Biota

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Biota[1] in scientificis classificationis rationibus sunt res quae ad caput totius taxinomiae viventium stant. Pan-Biota appellatur is cladus phylogeneticus qui vitam ab initio usque ad homines comprehendit. Sic definitur ab ipso Wagner: "Panbiota": the first ancestor of Homo sapiens and all of its descendants, i.e. "Hominis sapientis progenitor omnesque suae proles". Idem cladus secundum regulas phylogeneticas recentiores in "Pan-Biota (Wagner, 2004)" a Queiroz et al. (2020) rite rescripta est, definitione emendata.

De nomine[recensere | fontem recensere]

Biota est vocabulum originis recentis, in lingua Anglica a biot- (vita) et suffixo -a formatum, sed similis est voci Graeco βιοτή, synonymo βίος, "vita".[2]

Synonymum huius notionis est Bionta, nunc taxon defunctum habitum, creatum a Lee Barker Walton anno 1930, ad omnia viventia denominanda, quod in tria subregna divisa erat: Protistodeas, Metaphytodeas (plantas multicellulares), et Zoodeas (animalia multicellularia).

Index taxonomicus et exempla vitae[recensere | fontem recensere]

Bacteria (Staphylococci aurei)
Spermium & ovum
Euglenae
Fungus mucidus (fuligo septica)
Paramecium
Fucus
Algae silicatae (diatomae)
Algae
Fungus
Bryophyton
Filix
Orchis (dactylorhiza)
Canna indica
Chrysanthemum
Salvia
Solanum
Rubus
Quercus
Passiflora
Vitis
Magnolia
Nautilus
Limulus
Coelacanthus
Tyrannosaurus rex
Pterodactylus
Plesiosaurus
Ichthyosaurus
Archaeopteryx
Platypus

Imperium: Vira (virus: est parasitus intracellularis, dubium est an animal sit)
Imperium: Cellulata

Superregio: Bacteria
Regio: Bacteria (utraque supra Eubacteria sunt, olim: Procaryota / Monera?)
Superregio: Archocaryota[3]
Regio[4]: Archaea / Archaebacteria
Regio: Eucaryota (qui nucleum habent in cellulis)
Subregio: Uniconta / Sarcomastigota (qui flagellum habent, ut: Eumycota, Amoebozoa, Choanozoa, Metazoa,...)
Infraregio: Opisthoconta (qui flagello propelluntur, vide regna: Fungi & Animalia)
Subregio: Biconta / Biciliata (vide infra: Chromalveolata, Excavata, Rhizaria, Archaeplastida, Apusozoa?)

Regna[recensere | fontem recensere]

  • Regna: Protista (Archae-/ Protozoa, Protophyta), Fungi, Chromista?, Plantae & Animalia
  • (Supergreges: Amoebozoa, Archaeplastida, Chromalveolata, Excavata, Opisthoconta & Rhizaria)

Regnum: Protista[recensere | fontem recensere]

