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{{Infobox Continent
{{Infobox Continent
|title = America Australis
|title = America Australis
|image = [[Fasciculus:South America (orthographic projection).svg|200px|{{imago sine descriptione}}]]
|image = [[Fasciculus:South America (orthographic projection).svg|200px|Situs Americae Australis]]
|area = 17,840,000 km<sup>2</sup>
|area = 17,840,000 km<sup>2</sup>
(6,890,000 sq mi)
(6,890,000 sq mi)
Linea 14: Linea 14:
|cities = <br />[[Sanctus Paulus (urbs)|Sanctus Paulus]]<br/sh>[[Buenos Aires]]<br />[[Flumen Ianuarii]]<br /> [[Lima]]<br />[[Bogotá]]<br />[[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]]<br /> [[Belo Horizonte]]<br /> [[Porto Alegre]]<br /> [[Brasília (urbs)|Brasilia]]<br /> [[Guayaquil]]<br /> [[Caracas]] <br />[[Medellín]]
|cities = <br />[[Sanctus Paulus (urbs)|Sanctus Paulus]]<br/sh>[[Buenos Aires]]<br />[[Flumen Ianuarii]]<br /> [[Lima]]<br />[[Bogotá]]<br />[[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]]<br /> [[Belo Horizonte]]<br /> [[Porto Alegre]]<br /> [[Brasília (urbs)|Brasilia]]<br /> [[Guayaquil]]<br /> [[Caracas]] <br />[[Medellín]]
}}
}}
[[Fasciculus:LocationSouthAmerica.png|thumb|{{imago sine descriptione}}]]
[[Fasciculus:LocationSouthAmerica.png|thumb|Situs Americae Australis]]
[[Fasciculus:South america la.svg|thumb|Tabula Americae Australis.]]
[[Fasciculus:South america la.svg|thumb|Tabula Americae Australis.]]
'''America Australis''' vel '''America Meridiana''' sive '''America Meridionalis''' ([[Anglice]] ''South America'' ; [[Hispanice]] ''América del Sur, Sudamérica, Suramérica''  ; [[Lusitanice]] ''América do Sul''  ; [[Quechice]] et [[Lingua Aymara|Aymarice]] ''Urin Awya Yala''  ; [[Guaranice]] ''Ñembyamérika''  ; [[Nederlandice]] ''Zuid-Amerika''  ; [[Francice]] ''Amérique du Sud'') est [[continens]],<ref>"[http://www.bartleby.com/65/st/SthAmer.html South America]. ''[http://www.bartleby.com/65/ The Columbia Encyclopedia]'', ed. 6a. 2001–2006. Novi Eboraci: [[Columbia University Press]]": "fourth largest continent . . . , the southern of the two continents of the Western Hemisphere."</ref><ref>[http://lanic.utexas.edu/subject/countries/ Situs civitatis LANIC.]</ref> in [[Hemisphaerium Occidentale|Hemisphaerio Occidentali]] situs, plerumque in [[Hemisphaerium Australe|Hemisphaerio Australi]], parvā parte in [[Hemisphaerium Septentrionale|Hemisphaerio Septentrionali]]. Continens etiam habetur [[subcontinens]] [[America]]rum.<ref>[http://www.bartleby.com/65/st/SthAmer.html South America,] ''[http://www.bartleby.com/65/ The Columbia Encyclopedia],'' ed. 6a (Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press, 2001–2006): "fourth largest continent . . . , the southern of the two continents of the Western Hemisphere."</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://lanic.utexas.edu/subject/countries/ |title=LANIC country page |publisher=Lanic.utexas.edu |date= |accessdate=24 Octobris 2010}}</ref> Finitur ad [[occidens|occidentem]] versus ab [[Oceanus Pacificus|Oceano Pacifico]], ad [[septentrio]]nes [[oriens|orientemque]] ab [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceano Atlantico]], et ad septentriones occidentemque ab [[America Septentrionalis|America Septentrionali]] [[Mare Caribicum|Marique Caribico]]. [[Duodecim]] [[civitas sui iuris|civitates liberas]] ([[Aequatoria]]m, [[Argentina]]m, [[Bolivia]]m, [[Brasilia]]m, [[Columbia]]m, [[Guyana]]m, [[Paraguaia]]m, [[Peruvia]]m, [[Surinamia]]m, [[Tsilia]]m, [[Uruguaia]]m, [[Venetiola]]m) et [[Guiana Francica|Guianam Francicam]], maritimam [[Francia]]e [[regio]]nem, comprehendit. Civitates Americae Australis quae Mare Caribicum finiunt (Columbia, Guiana Francica, Guyana, Surinamia, Venetiola) [[America Australis Caribica]] appellantur.
