Macroscelididae

Rhynchocyon petersi

Animalia — Chordata

Classis : Mammalia
Infraclassis : Eutheria
Superordo : Afrotheria
Afroinsectiphilia
Ordo : Macroscelidea
Butler, 1956
Familia : Macroscelididae
Bonaparte, 1838

Palaeontologia

48–0 m.a.: Lutetio > Recens^[1]^[2]

Subdivisiones: Genera

Elephantulus

Macroscelides
Petrodromus
Petrosaltator

Rhynchocyon

Macroscelididae sunt parva mammalia insectivora quae in Africa endemica sunt, ad ordinem Macroscelideorum pertinentia. Quia eorum nasi producti proboscidibus elephantidarum similes, atque eorum corpus corpori mammalium familiae Soricidarum similia videri possunt, appellantur in variis linguis soricidae elephantinae.

Latissime distribuuntur trans meridianam Africae regionem, et, quamquam frequentia nusquam, inveni possunt in paene omni habitationis genere, a Desertis Namibianis ad terram saxosam in Africa Australi et ad silvas densas. Una species, Petrosaltator rozeti, in desertis montanis et semiaridis in septentrio et occidentali continentis regione manet.

Hoc est unum e celerrimis mammalibus parvis, quod usque ad 28.8 chiliometra per horam currere potest.^[3] Macroscelididae plerumque insectis, araneis, chilopodis, diplopodis, megadrilaceisque vescuntur. Naso ad praedam reperiendam, linguaque ad parvum cibum in os excutiendum utuntur, vermilinguis simillimae.

Phylogenia[recensere | fontem recensere]

Macroscelidea

Macroscelididae

Afrosoricida

Chrysochloridae

Tenrecomorpha

	Potamogalidae

	Tenrecidae

	Dugongidae

	Trichechidae

Cladogramma Afrotheriorum in indiciis molecularibus conditum^[4]

Cladogramma Macroscelididarum quae nunc in vita sunt^[5]^[6]

Macroscelididae

Rhynchocyoninae

Rhynchocyon

R. chrysopygus

	R. cirnei

	R. stuhlmanni

	R. petersi

	R. udzungwensis

Macroscelidinae

Macroscelidini

Galegeeska revoilii

	Petrosaltator rozeti

	Petrodromus tetradactylus

Macroscelides

	M. flavicaudatus

	M. proboscideus

M. micus

Elephantulus

	E. brachyrhynchus

	E. rufescens

	E. intufi

	E. rupestris

	E. edwardii

	E. pilicaudus

E. myurus

Classificatio[recensere | fontem recensere]

Etching unius macroscelididae cui parva proboscis est.

Macroscelides proboscideus in Hortis Zoologicis Francofurtensibus.

Rhynchocyon petersi mas in Hortis Zoologicis Nationalibus Vasingtoniae in Districtu Columbiae.

Undeviginti species macroscelididarum in quinque genera digeruntur, quorum duo sunt monotypica:

ORDO MACROSCELIDEA^[7]
- Familia Macroscelididae
  - Genus Elephantulus
    - Elephantidae brachyrhynchus
    - Elephantidae edwardii
    - Elephantidae fuscipes
    - Elephantidae fuscus
    - Elephantidae intufi
    - Elephantidae myurus
    - Elephantidae pilicaudus^[8]
    - Elephantidae revoili
    - Elephantidae rufescens
    - Elephantidae rupestris
  - Genus Macroscelides
  - Genus Petrodromus
    - Petrodromus tetradactylus
  - Genus Petrosaltator
    - Petrosaltator rozeti
  - Genus Rhynchocyon

Notae[recensere | fontem recensere]

