Cobaltum

Ferrum - Cobaltum - Niccolum
Co ↓ Rh
	Systema Periodica

Geralis

Nomen, symbolus, numerus

Cobaltum, Co, 27

Familia

transitionis metallum

Grex, Periodus, Columna

9, 4, d

Densitas

8.90 g/cm³

Color

metallicum argentoalbum

Proprietates atomicae

Massa atomica

58.933195(5) g/mol

Atomicus radius

135 (145) picometra

Covalens radius

126 pm

Cobaltum^[1], nota Co, est elementum chemicum metallicum transitionis numeri atomici 27. In grege nono et periodo quarta systematis periodici ponitur. Eius massa atomica 58,93 valet (32 neutrones et 27 protones) et eius configuratio electronica notatur 3d⁷4s². Temperatura qua liquidum fit: 1494 gradus Celsiani. Qua gas fit: 2900 gradus Celsiani. Massa per volumen: 8,80g/cm³.

De nomine

Verbum "cobaltum" deductum est a verbo germanico Kobold, quod manem malum significat, ita appellatum a metallicis qui in fodinis laboraverunt, quia veneficium fuit et aerumnas multas fecit in aerem elementorum aliorum effodendo, ut qualitatem eorum diminuit^{[Latinitas dolet]}. Etiam putabatur a metallicis operariis illi Kobolde in fodinas argenti nocte intrare argentum cleptum et cobaltium repositum. Nomen ultimo fortasse est derivatum ab verbo Graeco antiquo Κόβαλος, quod "furcifer" significat, et nonnulli id dicunt fontem etiam radicem esse^{[Latinitas dolet]} verbi Kobold, verbi anglici goblin, et cobalti scilicet ipsius, tametsi Lexicon Linguae Anglica Oxoniensis hanc etymologiam esse incertam dicit.

In biologia

Cobaltum est micronutrimentum saluti necessarium^[2] ob coniunctionem cum vitamino B₁₂ (cobalamina). Raro tamen deficit quia in cibo communi versatur. Synthesi neurotransmissorum inter alia adest. Sed nimia copia toxica est^[3].

Pecoris diaetae additamentum vulgo habetur praesertim ruminantibus utile^[4].

Proprietates

Cobaltum purum est durum, magneticum et argentoalbum.

Pulvis cobalti perfacile incenditur.

Geologia

Cobaltum saepius existit in forma aeris et in eisdem locis atque sulphidum cupri(II). Non solet solum effodi, immo producitur secundum niccoli et cupri productionis^{[Latinitas dolet]}. Maxima cobalti deposita in Respublica Congensi, Sina, Zambia, Russia et Australia. Invenitur etiam in Finnia, Atropatene, et Casachia. Ob crescentem usum hoc metallum rarius videtur et penuria timetur^[5].

De usu humano

Cobaltum praecipue ferro et aliis metallis mixtum ad chalybes sui generis fabricandos. Illa aciaria in chirurgia et orthopaedia utilia sunt. In accumulatris electricis ubi una ex electrodis e LiCoO₂ facta est hodie frequentissime invenitur^[6]. Quia cobaltum ferromagneticum^[7] est aciaria cobalto mixta optimos magnetes perpetuos faciunt^[8]. Aciaria AlNiCo saepe appellantur quia praeter ferrum adsunt aluminium, niccolum, cobaltum^[9].

Cobaltum-60, isotopium e ferro-59 iniectis neutronibus manu factum, quod radioactivum est, in radiotherapia ad morbos cancrosos medicandos adhibetur^[10]. Ratio sterilizationis quoque habetur^[11].

Pigmentum caeruleum cobaltum continens iam antiquitus in Aegypto et Sina fabricabatur, postea etiam Romae et in Graecia. Hodie cobalti oxidum silicio et aluminio mixtum colorem vitri ad caeruleum mutat^[12].

Notae

↑ "Cobaltum": Peter van der Krogt, "Elementa chemica" apud situm Elementymology & Elements Multidict
↑ M. Russell (2022).
↑ scribd de cobalti toxicologia. Item Centre Léon Bérard
↑ Chiara Marchese, Rosa Avolio, Alessandra Griglione, Paolo Palmegiano, Anna Riva, Stefania Gavinelli, Paola Brizio, Maria Cesarina Abete, Stefania Squadrone. "Cobalt in feed: A first survey in Italy", Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 2025: 127637.
↑ Benjamin L. Brugman (2023). Xinkai Fu (2020).
↑ Matthew Li et Jun Lu, "Cobalt in lithium-ion batteries. Replacements are sought for cobalt, a costly element used in lithium-ion battery cathodes", Science, 6481, 2020: 979-80. Ya You et Jun Lu, "Timely or early? Breaking away from cobalt-reliant lithium-ion batteries", Next Materials, 2023: 100004
↑ Yves Barnier. Contribution à l’étude des propriétés magnétiques du cobalt et des alliages de fer cobalt. Faculté des sciences de l’Université de Grenoble, 1963.
↑ Pierre Moritz, Réalisation de micro-aimants par assemblage capillaire de nanobâtonnets de cobalt assisté par magnétophorèse - Applications aux MEMS à transduction électromagnétique, INSA de Toulouse, 2019.
↑ De elementis in magnetibus Alnico contentis.
↑ Docteurclic. Vijitha Ramanatha, "The current role of Cobalt-60 teletherapy in cancer care", KDU Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2021: 80-88.
↑ Storion
↑ Hao Yang, Bin Mu, Anjie Zhang, Aiqin Wang. "Recent advance in preparation, applications and color regulation mechanism of cobalt blue pigment", Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 2025: 100535.