'''America Australis''' vel '''America Meridiana''' sive '''America Meridionalis''' ([[Anglice]] ''South America'' ; [[Hispanice]] ''América del Sur, Sudamérica, Suramérica''  ; [[Lusitanice]] ''América do Sul''  ; [[Quechice]] et [[Lingua Aymara|Aymarice]] ''Urin Awya Yala''  ; [[Guaranice]] ''Ñembyamérika''  ; [[Nederlandice]] ''Zuid-Amerika''  ; [[Francice]] ''Amérique du Sud'') est [[continens]],<ref>"[http://www.bartleby.com/65/st/SthAmer.html South America]. ''[http://www.bartleby.com/65/ The Columbia Encyclopedia]'', ed. 6a. 2001–2006. Novi Eboraci: [[Columbia University Press]]": "fourth largest continent . . . , the southern of the two continents of the Western Hemisphere."</ref><ref>[http://lanic.utexas.edu/subject/countries/ Situs civitatis LANIC.]</ref> in [[Hemisphaerium Occidentale|Hemisphaerio Occidentali]] situs, plerumque in [[Hemisphaerium Australe|Hemisphaerio Australi]], parvā parte in [[Hemisphaerium Septentrionale|Hemisphaerio Septentrionali]]. Continens etiam habetur [[subcontinens]] [[America]]rum.<ref>[http://www.bartleby.com/65/st/SthAmer.html South America,] ''[http://www.bartleby.com/65/ The Columbia Encyclopedia],'' ed. 6a (Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press, 2001–2006): "fourth largest continent . . . , the southern of the two continents of the Western Hemisphere."</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://lanic.utexas.edu/subject/countries/ |title=LANIC country page |publisher=Lanic.utexas.edu |date= |accessdate=24 Octobris 2010}}</ref> Finitur ad [[occidens|occidentem]] versus ab [[Oceanus Pacificus|Oceano Pacifico]], ad [[septentrio]]nes [[oriens|orientemque]] ab [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceano Atlantico]], et ad septentriones occidentemque ab [[America Septentrionalis|America Septentrionali]] [[Mare Caribicum|Marique Caribico]]. [[Duodecim]] [[civitas sui iuris|civitates liberas]] ([[Aequatoria]]m, [[Argentina]]m, [[Bolivia]]m, [[Brasilia]]m, [[Columbia]]m, [[Guyana]]m, [[Paraguaia]]m, [[Peruvia]]m, [[Surinamia]]m, [[Tsilia]]m, [[Uruguaia]]m, [[Venetiola]]m) et [[Guiana Francica|Guianam Francicam]], maritimam [[Francia]]e [[regio]]nem, comprehendit. Civitates Americae Australis quae Mare Caribicum finiunt (Columbia, Guiana Francica, Guyana, Surinamia, Venetiola) [[America Australis Caribica]] appellantur.
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[[Fasciculus:SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg|thumb|[[Praehistoria|Praehistorica]] [[Caverna Manuum]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Cueva de las Manos''), [[Argentina]]e sita.]]
[[Fasciculus:SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg|thumb|[[Praehistoria|Praehistorica]] [[Caverna Manuum]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Cueva de las Manos''), [[Argentina]]e sita.]]
[[Fasciculus:80 - Machu Picchu - Juin 2009 - edit.jpg|thumb|[[Machu Picchu]], praedium [[Inca]]rum, in [[mons|montibus]] [[Peruvia]]e situm.]]
[[Fasciculus:80 - Machu Picchu - Juin 2009 - edit.jpg|thumb|[[Machu Picchu]], praedium [[Inca]]rum, in [[mons|montibus]] [[Peruvia]]e situm.]]
[[Fasciculus:Bariloche- Argentina2.jpg|thumb|{{imago sine descriptione}}]]
[[Fasciculus:Bariloche- Argentina2.jpg|thumb|Bariloche, in [[Argentina]]]]


