcanis agriculturae docet.[13] Ad extremum, Iove consulto, Demeter filiam sibi coniungit, ac tellus in priorem viriditatem prosperitatemque primo autumno restituitur.
Vide etiam
Notae
- ↑ "Mysteria Eleusina . . . Cereris sacrificia, quae ad Eleusin Oppidum Atticae celebrabantur." Ludovicus Vives, Dialogos de Juan Luis Vives, a Christoval Coret y Peris Hispanice conversus, ed. 7a (Valentiae: 1780), p. 322.
- ↑ Cf. "Misteria Eleusinae": Lucius Ampelius, Liber memoriale 15.2
- ↑ "Hinc factum est, ut ex antiquis nullo pacto eruditi potuerint eruere arcana Eleusina, & Orphica." Prosperus ab Aquila, Dictionarium Theologicm Portatile (1769), p. 157.
- ↑ Suetonius, De vita Caesarum "Claudius" 25; Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 11.6.5
- ↑ "Eleusinis sacris" (abl. pl.): Suetonius, De vita Caesarum "Nero" 34.4; Historia Augusta "Alexander Severus" 18.2.
- ↑ Mylonas 1961:24. "Again, from legends we learn of the arrival of the Cult of Demeter at Eleusis in the fifteenth century [a.C.n.]—an event that must of course have had a profound influence on the life and activities of the site."
- ↑ Martin Nilsson, The Greek popular religion: The cult of Eleusis, pp. 42–44.
- ↑ Ouvaroff, M. (ex Francica a J. D. Price conversus) Essay on the Mysteries of Eleusis (Londinii: Rodwell and Martin, 1817). Reimpressio: Kessinger Publishing, 2004). Secundum Ouvaroff, scire tempus primorum Mysteriorum Eleusinorum multas quaestiones habere.
- ↑ "Elysion: The island of the happy dead (Hesiod: Works and days 166ff). Eileithyia. A Minoan goddess of childbirth and divine midwifery." F. Schachermeyer, Die Minoische Kultur des alten Kreta (Stuttgartiae: W. Kohlhammer, 1967), pp 141–142.
- ↑ Antonia Tripolitis, Religions of the Hellenistic-Roman Age (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, November 2001), pp. 16–21.
- ↑ Wasson, R. Gordon, Ruck, Carl, Hofmann, A., The Road to Eleusis: Unveiling the Secret of the Mysteries. Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1978.
- ↑ Helene P. Foley, The Homeric "Hymn to Demeter" (Princetoniae: Princeton University Press, 1994). Etiam Steck Vaughn, Demeter and Persephone (Steck Vaughn Publishing, June 1994).
- ↑ William Smith, A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology and Geography, vol. 2 (Kessinger Publishing, 2006).
Bibliographia
- Apud Clementem Alexandrinum, Exhortation to the Greeks (Meyer 1999:18).
- Apollodorus. Apollodorus: The Library, Sir James George Frazer (translator). Two volumes. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press and London: William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. Vol. 1: ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Vol. 2: ISBN 0-674-99136-2.
- Boardman, Griffin, et Murray. The Oxford History of the Classical World (Oxford University Press 1986). ISBN 978-0-19-872112-3.
- Bowden, Hugh. 2010. Mystery Cults of the Ancient World (Princetoniae: Princeton University Press).
- Brisson, Luc, et Catherine Tihanyi. 2004. How Philosophers Saved Myths: Allegorical Interpretation and Classical Mythology. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-07535-4.
- Burkert, Walter. 1987. Ancient Mystery Cults. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press.
- Cicero. De Legibus. II, xiv, 36.
- Clinton, Kevin. 1994. "The Epidauria and the Arrival of Asclepius in Athens" in Ancient Greek Cult Practice from the Epigraphical Evidence. edited by R. Hägg. Holmiae. ISBN 91-7916-029-8.
- Goblet d’Alviella, Eugène, comte. 1903. The mysteries of Eleusis : the secret rites and rituals of the classical Greek mystery tradition..
- Greene, William C. 1946. "The Return of Persephone" in Classical Philology. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press.
- Kerényi, Karl. 1991. Eleusis: Archetypal Image of Mother and Daughter. Princetoniae: Princeton University Press ISBN 0-691-01915-0.
- Metzner, Ralph. 1997. The Reunification of the Sacred and the natural. Eleusis 8:3–13.
- McKenna, Terence. 1993. Food of the Gods: Search for the Original Tree of Knowledge. Bantam. ISBN 0-553-37130-4.
- Meyer, Marvin W. 1999. The Ancient Mysteries, a Sourcebook: Sacred Texts of the Mystery Religions of the Ancient Mediterranean World. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1692-X
- Moore, Clifford H. 1916. Religious Thought of the Greeks. Reimpressio: Kessinger Publishing Aprile 2003. ISBN 0-7661-5130-1.
- Mylonas, George Emmanuel. 1961. Eleusis and the Eleusinian Mysteries. Princetoniae: Princeton University Press.
- Nilsson, Martin P. 1940. Greek Popular Religion.
- Rassias, Vlasis. 2000. Demolish Them. Ed. 2a. (Graece.) Athenis. ISBN 960-7748-20-4.
- Riu, Xavier. 1999. Dionysism and Comedy. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.. Reimpressio Martio 2002. ISBN 0-8476-9442-9.
- Rohde, Erwin. 1925. Psyche: The Cult of Souls and the Belief in Immortality among the Greeks. Ed. 8a. A W. B. Hillis conversus. Routledge & Kegan Paul. Reimprssio Routledge.
- Shulgin, Alexander, ET Ann Shulgin. 1997. TiHKAL. Transform Press.
- Smith, William. 2006. A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology and Geography. 2 voll. Kessinger Publishing, LLC. ISBN 1-4286-4561-6.
- Smith, William. 175. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. Londinii.
- Taylor, Thomas. 1790. The Eleusinian and Bacchic Mysteries: a dissertation. Amstelodami (i.e., Londinii). Editio quarta, 1891.
- Tripolitis, Antonia. 2001. Religions of the Hellenistic-Roman Age. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 0-8028-4913-X.
- Vaughn, Steck. 1994. Demeter and Persephone. Steck Vaughn Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8114-3362-4.
- Wasson, R, Carl Ruck, et Albert Hofmann. 1978. The Road to Eleusis: Unveiling the Secret of the Mysteries. Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. ISBN 0-15-177872-8.
- Willoughby, Harold R. 2003. "The Greater Mysteries at Eleusis," caput 2, ex Pagan Regeneration: A Study of Mystery Initiations in the Graeco-Roman World. Kessinger Publishing, ISBN 0-7661-8083-2.
Nexus externi
Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Mysteria Eleusina spectant. |
- Edward A. Beach, "The Eleusinian Mysteries."
- Thomas R. Martin, "The Eleusinian Mysteries."