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[[File:The Genocide Word by Raphael Lemkin.ogv|thumb|300px|The origin of the word genocide]] |
[[File:The Genocide Word by Raphael Lemkin.ogv|thumb|300px|The origin of the word genocide]] |
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'''Generis occidio''' est systematica considerataque populi, gentis, |
'''Generis occidio''' est systematica considerataque [[populus|populi]], [[gens|gentis]], [[religio]]nis, vel [[civitas|civitatis]] exstinctio.<!-- |
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Precise [[genocide definitions|definition varies among genocide scholars]]. A [[legal]] definition is found in the 1948 [[United Nations]] [[Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide]]. Article 2, of this convention defines genocide as "any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a [[nation]]al, [[ethnicity|ethnical]], [[Race (classification of human beings)|racial]] or [[religion|religious]] group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life, calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; [and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group."<ref>Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. ''Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.'' http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/p_genoci.htm.</ref>--> |
Precise [[genocide definitions|definition varies among genocide scholars]]. A [[legal]] definition is found in the 1948 [[United Nations]] [[Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide]]. Article 2, of this convention defines genocide as "any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a [[nation]]al, [[ethnicity|ethnical]], [[Race (classification of human beings)|racial]] or [[religion|religious]] group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life, calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; [and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group."<ref>Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. ''Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.'' http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/p_genoci.htm.</ref>--> |
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== Excogitatio termini == |
== Excogitatio termini == |
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''Genocide'' vox [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]] anno [[1943]] excogitata a [[Raphael Lemkin|Raphaele Lemkin]] (1900–1959) est, viro [[Polonia|Polono]] [[Iudaea|Iudaeo]]que legis prudens, ex verbo [[Lingua Graeca|Graeco]] ''génos'' (idem e quo [[Latine]] ''[[genus]]'') et radice [[Latina]] ''-cid-'' ex ''occidere'' (vicissim e ''caedere''), exemplo verbi ''homicidium'' (''hominem occidere''). |
''Genocide'' vox [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]] anno [[1943]] excogitata a [[Raphael Lemkin|Raphaele Lemkin]] (1900–1959) est, viro [[Polonia|Polono]] [[Iudaea|Iudaeo]]que legis prudens, apud [[Holocaustum]], ex verbo [[Lingua Graeca|Graeco]] ''génos'' (idem e quo [[Latine]] ''[[genus]]'') et radice [[Latina]] ''-cid-'' ex ''occidere'' (vicissim e ''caedere''), exemplo verbi ''homicidium'' (''hominem occidere''). |
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In ''Noah'' ([[1933]]), Lemkin scripsit commentarium "''Crime of Barbarity''" (''Crimen crudelitatis''), qui generis occidionem depinxit maleficium contra ius inter civitates. Haec maleficii notio, quae non ita multo post facta est notio generis occidionis, orta est in historia [[Assyrii|Assyriorum]] trucidatorum in [[Caedes apud Simele|caede apud Simele]] in [[Iraquia]] die [[11 Augusti]] [[1933]]. In animo Lemkin, hic casus "memorias [[Caedes Armeniana|caedis Armenianae]]" per [[Bellum Orbis Terrarum I]] evocavit. |
In ''Noah'' ([[1933]]), Lemkin scripsit commentarium "''Crime of Barbarity''" (''Crimen crudelitatis''), qui generis occidionem depinxit maleficium contra ius inter civitates. Haec maleficii notio, quae non ita multo post facta est notio generis occidionis, orta est in historia [[Assyrii|Assyriorum]] trucidatorum in [[Caedes apud Simele|caede apud Simele]] in [[Iraquia]] die [[11 Augusti]] [[1933]]. In animo Lemkin, hic casus "memorias [[Caedes Armeniana|caedis Armenianae]]" per [[Bellum Orbis Terrarum I]] evocavit. |
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Ad Consilium Legitimum [[Societas Civitatum|Societatis Civitatum]] [[Matritum|Matriti]] eodem anno primam rogationem ut tales "actus [[saevitia]]e" interdicantur obtulit, sed a gubernatione [[Polonia|Polonica]] (tunc [[Germania]]m [[Nazi]]stam placante) condemnata, rogatio defecit.<ref name="Euro">[http://www.europaworld.org/issue40/raphaellemkin22601.htm Raphael Lemkin] - EuropeWorld, 22/6/2001.</ref> |
Ad Consilium Legitimum [[Societas Civitatum|Societatis Civitatum]] [[Matritum|Matriti]] eodem anno primam rogationem ut tales "actus [[saevitia]]e" interdicantur obtulit, sed a gubernatione [[Polonia|Polonica]] (tunc [[Germania]]m [[Nazi]]stam placante) condemnata, rogatio defecit.<ref name="Euro">[http://www.europaworld.org/issue40/raphaellemkin22601.htm Raphael Lemkin] - EuropeWorld, 22/6/2001.</ref> Anno 1948 [[Conventio de Prohibitione Cohercitioneque Criminum Genocidii]] decreta est contra genocidium ac [[Iudicium Internationale Criminale]] genocidium [[crimen contra humanitatem]] definit. |
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== Vide etiam == |
== Vide etiam == |
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* [[Argentaria (Bosnia)]] |
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* [[Belli scelus]] |
* [[Belli scelus]] |
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* [[Bellum Darfurense]] |
* [[Bellum Darfurense]] |
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* [[Caedes Bosniensis]] |
* [[Caedes Bosniensis]] |
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* [[Castra carceralia]] |
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* [[Culturae occidio]] ([[Anglice]] ''culturecide'') |
* [[Culturae occidio]] ([[Anglice]] ''culturecide'') |
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* [[Holocaustum]] |
* [[Holocaustum]] |
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* [[International Association of Genocide Scholars|Societas Internationalis Studiosorum Generis Occidionis]] |
* [[International Association of Genocide Scholars|Societas Internationalis Studiosorum Generis Occidionis]] |
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* [[Iudicia Norimbergensia]] |
* [[Iudicia Norimbergensia]] |
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* [[Iudicium Criminale inter Gentes pro Iugoslavia Pristina]] |
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* [[Mundi iurisdictio]] (Anglice ''universal jurisdiction'') |
* [[Mundi iurisdictio]] (Anglice ''universal jurisdiction'') |
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* [[Populi occidio]] (Anglice ''ethnocide'') |
* [[Populi occidio]] (Anglice ''ethnocide'') |
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Emendatio ex 15:42, 31 Ianuarii 2012
Generis occidio est systematica considerataque populi, gentis, religionis, vel civitatis exstinctio.