  • Regnum: Protista (qui plurimum unam cellulam habent: plancton)
  • Subregnum: Gymnomyxa (Lancester 1878), Protozoa, Archaezoa (obsol.)
  • Subregnum: Sarcomastigota (=Uniconta?)
    • (Phylum: Choanozoa (Cavalier-Smith 1981/83) / Neomonada (Cavalier-Smith, 1997)
    • Phylum: Rhizopoda / Sarcodina / Amoebozoa (Cavalier-Smith 1998, olim: regnum Archezoa)
    • (Pseudophylum Rhizopoda etiam continet Pseudopodia ut: Foraminifera, Heliozoa, Radiolaria)
      • Subphylum / Grex: Lobosa (Carpenter 1861 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1997 em.)
      • Subphylum / Grex: Conosa
      • Infraphylum: Archamoebae (chaos, pelomyxa, mastigina)
      • Infraphylum: Mycetozoa (Haeckel 1904)
        • Classis: Eumycetozoa (verus fungus mucidus)
        • Subclassis: Myxogastria (olim: Myxomycetes / Myxomycota, plasmodialis fungus mucidus), Dictyo-/ & Protostelia/-ida?)
          • Ordo: Physariida
        • Classis: Acrasiomycetes (cellularis fungus mucidus)
        • Subclassis: Euplasmodida
  • Subregnum: Corticata (Lankester 1878)
  • (=Archaeplastida & Chromalveolata, Excavata & Rhizaria = Cabozoa C.Smith)
  • (Subregnum: Biciliata (=Biconta?)
  • (Subregnum: (A)dictyozoa (Cavalier-Smith 1991) // Neozoa
    • Infraregnum / Superphylum Alveolata (Cavalier-Smith, 1991): Endoymbiosis!
      • Phylum: Apicomplexa
      • Phylum: Ciliophora / Ciliata
  • Infraregnum: Excavata (qui cystostomam (cavum vel sulcum ventralem) habent, Cavalier-Smith, 2003)
    • Superphylum: Discicristata
      • (Sub)Phylum: Percolozoa
      • (Sub)Phylum: Euglenozoa (Cavalier-Smith, 1981) // Euglenophyta
        • Classes: Euglenida, Cinetoplastea (Honigberg, 1963)
      • Phylum: Metamonada
      • Subphylum: Anaeromonada, Classis: Anaeromonadea (Ordo: Oxymonadida)
      • Subphylum: Trichozoa CS1997), Ramus: Parabasalia (Honigberg, 1973 / Cavalier-Smith, 2003)
      • Infraregnum / Phylum: Rhizaria (Cavalier-Smith, 1987/2002)

Regnum: Chromista[recensere | fontem recensere]

  • Regnum: Chromista (Cavalier-Smith 1981) // Chromalveolata (?)
    • Infraregnum: Chromobionta / Phylum: Heteroconta / Stramenopila (Cavalier-Smith, 1986)
    • Supergrex: Archaeplastida (Adl &al. 2005) / Primoplantae (Palmer &al. 2004)
      • Phyla: Rhodophyta, Glaucophyta (algae) // Chlorophyta, Embryophyta (plantae)

Regnum: Fungi[recensere | fontem recensere]

  • Regnum: Fungi / Mycota (fungus)
    • Divisio / Subregnum: Myxomycota (vide et amoebozoa)
    • Divisio / Subregnum: Eumycota
      • Divisio (Phylum): Basidiomycota
        • Classis: Basidiomycetes / Agaricomycetes / Hymenomycetes (?)
        • Subclassis: Agaricomycetidae
      • Divisio (Phylum): Euascomycota (multi fungi filamentosi)
      • Divisio (Phylum): Ascomycota / Pezizomycota
      • Subdivisio: Ascomycotina / Pezizomycotina
        • Classis: Ascomycetes / Pezizomycetes
        • Classis: Eurotiomycetes (?)
        • Subclassis: Eurotiomycetidae
      • Subdivisio: Saccharomycotina
      • Divisio (Phylum): Zygomycota

Regnum: Plantae[recensere | fontem recensere]

Regnum: Animalia[recensere | fontem recensere]

Notae[recensere | fontem recensere]

  1. ""Biota" apud WoRMS. Cf. Margulis, L.; Schwartz, K.V. (1998). Five Kingdoms: an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on earth. 3a ed. Novi Eboraci: Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-3027-8
  2. Oxford English Dictionary (3a editio, 2010), s.v. "biota".
  3. ARCHOKARYOTA (URKERNTR+äGER) apud www.sthco.de[nexus deficit]
  4. Woese CR, Kandler O, Wheelis ML (1990). "Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87 (12): 4576–9 

Bibliographia[recensere | fontem recensere]

Nexus interni

Nexus externi[recensere | fontem recensere]

Situs scientifici:  • Encyclopedia of Life • WoRMS: Marine Species • Fossilworks