Civitas Tiuanacuensis

Maximi civitatis Tiuanacuensis fines, anno fere 950.

Despectus in multiplicem Kalasasaya.

Ruinae multiplicis Pumapunku.

Porta Solis.

Civitas Tiuanacuensis (Hispanice Tiahuanaco et Tiahuanacu), vel Imperium Tiuanacuense, fuit civitas sui iuris praecolumbiana in australi Lacus Titicacae pelve in Bolivia occidentali condita. Una erat e civilizationibus Andeanis maximi momenti, cuius momentum, ad Peruviam et Tsiliam hodiernas extentum, anno 550 ad annum 1000 fere durabat. Eius caput erat Tiuanacu, urbs monumentalis, in medio civitatis regione nucleari in australi Lacus Titicacae pelve sita.

Bibliographia

• Bermann, Marc. 1994. Lukurmata. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-03359-4.
• Bruhns, Karen Olsen. 1994. Ancient South America. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
• Goldstein, Paul. 1993. Tiwanaku Temples and State Expansion: A Tiwanaku Sunken-Court Temple in Moduegua, Peru. Latin American Antiquity 4, no. 1 (Martius): 22–47. Society for American Archaeology.
• Hoshower, Lisa M., Jane E. Buikstra, Paul S. Goldstein, and Ann D. Webster. 1995. Artificial Cranial Deformation at the Omo M10 Site: A Tiwanaku Complex from the Moquegua Valley, Peru. Latin American Antiquity 6, no. 2 (Iunius): 145–64. Society for American Archaeology.
• Kolata, Alan L. 1986. The Agricultural Foundations of the Tiwanaku State: A View from the Heartland. American Antiquity 51, no. 4 (October): 748–62. Society for American Archaeology.
• Kolata, Alan L 1991. The Technology and Organization of Agricultural Production in the Tiwanaku State. Latin American Antiquity 2, no. 2 (Iunius): 99–125. doi:10.2307/972273. JSTOR 972273.
• Ponce Sanginés, Carlos. 1996. Ensayo de recuperación historiográfica del estado Tiwanaku: concepción cíclica del tiempo y posible nómina de sus gobernantes. Pax: Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo, Dirección de Investigación Científica.
• Protzen, Jean-Pierre, et Stella E. Nair. 2000. On Reconstructing Tiwanaku Architecture. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 59, no. 3 (September): 358–71. Society of Architectural Historians.
• Reinhard, Johan. 1985. Chavin and Tiahuanaco: A New Look at Two Andean Ceremonial Centers. National Geographic Research 1 (3): 395–422.
• Reinhard, Johan. 1990. Tiahuanaco, Sacred Center of the Andes. In An Insider's Guide to Bolivia, ed. Peter McFarren, 151–81. Pax.
• Reinhard, Johan. 1992. Tiwanaku: Ensayo sobre su cosmovisión. Revista Pumapunku 2: 8–66.
• Stone-Miller, Rebecca. (?1995) 2005. Art of the Andes: from Chavin to Inca. Londinii: Thames & Hudson.