Excogitatio termini
Genocide vox Anglica anno 1943 excogitata a Raphaele Lemkin (1900–1959) est, viro Polono Iudaeoque legis prudens, apud Holocaustum, ex verbo Graeco génos (idem e quo Latine genus) et radice Latina -cid- ex occidere (vicissim e caedere), exemplo verbi homicidium (hominem occidere).
In Noah (1933), Lemkin scripsit commentarium "Crime of Barbarity" (Crimen crudelitatis), qui generis occidionem depinxit maleficium contra ius inter civitates. Haec maleficii notio, quae non ita multo post facta est notio generis occidionis, orta est in historia Assyriorum trucidatorum in caede apud Simele in Iraquia die 11 Augusti 1933. In animo Lemkin, hic casus "memorias caedis Armenianae" per Bellum Orbis Terrarum I evocavit. Ad Consilium Legitimum Societatis Civitatum Matriti eodem anno primam rogationem ut tales "actus saevitiae" interdicantur obtulit, sed a gubernatione Polonica (tunc Germaniam Nazistam placante) condemnata, rogatio defecit.[1] Anno 1948 Conventio de Prohibitione Cohercitioneque Criminum Genocidii decreta est contra genocidium ac Iudicium Internationale Criminale genocidium crimen contra humanitatem definit.
Vide etiam
- Argentaria (Bosnia)
- Belli scelus
- Bellum Darfurense
- Caedes Bosniensis
- Castra carceralia
- Crimen contra humanitatem
- Culturae occidio (Anglice culturecide)
- Holocaustum
- Societas Internationalis Studiosorum Generis Occidionis
- Iudicia Norimbergensia
- Iudicium Criminale inter Gentes pro Iugoslavia Pristina
- Mundi iurisdictio (Anglice universal jurisdiction)
- Populi occidio (Anglice ethnocide)
- Populi purgatio (Anglice ethnic cleansing)
- Radovan Karadzic
- Sexus occidio (Anglice gendercide)
- Negationismus sive Historiae revisionismus
- Slobodan Milosevic
- Sudania
- Ruanda
- Iudicium Internationale Criminale
- Conventio de Prohibitione Cohercitioneque Criminum Genocidii
- Eugenetica Nazistica
Notae
- ↑ Raphael Lemkin - EuropeWorld, 22/6/2001.
Fontes
- Frank Chalk et Kurt Jonassohn. 1990. The History and Sociology of Genocide: Analyses and Case Studies. Novus Portus: Yale University Press.
- Israel W. Charny. 1999. Encyclopedia of Genocide. ABC-Clio Inc. ISBN 0-87436-928-2.
- Daniele Conversi. 2005. "Genocide, ethnic cleansing, and nationalism." In Handbook of Nations and Nationalism. Gerard Delanty and Krishan Kumar ediderunt, 1, pp. 319–333. Londini: Sage Publications.
- Barbara Harff. 2003.; Early Warning of Communal Conflict and Genocide: Linking Empirical Research to International Responses. Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-9840-1.
- M. Hassan Kakar. 1995. Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979–1982. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-08591-4.
- Michael J. Kelly. 2005. Nowhere to Hide: Defeat of the Sovereign Immunity Defense for Crimes of Genocide & the Trials of Slobodan Milosevic and Saddam Hussein. Peter Lang.
- Alexander Laban. 2002.; Genocide: An Anthropological Reader. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-22355-X.
- Catharine A. MacKinnon. 2006. Are Women Human?: And Other International Dialogues. Belknap Press, Harvard University Press.
- Samantha Powers. 2003. "A Problem from Hell": America and the Age of Genocide. Harper Perennial. ISBN 0-06-054164-4.
- Gavriel D. Rosenfeld. 1999. "The Politics of Uniqueness: Reflections on the Recent Polemical Turn in Holocaust and Genocide Scholarship." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 13(1):28–61.
- R. J. Rummel. 1997. Death by Government. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 1-56000-927-6.
- Martin Shaw. 2007. What is Genocide? Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Lyal S. Sunga. 1997. The Emerging System of International Criminal Law: Developments in Codification and Implementation. Kluwer. ISBN 90-411-0472-0.
- Lyal S. Sunga. 1992. Individual Responsibility in International Law for Serious Human Rights Violations. Nijhoff. ISBN 0-7923-1453-0.
- Samuel Totten, William S. Parsons, et Israel W. Charny. 2004. Century of Genocide: Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts. Editio altera. Routledge.
- Benjamin A. Valentino. 2004. Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the 20th Century. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3965-5.
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