Philosophia Americana

Philosophia Americana est philosophica Americanorum agitatio vel fructus, intra et extra Civitates Foederatas factus. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy dicit philosophiam Americanam, cum "nucleo proprietatum definientium" caret, "nihilominus videri posse Americanam significationem sui communem per historiam civitatis repercutere et formare."^[1]^[2]

Alexis de Tocqueville, auctor et historicus civilis, subtiliorem "Philosophical Method among the Americans" ('ratio philosophica inter Americanos') definitionem in primo paragrapho libri alterius Democracy in America ('Democratia in America') proposuit.^[3]

Puto homines in Civitatibus Foederatis philosophiae studere minus quam in ulla mundi civilizati civitate. . . . Nihilominus, facile est percipere paene omnes Civitatum Foederatarum incolas similiter intellegere et per easdem regulas administrare; hoc est, sine regulis rationis philosophicae definitis, unam tamen habent, omnibus communem. Eludere servitutem rationis et habitus, praecepta familiae, sententias classis, et aliquantum praeiudicatarum opinionum; traditionem agnoscere solum ut modus informationis, et res exstantis accipere solum ut exemplar actionis contrariae, ac melioris; petere causam rerum pro se, et solum in se; ad exitus inclinare sed ad rationem non ligatus, et ad substantiam per formam petere;—tales sunt proprietates principales quas rationem philosophicam Americanorum appellabo. . . . [In] plurimis mentis effectionibus, quisque Americanus exercitationem singuli solum intellegentiae suae petit.^[4]

Ionathan Edwards "primum theologum philosophicum Americanum maximi momenti"^[5] habetur.^[6] Qui, propter homilias impigras, sicut "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," quae Magnam Excitationem Primam coepisse putatur, "absolutam Dei maiestatem et pulchritudinem sanctitatis Dei"^[7] multitudinibus impressit.^[6] Edwards, ut Platonismum Christianum cum epistemologia empirica coniungeret, physica Newtoniana adiuvante, penitus motus est a Georgio Berkeley, ipso empirico, ex quo Edwards momentum deduxit rerum incorporalium pro creatione experientiae humanae.

Nexus interni

Notae[recensere | fontem recensere]

↑ Anglice: "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation."
↑ "American philosophy," in Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
↑ Alexis Tocqueville, Democracy in America: Part the Second: The Social Influence of Democracy, conversus ab Henry Reeve (Philadelphiae: J. & H. G. Langley, Thomas, Cowperthwaite & Company, 1840), 1.
↑ Anglice: "I think that in no country in the civilized world is less attention paid to philosophy than in the United States. . . . Nevertheless it is easy to perceive that almost all the inhabitants of the United States conduct their understanding in the same manner, and govern it by the same rules; that is to say, that without ever having taken the trouble to define the rules of a philosophical method, they are in possession of one, common to the whole people. To evade the bondage of system and habit, of family maxims, class opinions, and, in some degree, of national prejudices; to accept tradition only as a means of information, and existing facts only as a lesson used in doing otherwise, and doing better; to seek the reason of things for one’s self, and in one’s self alone; to tend to results without being bound to means, and to aim at the substance through the form;—such are the principal characteristics of what I shall call the philosophical method of the Americans. . . . [In] most of the operations of the mind, each American appeals to the individual exercise of his own understanding alone."
↑ Anglice: "America's most important and original philosophical theologian."
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "Jonathan Edwards," primum prolatum 15 Ianuarii 2002; multo retractatum 7 Novembris 2006.
↑ Anglice: "the absolute sovereignty of God and the beauty of God's holiness."