America Australis australem [[massa terrestris|massae terrestris]] [[America]]nae partem occupat. [[Continens]] ad boreorientalem ab [[Hiatus Darien|Hiatu Darien]] <!--Darién Gap ~ watershed--> secundum fines [[Colombia]]e et [[Panama]]e, aut ex nonnullis fontibus potius a [[Canalis Panamensis|Canali Panamensi]], ad summam definitur. Omnis quidem Panama—inter quam segmentum ad [[oriens|orientem]] Canalis Panamensis in [[isthmus|isthmo]]—in rebus [[geopolitica|geopoliticis]] et [[geographia|geographicis]]<ref>Saul Bernard Cohen, [http://books.google.ca/books?id=QkMD8HKRlgoC&pg=PA141&lpg=PA141&dq=geopolitical+north+america+panama&source=web&ots=UyJR5f_d7X&sig=i9WFQeiLFUP8R0E8B_qJ8tPoeBw&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA147,M1 "North and Middle America" (Ch. 5)]. ''Geopolitics of the World System'' (2003, ISBN 0-8476-9907-2).</ref> solum in America Septentrionali,<ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm#americas "Americas"] ''Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)'', United Nations Statistics Division.</ref><ref>[http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/reference/international/north_america/referencemap_image_view "North America" ex ''Atlas of Canada,''] apud atlas.nrcan.gc.ca.</ref><ref name="North America Atlas">[http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/atlas/index.html?Parent=nameri&Rootmap=&Mode=d&SubMode=w ''North America Atlas,''] apud www.nationalgeographic.com.</ref> atque inter [[Demographia Americae Mediae|civitates Americae Mediae]], refertur.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/440722/Panama "Panama," ex ''Britannica Concise Encyclopedia,''] apud www.britannica.com.</ref><ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pm.html#Geo Geography: Panama] ''CIA World Factbook 2008''.</ref> Paene omnis Americae Australis continens in [[Lamina Americana Australis|Lamina Americana Australi]] sedet. [[Triangulum|Triangularis]] massae terrestris forma brevissimum [[litus]], pro eius [[magnitudo|magnitudine]], ullius continentis efficit.
America Australis australem [[massa terrestris|massae terrestris]] [[America]]nae partem occupat. [[Continens]] ad boreorientalem ab [[Hiatus Darien|Hiatu Darien]] <!--Darién Gap ~ watershed--> secundum fines [[Colombia]]e et [[Panama]]e, aut ex nonnullis fontibus potius a [[Canalis Panamensis|Canali Panamensi]], ad summam definitur. Omnis quidem Panama—inter quam segmentum ad [[oriens|orientem]] Canalis Panamensis in [[isthmus|isthmo]]—in rebus [[geopolitica|geopoliticis]] et [[geographia|geographicis]]<ref>Saul Bernard Cohen, [http://books.google.ca/books?id=QkMD8HKRlgoC&pg=PA141&lpg=PA141&dq=geopolitical+north+america+panama&source=web&ots=UyJR5f_d7X&sig=i9WFQeiLFUP8R0E8B_qJ8tPoeBw&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA147,M1 "North and Middle America" (Ch. 5)]. ''Geopolitics of the World System'' (2003, ISBN 0-8476-9907-2).</ref> solum in America Septentrionali,<ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm#americas "Americas"] ''Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)'', United Nations Statistics Division.</ref><ref>[http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/reference/international/north_america/referencemap_image_view "North America" ex ''Atlas of Canada,''] apud atlas.nrcan.gc.ca.</ref><ref name="North America Atlas">[http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/atlas/index.html?Parent=nameri&Rootmap=&Mode=d&SubMode=w ''North America Atlas,''] apud www.nationalgeographic.com.</ref> atque inter [[Demographia Americae Mediae|civitates Americae Mediae]], refertur.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/440722/Panama "Panama," ex ''Britannica Concise Encyclopedia,''] apud www.britannica.com.</ref><ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pm.html#Geo Geography: Panama] ''CIA World Factbook 2008''.</ref> Paene omnis Americae Australis continens in [[Lamina Americana Australis|Lamina Americana Australi]] sedet. [[Triangulum|Triangularis]] massae terrestris forma brevissimum [[litus]], pro eius [[magnitudo|magnitudine]], ullius continentis efficit.