↑ Martin Pickford; Brigitte Senut; Helke Mocke; Cécile Mourer-Chauviré; Jean-Claude Rage; Pierre Mein (2014). "Eocene aridity in southwestern Africa: timing of onset and biological consequences". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 69 (3): 139–44 .
↑ Martin Pickford (2015). "Chrysochloridae (Mammalia) from the Lutetian (Middle Eocene) of Black Crow, Namibia". Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia 16: 105–13 .
↑ Nature (BBC).
↑ Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Tabuce2008
↑ Upham, Nathan S.; Esselstyn, Jacob A.; Jetz, Walter (2019). "Inferring the mammal tree: Species-level sets of phylogenies for questions in ecology, evolution and conservation". PLOS Biol 17 (12): e3000494
↑ Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Heritage2020
↑ Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named msw3
↑ H. Smit|, T. J. Robinson, J. Watson, et B. Jansen Van Vuuren, "A new species of elephant-shrew (Afrotheria:Macroselidea: Elephantulus) from South Africa," Journal of Mammalogy 89(5): 1257–69 (October 2008). doi:10.1644/07-MAMM-A-254.1.
↑ Rovero et Rathbun 2006.
↑ "AFP: Shrew's who: New mammal enters the book of life". Google. January 2008 .

Bibliographia[recensere | fontem recensere]

Coldiron, Ronn W. 1977. On the jaw musculature and relationships of Petrodromus tetradactylus (Mammalia, Macroscelidea). Novi Eboraci: American Museum of Natural History.
Lawson, L. P., C. Vernesi, S. Ricci, et F. Rovero. 2013. Evolutionary History of the Grey-Faced Sengi, Rhynchocyon udzungwensis, from Tanzania: A Molecular and Species Distribution Modelling Approach. PLoS ONE 8(8): e72506. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072506.
Murata Y., M. Nikaido, T. Sasaki, Y. Cao, Y. Fukumoto, M. Hasegawa, et N. Okada. 2003. Afrotherian phylogeny as inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes. Molecular Phylogenetic Evolution 28(2): 253–60.
Murphy, W. J., E. Eizirik, W. E. Johnson, Y. P. Zhang, O. A. Ryder, et S. J. O'Brien. 2001. Molecular phylogenetics and the origins of placental mammals. Nature 409(6820): 614–18.
Patterson, Bryan. 1965. The fossil elephant shrews (family Macroscelididae). Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology Bulletin 133( 6). Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Printed for the Museum.
Rovero, Francesco, et Galen Rathbun. 2006. A Potentially New Giant Sengi (Elephant-Shrew) from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. Journal of East African Natural History 95(2): 111–15. PDF.
Tabuce, R., L. Marivaux, M. Adaci, M. Bensalah, J. L. Hartenberger, M. Mahboubi, F. Mebrouk, P. Tafforeau, et J. J. Jaeger. 2007. Early Tertiary mammals from North Africa reinforce the molecular Afrotheria clade. Proceedings of Biological Science 274(1614): 1159–66.

Nexus externi[recensere | fontem recensere]

Situs scientifici: • ITIS • NCBI • Biodiversity • Encyclopedia of Life • Fossilworks

Shrew.^{Nexus deficitur} African Wildlife Foundation.
Sengis (Elephant-Shrews. California Academy of Sciences. Archivum, 10 Maii 2013.
New Species Of Giant Elephant-shrew Discovered. Science Daily, Februario 2008.
New sengi species is related to an elephant, but small as a mouse. Los Angeles Times, 1 Iunii 2014.

[1] Martin Pickford; Brigitte Senut; Helke Mocke; Cécile Mourer-Chauviré; Jean-Claude Rage; Pierre Mein (2014). "Eocene aridity in southwestern Africa: timing of onset and biological consequences". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 69 (3): 139–44 .

[2] Martin Pickford (2015). "Chrysochloridae (Mammalia) from the Lutetian (Middle Eocene) of Black Crow, Namibia". Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia 16: 105–13 .

[3] Nature (BBC).

[Tabuce2008-4] Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Tabuce2008

[5] Upham, Nathan S.; Esselstyn, Jacob A.; Jetz, Walter (2019). "Inferring the mammal tree: Species-level sets of phylogenies for questions in ecology, evolution and conservation". PLOS Biol 17 (12): e3000494

[Heritage2020-6] Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Heritage2020

[msw3-7] Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named msw3

[8] H. Smit|, T. J. Robinson, J. Watson, et B. Jansen Van Vuuren, "A new species of elephant-shrew (Afrotheria:Macroselidea: Elephantulus) from South Africa," Journal of Mammalogy 89(5): 1257–69 (October 2008). doi:10.1644/07-MAMM-A-254.1.

[9] Rovero et Rathbun 2006.

[10] "AFP: Shrew's who: New mammal enters the book of life". Google. January 2008 .

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