Bibliographia[recensere | fontem recensere]

Deledalle, Gérard.
- La Philosophie américaine, 1954-1987-De Boeck Université, 1998, ISBN 2804127729, ISBN 9782804127725.
- Histoire de la philosophie américaine, de la guerre de sécession à la seconde guerre mondiale, Presses universitaires de France, 1954.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo. 1851. Essais de philosophie américaine. Conv. Émile Montégut. Charpentier. Textus interretialis.
Goodman, Russell B. 1990. American philosophy and the romantic tradition. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521394430, ISBN 9780521394437.
Groot, Jean De, ed. 2004. Nature in American philosophy. CUA Press. ISBN 0813213819, ISBN 9780813213811.
Kuklick, Bruce. 2001. A history of philosophy in America, 1720-2000. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198250312, ISBN 9780198250319.
Lachs, John, et Robert B. Talisse, eds. 2008. American philosophy, an encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 0415939267, ISBN 9780415939263.
MacKinnon, Barbara, ed. 1985. American philosophy, a historical anthology. SUNY Press. ISBN 0873959221, ISBN 1780873959223.
Marcuse, Ludwig. 1959. La philosophie américaine. Lutetiae: Gallimard.
Marsoobian, Armen, et John Ryder, eds. 2004. The Blackwell guide to American philosophy. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 0631216227, ISBN 9780631216223.
Misak, Dheryl J. 2008. The Oxford handbook of American philosophy. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0199219311, ISBN 9780199219315.
Muelder, Walter G., ed. 2007. The Development of American Philosophy, A Book of Readings. Read Books. ISBN 1406762571, ISBN 9781406762570.
Mullin, Richard P., ed. 2007. The soul of classical American philosophy, the ethical and spiritual insights of William James, Josiah Royce, and Charles Sanders Peirce. SUNY Press. ISBN 0791471098, ISBN 9780791471098.
Riley, I. Woodbridge, ed. 2007. American Philosophy: The Early Schools. Kessinger Publishing Company. ISBN 0548307083, ISBN 9780548307083.
Schneider, Herbert Wallace. 1955. Histoire de la philosophie américaine. Conv. Claude Simonnet. Lutetiae: Gallimard.
Schneider, Herbert Wallace, ed. 1969. History of American Philosophy. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 8120824547, ISBN 9788120824546.
Smith, John Edwin, ed. 1983. The spirit of American philosophy. SUNY Press. ISBN 0873956508, ISBN 9780873956505.
Wilshire, Bruce W., ed. 2000. The primal roots of American philosophy, pragmatism, phenomenology, and Native American thought. Penn State Press. ISBN 0271020261, ISBN 9780271020266.

Nexus externi[recensere | fontem recensere]

Consociatio Philosophica Americana, www.apaonline.org (American Philosophical Association)
Societas Philosophica Americana, www.amphilsoc.org (American Philosophical Society)
Societas pro Progressu Philosophiae Americanae, www.american-philosophy.org (Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy)

[1] Anglice: "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation."

[AmerIEP-2] "American philosophy," in Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

[3] Alexis Tocqueville, Democracy in America: Part the Second: The Social Influence of Democracy, conversus ab Henry Reeve (Philadelphiae: J. & H. G. Langley, Thomas, Cowperthwaite & Company, 1840), 1.

[4] Anglice: "I think that in no country in the civilized world is less attention paid to philosophy than in the United States. . . . Nevertheless it is easy to perceive that almost all the inhabitants of the United States conduct their understanding in the same manner, and govern it by the same rules; that is to say, that without ever having taken the trouble to define the rules of a philosophical method, they are in possession of one, common to the whole people. To evade the bondage of system and habit, of family maxims, class opinions, and, in some degree, of national prejudices; to accept tradition only as a means of information, and existing facts only as a lesson used in doing otherwise, and doing better; to seek the reason of things for one’s self, and in one’s self alone; to tend to results without being bound to means, and to aim at the substance through the form;—such are the principal characteristics of what I shall call the philosophical method of the Americans. . . . [In] most of the operations of the mind, each American appeals to the individual exercise of his own understanding alone."

[5] Anglice: "America's most important and original philosophical theologian."

[SEPJEdwards-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "Jonathan Edwards," primum prolatum 15 Ianuarii 2002; multo retractatum 7 Novembris 2006.

[7] Anglice: "the absolute sovereignty of God and the beauty of God's holiness."

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]