Emendatio ex 18:43, 24 Ianuarii 2013

Formula:Infobox Continent

Situs Americae Australis
Tabula Americae Australis.

America Australis vel America Meridiana sive America Meridionalis (Anglice South America ; Hispanice América del Sur, Sudamérica, Suramérica  ; Lusitanice América do Sul  ; Quechice et Aymarice Urin Awya Yala  ; Guaranice Ñembyamérika  ; Nederlandice Zuid-Amerika  ; Francice Amérique du Sud) est continens,[1][2] in Hemisphaerio Occidentali situs, plerumque in Hemisphaerio Australi, parvā parte in Hemisphaerio Septentrionali. Continens etiam habetur subcontinens Americarum.[3][4] Finitur ad occidentem versus ab Oceano Pacifico, ad septentriones orientemque ab Oceano Atlantico, et ad septentriones occidentemque ab America Septentrionali Marique Caribico. Duodecim civitates liberas (Aequatoriam, Argentinam, Boliviam, Brasiliam, Columbiam, Guyanam, Paraguaiam, Peruviam, Surinamiam, Tsiliam, Uruguaiam, Venetiolam) et Guianam Francicam, maritimam Franciae regionem, comprehendit. Civitates Americae Australis quae Mare Caribicum finiunt (Columbia, Guiana Francica, Guyana, Surinamia, Venetiola) America Australis Caribica appellantur.

Americae Australi est area 17 840 000 chiliometrorum quadratorum, paene 3.5 centesimae superficiei Telluris. Numerus hominum anno 2005 fuit plus quam 371 090 000. America Australis per aream geographicam est quarta (post Asiam, Africam, et Americam Septentrionalem) et per numerum hominum quinta (post Asiam, Africam, Europam, et America, Septentrionalem).

Vocabulum America a Martino Hylacomylo (1470–1522) et Matthia Ringmann chartographiis anno 1507 excogitatum est, ex Americo Vespucio, primo homine Europaeo qui subiecit terras novissme ab Europaeis inventis non fuisse Indiam, sed Novum Mundum, ab Europaeis adhuc ignotum.

Geographia

Composita Americae Australis imago eminens.
Andes sunt longissimi orbis terrarum montes perpetui continentales.
Praehistorica Caverna Manuum (Hispanice Cueva de las Manos), Argentinae sita.
Machu Picchu, praedium Incarum, in montibus Peruviae situm.
Bariloche, in Argentina

America Australis australem massae terrestris Americanae partem occupat. Continens ad boreorientalem ab Hiatu Darien secundum fines Colombiae et Panamae, aut ex nonnullis fontibus potius a Canali Panamensi, ad summam definitur. Omnis quidem Panama—inter quam segmentum ad orientem Canalis Panamensis in isthmo—in rebus geopoliticis et geographicis[5] solum in America Septentrionali,[6][7][8] atque inter civitates Americae Mediae, refertur.[9][10] Paene omnis Americae Australis continens in Lamina Americana Australi sedet. Triangularis massae terrestris forma brevissimum litus, pro eius magnitudine, ullius continentis efficit.

America Australis nonnullas insulas propinquas usitate comprehendere habetur. Aruba, Insula Boni Aeris, Insula Curacensis, Trinitas, Tabacum, et provinciae foederales Venetiolae, in septentrionali plutei continentalis Americae Australis parte sedentes, saepe pars continentis habentur.

Praehistoria

America Australis cum Africa ab Aevo Palaeozoico exeunte ad Aevum Mesozoicum ineuns coniuncta est, donec supercontinens Pangaea abhinc annorum circa 225 decies centenorum milium diffindi et dissolvi coepissit. Ergo, America Australis et Africa fossilia et strata saxorum similia habent.

America Australis putatur ab hominibus habitari cum homines Pontem Terrestrem Beringianum (nunc Fretum Beringianum) saltem abhinc annorum 15 000 ex terris quae nunc sunt Russia transirent. Qui ad meridiem per Americam Septentrionalem migrabant, et deinde Americam Australem per Isthmum Panamensem attigerunt. Nonnullis inventis archaeologicis hanc doctrinam non sustinentibus, eruditi alteram aboriginum prae-Siberianorum Americanorum theoriam proposuerunt.

Prima indicia hominum in America Australi habitantium ex circa 9000 a.C.n. supersunt, cum cucurbitae, capsica, et Fabaceae cibo in altis Pelvis Amazonicae terris excoli coepissent. Indicia fictilis praeterea significant mandiocam, quae victus hodie manet, ab 2000 a.C.n. excultam esse.[11]

Civitates

Civitates Americae Australis sunt:

