Mors atra
Mors atra,[1][2][3] etiam et magna mortalitas appellata,[4] fuit pandemia quae exitiabilior ulla erat in histora humana, erumpens in mortis aestimabilis inter 75 et 200 miliones hominium in Eurasia et cuius culmine in Europa erat inter annos 1347 et 1351.[5][6][7] Yersinia pestis, bacterium quod erumpit in multis formis pestis, creditur originem eum fuisse.[8] Pestis hae creavit series eversiones religionis, socialis, economicae quae graviditer affecit cursu historiae Europae.
Atra mors putatur in ortum fuisse in campis siccis Mediae Asiae unde commeavit per Viam Sericam, Crimaeamque attingens anno 1343. Unde, verisimiliter vecta est ab pulicibus habitantibus in ratis orientalis quae viatores assidui sunt in navis mercatorium diffundente in Mediterraneo et Europa. Mors atra aestimatur occisum fuisse 30-60% totium numeri incolarum in Europa. [9] In toto plaga potest reduxisse populum a 450 milione ad 350–375 million in saeculo 14.[10] Tantum post 200 annos numerus incolarum mundi ad priorem gradum suo recuperavit. Pestilentia recidivum erumpebat ut eruptiones in Europa usque saeculo 19.
Nexus interni
Notae[recensere | fontem recensere]
- ↑ THE GREAT PESTILENCE (A.D. 1348-9)
- ↑ *Crisis Or Change - The Concept of Crisis in the Light of Agrarian Structural Reorganization in Late Medieval England ab Neils Heibel
- ↑ *ex 'Rerum danicarum historia, libris x vnoq[ue tomo ad domum usque ... De Johannes Isacius Pontanus' excipiens verbi 'Atra Mors ' in pagina 476]
- ↑ Anno 1349: "Magna mortalitas ita quod vix media pars populi remanebat": Red Book of Thorney (ULC MS. Add. 3020-3021, anno fere 1456 exscriptus)
- ↑ ABC/Reuters (29 January 2008). "Black death 'discriminated' between victims (ABC News in Science)". Australian Broadcasting Corporation
- ↑ "Health. De-coding the Black Death". BBC. 3 October 2001
- ↑ "Black Death's Gene Code Cracked". Wired. 3 October 2001
- ↑ "Plague". October 2017
- ↑ Austin Alchon, Suzanne (2003). A pest in the land: new world epidemics in a global perspective. University of New Mexico Press. p. 21. ISBN 0-8263-2871-7
- ↑ "Historical Estimates of World Population". Census.gov
Bibliographia[recensere | fontem recensere]
- Fontes antiquiores
- Gabriel de Mussis [en], "Ystoria de morbo sive mortalitate quae fuit anno Domini MCCCXLVIII" ed. A. W. Henschel, "Document zur Geschichte des schwarzen Todes" in Archiv für die gesammte Medicin vol. 2 (1842) pp. 26-59
- Fontes nominis "Mors atra"
- Ex situ books.google.com ex libro "Ebola Virus Disease: From Origin to Outbreak" Ab auctore Adnan Qureshi cum comma excipiente "mors atra" ex poema ab Simon de Covinus
- Fontes nominis "Mors nigra"
- books.google.com ex libro "The Black Death" Ab auctore Adnan Qureshi cum comma excipiente "mors atra" ex poema ab Simon de Covinus
- In libro "Praemessum inlustre ab Briccius Cressius
- Litterae secundariae
- Barroca, Mário Jorge. (2003). A peste negra na epigrafia medieval portuguesa. Porto : Universidade do Porto. Faculdade de Letras.
- Barry, S., & Gualde, N. (2008). La Peste noire dans l’Occident chrétien et musulman, 1347–1353. Canadian Bulletin of Medical History, 25(2), 461-498.
- Byrne, J., & Gale Group. (2012). Encyclopedia of the Black Death (Gale virtual reference library). Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO.
- Curtis, D., & Roosen, J. (2017). The sex‐selective impact of the Black Death and recurring plagues in the Southern Netherlands, 1349–1450. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 164(2), 246-259.
- Lenz, K., & Hybel, N. (2016). The Black Death. Scandinavian Journal of History, 41(1), 54-70.
- Platt, C. (1996). King Death : The Black Death and its aftermath in late-medieval England. London: UCL Press.
- Pobst, P. (2013). Should We Teach That the Cause of the Black Death Was Bubonic Plague? History Compass, 11(10), 808-820.
- Seifert, Lisa et al. (2016). "Genotyping Yersinia pestis in Historical Plague: Evidence for Long-Term Persistence of Y. pestis in Europe from the 14th to the 17th Century" in PLOS One (3 Ianuarii 2016).
- Spyrou, Maria A. et al. (2019). "Phylogeography of the second plague pandemic revealed through analysis of historical Yersinia pestis genomes" in Nature Communications vol. 10 no. 4470.
- Ángel Vaca Lorenzo. (2009). La Peste Negra en Castilla (Nuevos testimonios). Studia Historica. Historia Medieval, 8.
- Welford, M., & Bossak, B. (2010). Body lice, Yersinia pestis Orientalis, and Black Death. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 16(10), 1649-51.
- Ziegler, Philip, & Ziegler, P. (1969). The Black Death. London: Collins.