Plura legere si cupis

J.A. Betancourt-Cantera, F. Sánchez-De Jesús, A.M. Bolarín-Mir, G. Torres-Villaseñor, L.G. Betancourt-Cantera. "Magnetic properties and crystal structure of elemental cobalt powder modified by high-energy ball milling", Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2019: 4995-5003
Benjamin L. Brugman, Manuel Scharrer, Tullio S. Geraci, Alexandra Navrotsky. "Cobalt blues: An overview of the thermodynamics of a critical element in short supply", Materials Today Energy, 2023: 101382
Xinkai Fu, Danielle N. Beatty, Gabrielle G. Gaustad, Gerbrand Ceder, Richard Roth, Randolph E. Kirchain, Michele Bustamante, Callie BabbittElsa, A. Olivetti. "Perspectives on Cobalt Supply through 2030 in the Face of Changing Demand", Environmental Science & Technology, 2020: S1-12
Giuseppe Genchi, Graziantonio Lauria, Alessia Catalano, Alessia Carocci et Maria Stefania Sinicropi. "Prevalence of Cobalt in the Environment and Its Role in Biological Processes", Biology, 2023: 1335
Michael J. Russell, "Cobalt: A must-have element for life and livelihood", PNAS, 2022: 2121307119

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Cobaltum spectant.

WebElements.com – Cobalt
Hoc elementum apud Patreon: periodic videos
De cobalto aliis metallis mixto

Elementa chemica: series paginarum brevium


1 H 2 He 3 Li 4 Be 5 B 6 C 7 N 8 O 9 F 10 Ne 11 Na 12 Mg 13 Al 14 Si 15 P 16 S 17 Cl 18 Ar 19 K 20 Ca 21 Sc 22 Ti 23 V 24 Cr 25 Mn 26 Fe 27 Co 28 Ni 29 Cu 30 Zn 31 Ga 32 Ge 33 As 34 Se 35 Br 36 Kr 37 Rb 38 Sr 39 Y 40 Zr 41 Nb 42 Mo 43 Tc 44 Ru 45 Rh 46 Pd 47 Ag 48 Cd 49 In 50 Sn 51 Sb 52 Te 53 I 54 Xe 55 Cs 56 Ba 57 La 58 Ce 59 Pr 60 Nd 61 Pm 62 Sm 63 Eu 64 Gd 65 Tb 66 Dy 67 Ho 68 Er 69 Tm 70 Yb 71 Lu 72 Hf 73 Ta 74 W 75 Re 76 Os 77 Ir 78 Pt 79 Au 80 Hg 81 Tl 82 Pb 83 Bi 84 Po 85 At 86 Rn 87 Fr 88 Ra 89 Ac 90 Th 91 Pa 92 U 93 Np 94 Pu 95 Am 96 Cm 97 Bk 98 Cf 99 Es 100 Fm 101 Md 102 No 103 Lr 104 Rf 105 Db 106 Sg 107 Bh 108 Hs 109 Mt 110 Ds 111 Rg 112 Cn 113 Nh 114 Fl 115 Mc 116 Lv 117 Ts 118 Og Elementum • Systema periodicum

[1] "Cobaltum": Peter van der Krogt, "Elementa chemica" apud situm Elementymology & Elements Multidict

[2] M. Russell (2022).

[3] scribd de cobalti toxicologia. Item Centre Léon Bérard

[4] Chiara Marchese, Rosa Avolio, Alessandra Griglione, Paolo Palmegiano, Anna Riva, Stefania Gavinelli, Paola Brizio, Maria Cesarina Abete, Stefania Squadrone. "Cobalt in feed: A first survey in Italy", Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 2025: 127637.

[5] Benjamin L. Brugman (2023). Xinkai Fu (2020).

[6] Matthew Li et Jun Lu, "Cobalt in lithium-ion batteries. Replacements are sought for cobalt, a costly element used in lithium-ion battery cathodes", Science, 6481, 2020: 979-80. Ya You et Jun Lu, "Timely or early? Breaking away from cobalt-reliant lithium-ion batteries", Next Materials, 2023: 100004

[7] Yves Barnier. Contribution à l’étude des propriétés magnétiques du cobalt et des alliages de fer cobalt. Faculté des sciences de l’Université de Grenoble, 1963.

[8] Pierre Moritz, Réalisation de micro-aimants par assemblage capillaire de nanobâtonnets de cobalt assisté par magnétophorèse - Applications aux MEMS à transduction électromagnétique, INSA de Toulouse, 2019.

[9] De elementis in magnetibus Alnico contentis.

[10] Docteurclic. Vijitha Ramanatha, "The current role of Cobalt-60 teletherapy in cancer care", KDU Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2021: 80-88.

[11] Storion

[12] Hao Yang, Bin Mu, Anjie Zhang, Aiqin Wang. "Recent advance in preparation, applications and color regulation mechanism of cobalt blue pigment", Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 2025: 100535.

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