Civitas Area (km²) Numerus civium[12] Densitas? (km²)
Aequatoria 283 560 13 447 494 47.4
Argentina 2 766 890 37 812 817 13.7
Bolivia 1 098 580 8 445 134 7.7
Brasilia 8 543 404 190 029 560 20.6
Chilia 756 950 15 498 930 20.5
Columbia 1 138 910 41 008 227 36.0
Guyana 214 970 698 209 3.2
Guyana Francica (Fr) 91 000 182 333 2.0
Paraquaria 406 750 5 884 491 14.5
Peruvia 1 285 220 27 949 639 21.7
Surinamia 163 270 436 494 2.7
Uraquaria 176 220 3 386 575 19.2
Venetiola 912 050 24 287 670 26.6

Vide etiam

Notae

  1. ↑ "South America. The Columbia Encyclopedia, ed. 6a. 2001–2006. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press": "fourth largest continent . . . , the southern of the two continents of the Western Hemisphere."
  2. ↑ Situs civitatis LANIC.
  3. ↑ South America, The Columbia Encyclopedia, ed. 6a (Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press, 2001–2006): "fourth largest continent . . . , the southern of the two continents of the Western Hemisphere."
  4. ↑ "LANIC country page". Lanic.utexas.edu 
  5. ↑ Saul Bernard Cohen, "North and Middle America" (Ch. 5). Geopolitics of the World System (2003, ISBN 0-8476-9907-2).
  6. ↑ "Americas" Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49), United Nations Statistics Division.
  7. ↑ "North America" ex Atlas of Canada, apud atlas.nrcan.gc.ca.
  8. ↑ North America Atlas, apud www.nationalgeographic.com.
  9. ↑ "Panama," ex Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, apud www.britannica.com.
  10. ↑ Geography: Panama CIA World Factbook 2008.
  11. ↑ Patrick O'Brien, gen. ed, Oxford Atlas of World History (Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 25.
  12. ↑ Aestimatio 1 Iulii 2002.

Bibliographia

  • Adelaar, Wilhem. 2004. The Language of the Andes. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-36275-7.
  • Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y., et R. M. W. Dixon, eds. 1999. edición=1ª The Amazoninan Languages. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-57021-2.
  • Aubert, Hans-J., et Ulf-E. Müller. 1981. Südamerika. Monaci: Bruckmann, 2. ISBN 3-7654-1732-7.
  • Bernecker, Walther L., Horst Pietschmann, et Rüdiger Zoller. 2000. Eine kleine Geschichte Brasiliens. Edition Suhrkamp 2150. ISBN 3-518-12150-2.
  • Civita, Victor. 2007. Almanaque Abril: Geografia: Mundo: Continentes: América do Sul. Ed. 33a. Sancti Pauli: Abril.
  • Fischer, Thomas. 2006. Der Linksruck in Südamerika. Politorbis: Zeitschrift zur Außenpolitik 41(2):6–19.
  • Kaufman, Terrence. 1999. Language History in South America: What we know and how to know more. In Amazonian Linguistics, ed. David L. Payne. Austin Texiae: University of Texas Press.
  • König, Hans-Joachim. 2006. Kleine Geschichte Lateinamerikas. Bonnae: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung. ISBN 3-89331-723-6.
  • Tirico, José Domingos. 1994. América do Sul. In Enciclopédia Barsa, 358–370. Sancti Pauli: Encyclopædia Britannica do Brasil Publicações.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Americam Australem spectant (1, 2).

Haec stipula ad geographiam spectat. Amplifica, si potes!

Regiones, civitates et territoria Americae
Regiones

America Septentrionalis · Media America · Insulae Caribicae · America Australis

Civitates

Aequatoria · Antiqua et Barbuda · Argentina · Bahamenses insulae · Barbata · Beliza · Bolivia · Brasilia · Canada · Chilia · Civitates Foederatae Americae · Columbia · Costarica · Cuba · Dominica · Dominicana res publica · Granata · Guatimalia · Guiana · Haitia · Honduria · Iamaica · Mexicum · Nicaragua · Panama · Paraquaria · Peruvia · Salvatoria · Sancta Lucia · Sanctus Christophorus et Nevis · Sanctus Vincentius et Granatinae · Surinamia · Trinitas et Tabacum · Uraquaria · Venetiola

Territoria

Anguilla · Aruba · Boni Aëris insula · Caimanenses insulae · Curacensis insula · Falklandia · Groenlandia · Guadalupa · Guiana Francica · Martinica · Montserrat · Portus Dives · Saba · Sanctus Bartholomaeus · Sanctus Martinus · Statia · Turcenses et Caicenses insulae · Virginis Insulae Americanae · Virginis Insulae Britannicae

Capsae cognatae: Africa • Asia • Europa • Oceania


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